1
|
Ross JA, Deuar P, Shin DK, Thomas KF, Henson BM, Hodgman SS, Truscott AG. On the survival of the quantum depletion of a condensate after release from a magnetic trap. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13178. [PMID: 35915112 PMCID: PMC9343431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We present observations of the high momentum tail in expanding Bose–Einstein condensates of metastable Helium atoms released from a harmonic trap. The far-field density profile exhibits features that support identification of the tails of the momentum distribution as originating in the in-situ quantum depletion prior to release. Thus, we corroborate recent observations of slowly-decaying tails in the far-field beyond the thermal component. This observation is in conflict with the hydrodynamic theory, which predicts that the in-situ depletion does not survive when atoms are released from a trap. Indeed, the depleted tails even appear stronger in the far-field than expected before release, and we discuss the challenges of interpreting this in terms of the Tan contact in the trapped gas. In complement to these observations, full quantum simulations of the experiment show that, under the right conditions, the depletion can persist into the far field after expansion. Moreover, the simulations provide mechanisms for survival and for the the large-momentum tails to appear stronger after expansion due to an acceleration of the depleted atoms by the mean-field potential. However, while in qualitative agreement, the final depletion observed in the experiment is much larger than in the simulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Ross
- Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia
| | - P Deuar
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-688, Warsaw, Poland
| | - D K Shin
- Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia
| | - K F Thomas
- Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia
| | - B M Henson
- Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia
| | - S S Hodgman
- Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia
| | - A G Truscott
- Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Henson BM, Ross JA, Thomas KF, Kuhn CN, Shin DK, Hodgman SS, Zhang YH, Tang LY, Drake GWF, Bondy AT, Truscott AG, Baldwin KGH. Measurement of a helium tune-out frequency: an independent test of quantum electrodynamics. Science 2022; 376:199-203. [PMID: 35389780 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk2502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Despite quantum electrodynamics (QED) being one of the most stringently tested theories underpinning modern physics, recent precision atomic spectroscopy measurements have uncovered several small discrepancies between experiment and theory. One particularly powerful experimental observable that tests QED independently of traditional energy level measurements is the "tune-out" frequency, where the dynamic polarizability vanishes and the atom does not interact with applied laser light. In this work, we measure the tune-out frequency for the 23S1 state of helium between transitions to the 23P and 33P manifolds and compare it with new theoretical QED calculations. The experimentally determined value of 725,736,700(260) megahertz differs from theory [725,736,252(9) megahertz] by 1.7 times the measurement uncertainty and resolves both the QED contributions and retardation corrections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B M Henson
- Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - J A Ross
- Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - K F Thomas
- Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - C N Kuhn
- Centre for Quantum and Optical Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - D K Shin
- Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - S S Hodgman
- Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yong-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - G W F Drake
- Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - A T Bondy
- Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - A G Truscott
- Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - K G H Baldwin
- Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tak YJ, Shin DK, Kim AH, Kim JI, Lee YL, Ko HC, Kim YW, Lee SY. Effect of Collagen Tripeptide and Adjusting for Climate Change on Skin Hydration in Middle-Aged Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:608903. [PMID: 33521019 PMCID: PMC7839319 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.608903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although collagen is widely used in various forms as a functional ingredient in skin care products, the effect of oral supplementation of collagen tripeptides (CTPs) on human skin is unclear. Moreover, the majority of the positive outcomes of CTP reported so far have not considered the effect of weather conditions. Therefore, we tested the effect of CTP and adjusting for climate change on skin properties in middle-aged women. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 84 women between 40 and 60 years of age. Participants were randomized to receive placebo or 1,000 mg CTP daily for 12 weeks. CTP was prepared from the skin of Nile Tilapia by the digestion method using collagenase from non-pathogenic bacteria of the genus Bacillus. Skin hydration, wrinkling, and elasticity were assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks with adjustments for temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet A exposure during the evaluation time using weather data from the regional meteorological office. Results: Of the 82 participants, 74 completed the trial without adverse effects. Compared with the control group, trans-epidermal water loss was reduced more in the CTP group after 12 weeks (P < 0.05). At 12 weeks, even after adjustment for humidity, temperature, and UVA in the region, the difference of the two groups in TEWL remained statistically significant (adjusted for humidity and temperature, P = 0.024; adjusted for UVA, P = 0.032; adjusted for temperature, high temperature, and ultraviolet A, P = 0.031). In terms of skin hydration, more improvement was evident in the CTP group than in the control group. In the subgroup analysis, subjects under 50 years of age showed a significant improvement in total score and moisture in the subjective skin improvement questionnaire after taking CTP for 12 weeks. Application of CTP was well-tolerated, and no notable adverse effect was reported from both groups. Discussion: Our findings suggest that oral ingestion of CTP from the Skin of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is well-tolerated and helps reduce water loss in in middle-aged women. Clinical Trial Registration:www.clinicaltrials.gov/, Identifier: NCT03505684.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Tak
- Department of Family Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dae Keun Shin
- Amicogen Inc. Biotech R & D Center, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Ae Hyang Kim
- Amicogen Inc. Biotech R & D Center, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jun Il Kim
- Amicogen Inc. Biotech R & D Center, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Ye Li Lee
- Integrated Research Institute for Natural Ingredients and Functional Foods, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Chang Ko
- Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Yong-Woo Kim
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Sang Yeoup Lee
- Integrated Research Institute for Natural Ingredients and Functional Foods, Yangsan, South Korea.,Family Medicine Clinic and Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea.,Department of Medical Education, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thomas KF, Ross JA, Henson BM, Shin DK, Baldwin KGH, Hodgman SS, Truscott AG. Direct Measurement of the Forbidden 2^{3}S_{1}→3^{3}S_{1} Atomic Transition in Helium. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:013002. [PMID: 32678641 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.013002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present the detection of the highly forbidden 2^{3}S_{1}→3^{3}S_{1} atomic transition in helium, the weakest transition observed in any neutral atom. Our measurements of the transition frequency, upper state lifetime, and transition strength agree well with published theoretical values and can lead to tests of both QED contributions and different QED frameworks. To measure such a weak transition, we develop two methods using ultracold metastable (2^{3}S_{1}) helium atoms: low background direct detection of excited then decayed atoms for sensitive measurement of the transition frequency and lifetime, and a pulsed atom laser heating measurement for determining the transition strength. These methods could possibly be applied to other atoms, providing new tools in the search for ultraweak transitions and precision metrology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K F Thomas
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - J A Ross
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - B M Henson
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - D K Shin
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - K G H Baldwin
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - S S Hodgman
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - A G Truscott
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kang DR, Belal SA, Choe HS, Shin DK, Shim KS. Effect of Kaempferol on Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2) and Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) Protein Expression in BALB/c Mice. IJAAI 2018. [DOI: 10.18502/ijaai.v17i5.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Kaempferol, a phytochemical found in many edible plants, is known to alleviate diseases such as cancer, allergy, and inflammation. The objective of this study was to investigate whether kaempferol could reduce omega-6 and ovalbumin-mediated allergic reactions at lung and trachea in BALB/c mice.
Mice were allocated into five groups: 1) control group (CON); 2) positive control group with orally administration of omega-6 (POS); 3) bovine serum albumin (BSA) sensitization group (with BSA injection and ovalbumin inhalation); 4) BSA+K10 group: BSA injection, 10 μg/g of kaempferol administration and ovalbumin inhalation; and 5) BSA+K20 group: BSA injection, 20 μg/g of kaempferol administration and ovalbumin inhalation.
Results revealed that serum histamine level was the highest (p<0.01) in BSA group. In lung tissue and trachea, cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2) expression was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the BSA group compared to that in other groups. However, phosphorylated cytosolic phospholipase A2 (p-cPLA2) expression in the trachea was not significantly different among groups.
Taken together, results of this study suggest that kaempferol might be useful for alleviating inflammation reaction associated with Cox2 expression. However, the exact mechanism of action involved in the effect of kaempferol on inflammatory response remains unclear.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kang DR, Belal SA, Choe HS, Shin DK, Shim KS. Effect of Kaempferol on Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2) and Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) Protein Expression in BALB/c Mice. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 17:428-435. [PMID: 30518185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Kaempferol, a phytochemical found in many edible plants, is known to alleviate diseases such as cancer, allergy, and inflammation. The objective of this study was to investigate whether kaempferol could reduce omega-6 and ovalbumin-mediated allergic reactions at lung and trachea in BALB/c mice. Mice were allocated into five groups: 1) control group (CON); 2) positive control group with orally administration of omega-6 (POS); 3) bovine serum albumin (BSA) sensitization group (with BSA injection and ovalbumin inhalation); 4) BSA+K10 group: BSA injection, 10 μg/g of kaempferol administration and ovalbumin inhalation; and 5) BSA+K20 group: BSA injection, 20 μg/g of kaempferol administration and ovalbumin inhalation. Results revealed that serum histamine level was the highest (p<0.01) in BSA group. In lung tissue and trachea, cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2) expression was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the BSA group compared to that in other groups. However, phosphorylated cytosolic phospholipase A2 (p-cPLA2) expression in the trachea was not significantly different among groups. Taken together, results of this study suggest that kaempferol might be useful for alleviating inflammation reaction associated with Cox2 expression. However, the exact mechanism of action involved in the effect of kaempferol on inflammatory response remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Rae Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yu DY, Kim SH, Kim JA, Kim IS, Moon YS, Lee SS, Park HC, Jung JH, Chung YH, Shin DK, Nam KC, Choi IS, Cho KK. Effects of Rubus coreanus byproducts on intestinal microbiota and the immune modulation. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 31:429-438. [PMID: 29502392 PMCID: PMC5838349 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective Although the efficacy of Rubus coreanus (RC) byproducts as a feed additive has been recognized, its effects on intestinal microorganisms and the immune system are still unknown. Methods Six-week-old male rats were treated with 0.5% RC (T1), 1.0% RC (T2), and 1.5% RC (T3) for 4 weeks. Results We found that treatment with RC byproducts significantly increased the daily gain of body weight and feed intake. Treg-cell differentiation was enhanced in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen from the rats fed with RC byproducts. Illumina sequencing showed that bacteria in the phylum Firmicutes decreased and while those in the phylum Bacteroidetes increased in RC-treated groups. Particularly, the pathogenic microorganisms in the family Peptococcaceae decreased, and the non-pathogenic families Lachnospiraceae and S24-7 increased. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the RC byproducts increased the lactic acid bacteria Bifidobacterium spp., Oscillospira spp., Leuconostoc citreum, and Weissella cibaria in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion RC byproducts may be effective in immunomodulation by affecting intestinal microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Yoon Yu
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Sung Hak Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jeong A Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - In Sung Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Yang Soo Moon
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Dae Keun Shin
- Berry & Biofood Research Institute, Gochang 56417, Korea
| | - Ki Chang Nam
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Korea
| | - In Soon Choi
- Department of Life Science, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
| | - Kwang Keun Cho
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ro S, Lee HJ, Ahn IA, Shin DK, Lee KB, Yoon CJ, Choi YS. Torsion angle based design of peptidomimetics: a dipeptidic template adopting beta-I turn (Ac-Aib-AzGly--NH(2)). Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:1837-41. [PMID: 11425585 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We have attempted to design a model dipeptide (acetyl dipeptide amide, Ac-CA1-CA2--NH(2)) that can adopt specifically typical torsion angles of the beta-I turn (phi(i+1), psi(i+1), phi(i+2), psi(i+2)=-60 degrees, -30 degrees, -90 degrees, 0 degrees ). The key of the design is the combination of constrained amino acids that prefer to adopt the desired torsion angles. We chose Aib (aminoisobutyric acid) as the first residue of which phi and psi angles must be -60 degrees and -30 degrees, respectively. Then, we selected an azaamino acid as the second residue since previous studies have indicated that they prefer to adopt +/-90 degrees of phi angle and 0 degrees or 180 degrees of psi angle. The conformational preference of the resulting Ac-Aib-AzGly--NH(2) is investigated using ab initio methods. The conformations implying beta-I and beta-I' turns are energetically most favorable, as we expected. Thus, we synthesized the designed molecule on the solid phase considering the future generation of combinatorial libraries using an automatic peptide synthesizer. Then, NMR spectroscopy was carried out to confirm their conformational preference in solution was carried out. The results indicated that the Ac-Aib-AzGly--NH(2) adopt beta-I or beta-I' turns in solution forming an intramolecular hydrogen bonding between Ac--C(O) and terminal NH(2). We believe that such a small peptidomimetic template is highly useful for the design of drug candidates and molecular devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ro
- CrystalGenomics, Inc., 461-6, Jeonmin-dong, Yusong-gu, Taejon 305-390, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jung SW, Kim BS, Park JH, Kim SK, Seo HE, Shin DK, Lee JL, Kim IS, Lee DS, Kim DS. A Case of Primary MALT Lymphoma of the Breast. Cancer Res Treat 2001; 33:269-73. [PMID: 26680796 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2001.33.3.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary malignant lymphoma of the breast is rare. The incidence of primary malignant lymphomas of the breast is 0.04% to 0.5% of all malignant tumors of the breast and 0.07% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and comprises 1.7% of extranodal malignant lymphomas that occur in Western countries. The incidence of mucosa- associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the breast is reported to be between 0% and 75% of all primary malignant breast lymphomas in United States and Japan, but the incidence in Korea is unknown. MALT is characterized by indolent behavior and good has a prognosis. The authors report on a patient who has a primary MALT lymphoma of the breast. She was treated by surgical excision, which was followed by radiation therapy. Histologically, her lymphoma type transformed into a diffuse large B-cell tumor after 10months. She received combination chemotherapy and achieved a complete state of remission. She then underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation along with high dose chemotherapy. To our knowledge, this is the first case report in the literature in Korea.
Collapse
|