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Beisang DJ, Smith K, Yang L, Benyumov A, Gilbertsen A, Herrera J, Lock E, Racila E, Forster C, Sandri BJ, Henke CA, Bitterman PB. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that lung mesenchymal progenitor cells in IPF exhibit pathological features early in their differentiation trajectory. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11162. [PMID: 32636398 PMCID: PMC7341888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), there is unrelenting scarring of the lung mediated by pathological mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) that manifest autonomous fibrogenicity in xenograft models. To determine where along their differentiation trajectory IPF MPCs acquire fibrogenic properties, we analyzed the transcriptome of 335 MPCs isolated from the lungs of 3 control and 3 IPF patients at the single-cell level. Using transcriptional entropy as a metric for differentiated state, we found that the least differentiated IPF MPCs displayed the largest differences in their transcriptional profile compared to control MPCs. To validate entropy as a surrogate for differentiated state functionally, we identified increased CD44 as a characteristic of the most entropic IPF MPCs. Using FACS to stratify IPF MPCs based on CD44 expression, we determined that CD44hi IPF MPCs manifested an increased capacity for anchorage-independent colony formation compared to CD44lo IPF MPCs. To validate our analysis morphologically, we used two differentially expressed genes distinguishing IPF MPCs from control (CD44, cell surface; and MARCKS, intracellular). In IPF lung tissue, pathological MPCs resided in the highly cellular perimeter region of the fibroblastic focus. Our data support the concept that IPF fibroblasts acquire a cell-autonomous pathological phenotype early in their differentiation trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Beisang
- University of Minnesota, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Karen Smith
- University of Minnesota, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Libang Yang
- University of Minnesota, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Alexey Benyumov
- University of Minnesota, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Adam Gilbertsen
- University of Minnesota, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Jeremy Herrera
- University of Manchester, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Lock
- University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Division of Biostatistics, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Emilian Racila
- University of Minnesota, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Colleen Forster
- University of Minnesota, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Brian J Sandri
- University of Minnesota, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Craig A Henke
- University of Minnesota, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Peter B Bitterman
- University of Minnesota, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Minneapolis, USA.
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Herrera J, Beisang DJ, Peterson M, Forster C, Gilbertsen A, Benyumov A, Smith K, Korenczuk CE, Barocas VH, Guenther K, Hite R, Zhang L, Henke CA, Bitterman PB. Dicer1 Deficiency in the Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Fibroblastic Focus Promotes Fibrosis by Suppressing MicroRNA Biogenesis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 198:486-496. [PMID: 29579397 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201709-1823oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) mediates progression of fibrosis by decreasing fibroblast expression of miR-29 (microRNA-29), a master negative regulator of ECM production. The molecular mechanism is undefined. IPF-ECM is stiffer than normal. Stiffness drives fibroblast ECM production in a YAP (yes-associated protein)-dependent manner, and YAP is a known regulator of miR-29. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that negative regulation of miR-29 by IPF-ECM was mediated by mechanotransduction of stiffness. OBJECTIVES To determine how IPF-ECM negatively regulates miR-29. METHODS We decellularized lung ECM using detergents and prepared polyacrylamide hydrogels of defined stiffness by varying acrylamide concentrations. Mechanistic studies were guided by immunohistochemistry of IPF lung and used cell culture, RNA-binding protein assays, and xenograft models. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Contrary to our hypothesis, we excluded fibroblast mechanotransduction of ECM stiffness as the primary mechanism deregulating miR-29. Instead, systematic examination of miR-29 biogenesis revealed a microRNA processing defect that impeded processing of miR-29 into its mature bioactive forms. Immunohistochemical analysis of the microRNA processing machinery in IPF lung specimens revealed decreased Dicer1 expression in the procollagen-rich myofibroblastic core of fibroblastic foci compared with the focus perimeter and adjacent alveolar walls. Mechanistically, IPF-ECM increased association of the Dicer1 transcript with RNA binding protein AUF1 (AU-binding factor 1), and Dicer1 knockdown conferred primary human lung fibroblasts with cell-autonomous fibrogenicity in zebrafish and mouse lung xenograft models. CONCLUSIONS Our data identify suppression of fibroblast Dicer1 expression in the myofibroblast-rich IPF fibroblastic focus core as a central step in the mechanism by which the ECM sustains fibrosis progression in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Colleen Forster
- 3 Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Biorepository & Laboratory Services, Histology and Research Laboratory
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lin Zhang
- 5 Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Simones AA, Beisang DJ, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Roberts KD. Mesenchymal stem cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a clinical review. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:308-317. [PMID: 28945702 PMCID: PMC5895100 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in neonatal medicine have led to increased survival of infants born at the limits of viability, resulting in an increased incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD is a chronic lung disease of premature infants characterized by the arrest of alveolarization, fibroblast activation, and inflammation. BPD leads to significant morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period and is one of the leading causes of chronic lung disease in children. The past decade has brought a surge of trials investigating cellular therapies for the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of particular interest because of their ease of isolation, low immunogenicity, and anti-inflammatory and reparative properties. Clinical trials of MSCs have demonstrated short-term safety and tolerability; however, studies have also shown populations of MSCs with adverse pro-inflammatory and myofibroblastic characteristics. Cell-based therapies may represent the next breakthrough therapy for the treatment of BPD, however, there remain barriers to implementation as well as gaps in knowledge of the role of endogenous MSCs in the pathogenesis of BPD. Concurrent high-quality basic science, translational, and clinical studies investigating the fundamental pathophysiology underlying BPD, therapeutic mechanisms of exogenous MSCs, and logistics of translating cellular therapies will be important areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann A. Simones
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Daniel J. Beisang
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Kari D. Roberts
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Halees AS, Hitti E, Al-Saif M, Mahmoud L, Vlasova-St Louis IA, Beisang DJ, Bohjanen PR, Khabar K. Global assessment of GU-rich regulatory content and function in the human transcriptome. RNA Biol 2011; 8:681-91. [PMID: 21691152 DOI: 10.4161/rna.8.4.16283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike AU-rich elements (AREs) that are largely present in the 3'UTRs of many unstable mammalian mRNAs, the function and abundance of GU-rich elements (GREs) are poorly understood. We performed a genome-wide analysis and found that at least 5% of human genes contain GREs in their 3'UTRs with functional over-representation in genes involved in transcription, nucleic acid metabolism, developmental processes, and neurogenesis. GREs have similar sequence clustering patterns with AREs such as overlapping GUUUG pentamers and enrichment in 3'UTRs. Functional analysis using T-cell mRNA expression microarray data confirms correlation with mRNA destabilization. Reporter assays show that compared to AREs the ability of GREs to destabilize mRNA is modest and does not increase with the increasing number of overlapping pentamers. Naturally occurring GREs within U-rich contexts were more potent in destabilizing GFP reporter mRNAs than synthetic GREs with perfectly overlapping pentamers. Overall, we find that GREs bear a resemblance to AREs in sequence patterns but they regulate a different repertoire of genes and have different dynamics of mRNA decay. A dedicated resource on all GRE-containing genes of the human, mouse and rat genomes can be found at brp.kfshrc.edu.sa/GredOrg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anason S Halees
- The BioMolecular Research Program at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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