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Kitala K, Tanski D, Godlewski J, Krajewska-Włodarczyk M, Gromadziński L, Majewski M. Copper and Zinc Particles as Regulators of Cardiovascular System Function-A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3040. [PMID: 37447366 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper and zinc are micronutrients that play a crucial role in many cellular pathways, act as cofactors in enzymatic systems, and hence, modulate enzyme activity. The regulation of these elements in homeostasis is precisely controlled by various mechanisms. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme requiring both copper and zinc for proper functioning. Additionally, there is an interaction between the concentrations of copper and zinc. Dietary ingestion of large amounts of zinc augments intestinal absorption of this trace element, resulting in copper deficiency secondary to zinc excess. The presence of an overabundance of copper and zinc has a detrimental impact on the cardiovascular system; however, the impact on vascular contractility varies. Copper plays a role in the modulation of vascular remodeling in the cardiac tissue, and the phenomenon of cuproptosis has been linked to the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. The presence of copper has an observable effect on the vasorelaxation mediated by nitric oxide. The maintenance of proper levels of zinc within an organism influences SOD and is essential in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Recently, the effects of metal nanoparticles have been investigated due to their unique characteristics. On the other hand, dietary introduction of metal nanoparticles may result in vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and cellular DNA damage. Copper and zinc intake affect cardiovascular function, but more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kitala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Damian Tanski
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Janusz Godlewski
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Magdalena Krajewska-Włodarczyk
- Department of Mental and Psychosomatic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Leszek Gromadziński
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Michał Majewski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
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Tanski D, Skowronska A, Tanska M, Lepiarczyk E, Skowronski MT. The In Vitro Effect of Steroid Hormones, Arachidonic Acid, and Kinases Inhibitors on Aquaporin 1, 2, 5, and 7 Gene Expression in the Porcine Uterine Luminal Epithelial Cells during the Estrous Cycle. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040832. [PMID: 33917112 PMCID: PMC8067835 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins, which play an important role in water homeostasis in the uterus. According to the literature, the expression of aquaporins in reproductive structures depends on the local hormonal milieu. The current study investigated the effect of selected PKA kinase inhibitor H89 and MAPK kinase inhibitor PD98059, on the expression of AQP1, 2, 5, and 7, and steroid hormones (E2), progesterone (P4), and arachidonic acid (AA) in the porcine endometrium on days 18–20 and 2–4 of the estrous cycle (the follicular phase where estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are secreted increasingly in preparation for estrus and the luteal phase where the ovarian follicles begin the process of luteinization with the formation of the corpus luteum and progesterone secretion, respectively). The luminal epithelial cells were incubated in vitro in the presence of the aforementioned factors. The expression of mRNA was determined by the quantitative real-time PCR technique. In general, in Experiment 1, steroid hormones significantly increased expression of AQP1, 2, and 5 while arachidonic acid increased expression of AQP2 and AQP7. On the other hand, MAPK kinase inhibitor significantly decreased the expression of AQP1 and 5. In Experiment 2, E2, P4, or AA combined with kinase inhibitors differentially affected on AQPs expression. E2 in combination with PKA inhibitor significantly decreased expression of AQP1 but E2 or P4 combined with this inhibitor increased the expression of AQP5 and 7. On the contrary, E2 with PD98059 significantly increased AQP5 and AQP7 expression. Progesterone in combination with MAPK kinase inhibitor significantly downregulated the expression of AQP5 and upregulated AQP7. Arachidonic acid mixed with H89 or PD98059 caused a decrease in the expression of AQP5 and an increase of AQP7. The obtained results indicate that estradiol, progesterone, and arachidonic acid through PKA and MAPK signaling pathways regulate the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 in the porcine luminal epithelial cells in the periovulatory period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Tanski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-752 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.T.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Skowronska
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-752 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.S.); (E.L.)
| | - Malgorzata Tanska
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Ewa Lepiarczyk
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-752 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.S.); (E.L.)
| | - Mariusz T. Skowronski
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.T.); (M.T.S.)
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Tanski D, Skowronska A, Eliszewski M, Gromadzinski L, Kempisty B, Skowronski MT. Changes in Aquaporin 1, 5 and 9 Gene Expression in the Porcine Oviduct According to Estrous Cycle and Early Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082777. [PMID: 32316329 PMCID: PMC7216242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a group of small, integral membrane proteins which play an important role in fluid homeostasis in the reproductive system. In our previous study, we demonstrated AQP1, 5 and 9 protein expression and localization in the porcine oviduct. The presence of these isoforms could suggest their role in the transport of the ovum to the uterus by influencing the epithelial cells’ production of oviductal fluid. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of AQP1, AQP5 and AQP9 in the infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus in the porcine oviduct during the estrous cycle (early luteal phase, days 2–4, medium luteal phase, days 10–12, late luteal phase days 14–16, follicular phase days 18–20) and pregnancy (period before implantation, days 14–16 and after the implantation, days 30–32) using the Real-Time PCR technique. As clearly demonstrated for the first time, AQP1, 5, and 9 gene expression is influenced by the estrus cycle and pregnancy. Furthermore, expression of AQPs in the porcine oviduct may provide the physiological medium that sustains and enhances fertilization and early cleavage-stage embryonic development. Overall, our study provides a characterization of oviduct AQPs, increasing our understanding of fluid homeostasis in the porcine oviduct to successfully establish and maintain pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Tanski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-752 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.T); (M.T.S.); Tel.: +48-662-098-066 (D.T.); +48-607-356-323 (M.T.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Skowronska
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-752 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Maciej Eliszewski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-752 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Leszek Gromadzinski
- II Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
- II Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Mariusz T. Skowronski
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.T); (M.T.S.); Tel.: +48-662-098-066 (D.T.); +48-607-356-323 (M.T.S.)
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Skowronska A, Tanski D, Jaskiewicz L, Skowronski MT. Modulation by steroid hormones and other factors on the expression of aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-5. Vitam Horm 2019; 112:209-242. [PMID: 32061342 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Skowronska
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - D Tanski
- Department of Anatomy and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - L Jaskiewicz
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M T Skowronski
- Veterinary Center, University of Nicolaus Copernicus, Torun, Poland
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Młotkowska P, Tanski D, Eliszewski M, Skowronska A, Nielsen S, Skowronski M. The expression profile of AQP1, AQP5 and AQP9 in granulosa and theca cells of porcine ovarian follicles during oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. J Anim Feed Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/83596/2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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