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Cho Y, Lin K, Lee SH, Yu C, Valle DS, Avery D, Lv J, Jung K, Li L, Smith GD, China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group, Sun D, Chen Z, Millwood IY, Hemani G, Walters RG. Genetic influences on alcohol flushing in East Asian populations. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:638. [PMID: 37875790 PMCID: PMC10594868 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is known that variation in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene family influences the East Asian alcohol flushing response, knowledge about other genetic variants that affect flushing symptoms is limited. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study meta-analysis and heritability analysis of alcohol flushing in 15,105 males of East Asian ancestry (Koreans and Chinese) to identify genetic associations with alcohol flushing. We also evaluated whether self-reported flushing can be used as an instrumental variable for alcohol intake. RESULTS We identified variants in the region of ALDH2 strongly associated with alcohol flushing, replicating previous studies conducted in East Asian populations. Additionally, we identified variants in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) gene region associated with alcohol flushing. Several novel variants were identified after adjustment for the lead variants (ALDH2-rs671 and ADH1B-rs1229984), which need to be confirmed in larger studies. The estimated SNP-heritability on the liability scale was 13% (S.E. = 4%) for flushing, but the heritability estimate decreased to 6% (S.E. = 4%) when the effects of the lead variants were controlled for. Genetic instrumentation of higher alcohol intake using these variants recapitulated known associations of alcohol intake with hypertension. Using self-reported alcohol flushing as an instrument gave a similar association pattern of higher alcohol intake and cardiovascular disease-related traits (e.g. stroke). CONCLUSION This study confirms that ALDH2-rs671 and ADH1B-rs1229984 are associated with alcohol flushing in East Asian populations. Our findings also suggest that self-reported alcohol flushing can be used as an instrumental variable in future studies of alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsu Cho
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Su-Hyun Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dan Schmidt Valle
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Avery
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Keumji Jung
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Gibran Hemani
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK.
| | - Robin G Walters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Walters RG, Millwood IY, Lin K, Schmidt Valle D, McDonnell P, Hacker A, Avery D, Edris A, Fry H, Cai N, Kretzschmar WW, Ansari MA, Lyons PA, Collins R, Donnelly P, Hill M, Peto R, Shen H, Jin X, Nie C, Xu X, Guo Y, Yu C, Lv J, Clarke RJ, Li L, Chen Z. Genotyping and population characteristics of the China Kadoorie Biobank. Cell Genom 2023; 3:100361. [PMID: 37601966 PMCID: PMC10435379 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) is a population-based prospective cohort of >512,000 adults recruited from 2004 to 2008 from 10 geographically diverse regions across China. Detailed data from questionnaires and physical measurements were collected at baseline, with additional measurements at three resurveys involving ∼5% of surviving participants. Analyses of genome-wide genotyping, for >100,000 participants using custom-designed Axiom arrays, reveal extensive relatedness, recent consanguinity, and signatures reflecting large-scale population movements from recent Chinese history. Systematic genome-wide association studies of incident disease, captured through electronic linkage to death and disease registries and to the national health insurance system, replicate established disease loci and identify 14 novel disease associations. Together with studies of candidate drug targets and disease risk factors and contributions to international genetics consortia, these demonstrate the breadth, depth, and quality of the CKB data. Ongoing high-throughput omics assays of collected biosamples and planned whole-genome sequencing will further enhance the scientific value of this biobank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin G. Walters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Iona Y. Millwood
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Dan Schmidt Valle
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Pandora McDonnell
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Alex Hacker
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Daniel Avery
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Ahmed Edris
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Hannah Fry
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Na Cai
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | | | - M. Azim Ansari
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Paul A. Lyons
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Rory Collins
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Peter Donnelly
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Michael Hill
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Richard Peto
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211116, China
| | - Xin Jin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Chao Nie
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Robert J. Clarke
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211116, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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