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Obada D, Hijazi H, Paul JF, Gasnot L, Grégoire AC, Mamede AS, Cantrel L. Chemical stability of caesium iodide deposits in air/steam atmosphere. J Hazard Mater 2021; 409:124519. [PMID: 33229263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Iodine compounds that may be released in case of severe nuclear accident will have important radiotoxicity if they are disseminated in air. One of the most important iodine species is CsI that is deposited on the surfaces of the reactor coolant system. However, depending on the conditions, CsI can volatilize or react with oxidants to produce I2(g). Theoretical and experimental studies demonstrate that the oxidation of iodide depends on the temperature and in the presence of oxidants in the gas. It is also slightly influenced by the crystallinity of the CsI particles and the nature of the support. In case of a high temperature deposition, the iodine release started at temperature lower than 300 °C. For the CsI vapour and aerosol depositions, the iodine is detected only at temperature above 450 °C and become very important above 550 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Obada
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Pôle Sûreté Nucléaire, CEN Cadarache, Saint Paul lez Durance F-13115, France; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - H Hijazi
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Pôle Sûreté Nucléaire, CEN Cadarache, Saint Paul lez Durance F-13115, France; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - J-F Paul
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - L Gasnot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A-C Grégoire
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Pôle Sûreté Nucléaire, CEN Cadarache, Saint Paul lez Durance F-13115, France
| | - A-S Mamede
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - L Cantrel
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Pôle Sûreté Nucléaire, CEN Cadarache, Saint Paul lez Durance F-13115, France
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Obada D, Peter M, Kulla D, Omisanya N, Atta A, Dodoo-Arhin D. Catalytic abatement of CO species from incomplete combustion of solid fuels used in domestic cooking. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00748. [PMID: 30167497 PMCID: PMC6111019 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reveals a first time approach to catalytic based interventions primarily on indoor air pollution emanating from commercial and household solid fuel burning in a region in Nigeria. An intensive survey of the temperatures at different locations in the common stoves used for cooking was conducted so as to ascertain temperatures suitable for catalyst efficiency and stability. Furthermore, cobalt and iron based catalysts were prepared using ultra stable Y type zeolite as supports. The synthesized catalysts were characterized for its physico-chemical properties. The catalytic efficiency of the supported catalysts was tested using simulated exhaust gases in a fix bed reactor. The study further explored real time testing of the catalyzed ceramic monolith using two different wood species. First, the best catalyst in terms of simulated exhaust testing was selected. Consequently, a small layer of zeolite Y was deposited at 3% of the monolith weight to enhance the subsequent adhesion of the best catalyst powder to the structured monolith. Then to catalyze the zeolite Y wash-coated monolith with the cobalt precursor, the dip coating technique was used. From the results, the average values of temperatures observed from the surveyed cook stoves using wood and plant residue as fuel were confirmed to be in the range of 203–425 °C which is considered suitable for catalysts activity. The Co/ZY catalyst showed approximately 100% CO conversion (T100) at 250 °C for initial CO concentration of 1000 ppm, making it the most effective, while T100 was increased to 275 °C and 325 °C for Fe/ZY and Co-Fe/ZY catalyst respectively at an exhaust residence time of 20000 h−1. The catalytic converter in real time testing for CO abatement performed well for both wood species. Only minor differences have been noticed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.O. Obada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Corresponding authors.
| | - M. Peter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - D.M. Kulla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - N.O. Omisanya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- National Automotive Design and Development Council, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - A.Y. Atta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - D. Dodoo-Arhin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Institute of Applied Science and Technology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Corresponding authors.
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