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Wierońska JM, Sławińska A, Łasoń-Tyburkiewicz M, Gruca P, Papp M, Zorn SH, Doller D, Kłeczek N, Noworyta-Sokołowska K, Gołembiowska K, Pilc A. The antipsychotic-like effects in rodents of the positive allosteric modulator Lu AF21934 involve 5-HT1A receptor signaling: mechanistic studies. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:259-73. [PMID: 25012236 PMCID: PMC4281359 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Diverse preclinical studies suggest the potential therapeutic utility of the modulation of the glutamatergic system in brain via metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors. Lu AF21934, a positive allosteric modulator of the mGlu4 receptor, was previously shown to reverse behavioral phenotypes in animal models thought to mimic positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. OBJECTIVES To begin elucidating the brain circuitry involved in mGlu4 receptor pharmacology and add mechanistic support to Lu AF21934-induced phenotypic responses, the potential involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in these antipsychotic-like effects was explored. The tests used were the following: MK-801-induced hyperactivity and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI)-induced head twitches in mice, for positive symptoms; MK-801-induced disruptions of social interactions for negative symptoms; and novel object recognition and spatial delayed alteration test for cognitive symptoms. The microdialysis studies in which the effect of Lu AF21934 on MK-801-induced dopamine and serotonin release was investigated. RESULTS The effects caused by Lu AF2193 were inhibited by administration of the selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY100635 (0.1 mg/kg). That inhibition was observed across all models used. Moreover, the concomitant administration of sub-effective doses of Lu AF21934 and a sub-effective dose of the selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist tool compound (R)-(+)-8-hydroxy-DPAT hydrobromide (0.01 mg/kg) induced a clear antipsychotic-like effect in all the procedures used. Lu AF21934 (5 mg/kg) also inhibited MK-801-induced increase in dopamine and 5-HT release. CONCLUSIONS The actions of Lu AF21934 are 5-HT1A receptor-dependent. Activation of the mGlu4 receptor may be a promising mechanism for the development of novel antipsychotic drugs, efficacious toward positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Wierońska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Str. 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland,
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Zaniewska M, Przegaliński E, Filip M, Pilc A, Doller D. Inhibitory actions of mGlu4 receptor ligands on cocaine-, but not nicotine-, induced sensitizing and conditioning locomotor responses in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:205-11. [PMID: 24911071 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male Wistar rats were used to verify the hypothesis that metabotropic glutamate 4 (mGlu4) receptor ligands may modulate the locomotor effects evoked by cocaine or nicotine. METHODS The preferential mGlu4 receptor orthosteric agonist (2S)-2-amino-4-[hydroxy[hydroxy(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl]phosphoryl]butanoic acid (LSP1-2111) and the mGlu4 receptor positive allosteric modulator (+)-cis-N(1)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxamide (Lu AF21934) were used in the study. Rats were given repeated pairings of a test environment with cocaine (10mg/kg), nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) or the respective vehicles for 5 days. On day 10, animals were challenged with cocaine (10mg/kg, cocaine sensitization), nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, nicotine sensitization) or vehicle (conditioned hyperlocomotion) in experimental cages. RESULTS Given on day 10, LSP1-2111 (3mg/kg) as well as Lu AF21934 (2.5-5mg/kg) decreased the expression of cocaine sensitization. In another set of experiments, LSP1-2111 (3mg/kg) and Lu AF21934 (5mg/kg) administered on day 10 attenuated the conditioned hyperlocomotion in rats treated repeatedly with cocaine. Neither LSP1-2111 (1-3mg/kg) nor Lu AF21934 (2.5-5mg/kg) changed the expression of nicotine sensitization and conditioned hyperlocomotion in rats treated repeatedly with nicotine. None of the mGlu4 receptor agonist/modulator altered the basal locomotor activity or acute hyperactivity to cocaine or nicotine. CONCLUSIONS The present data indicate that pharmacological stimulation of mGlu4 receptors reduces the cocaine-induced expression of sensitization as well as conditioned hyperactivity. In contrast, mGlu4 receptor activation seems to be devoid of any effect on the locomotor effects of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zaniewska
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Edmund Przegaliński
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Filip
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pilc
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Darío Doller
- Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, USA
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Sławińska A, Wierońska JM, Stachowicz K, Marciniak M, Lasoń-Tyburkiewicz M, Gruca P, Papp M, Kusek M, Tokarski K, Doller D, Pilc A. The antipsychotic-like effects of positive allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate mGlu4 receptors in rodents. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:1824-39. [PMID: 23714045 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Because agonists at metabotropic glutamate receptors exert beneficial effects in schizophrenia, we have assessed the actions of Lu AF21934 and Lu AF32615, two chemically distinct, selective and brain-penetrant positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the mGlu4 receptor, in several tests reflecting positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia in rodents. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Hyperactivity induced by MK-801 or amphetamine and head twitches induced by 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) in mice were used as models for positive symptoms. Disruption of social interaction and spatial delayed alternation tests induced by MK-801 in rats were used as models for negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, respectively. KEY RESULTS Lu AF21934 (0.1-5 mg·kg(-1) ) and Lu AF32615 (2-10 mg·kg(-1) ) dose-dependently inhibited hyperactivity induced by MK-801 or amphetamine. They also antagonized head twitches and increased frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in brain slices, induced by DOI. In mice lacking the mGlu4 receptor (mGlu4 (-/-) ) mice, Lu AF21934 did not antagonize DOI-induced head twitches. MK-801-induced disruption in the social interaction test was decreased by Lu AF21934 at 0.5 mg·kg(-1) and by Lu AF32615 at 10 mg·kg(-1) . In the delayed spatial alternation test, Lu AF21934 was active at 1 and 2 mg·kg(-1) , while Lu AF32615 was active at 10 mg·kg(-1) . CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We propose that activation by PAMs of the mGlu4 receptor is a promising approach to the discovery of novel antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sławińska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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Zhou H, Topiol SW, Grenon M, Jimenez HN, Uberti MA, Smith DG, Brodbeck RM, Chandrasena G, Pedersen H, Madsen JC, Doller D, Li G. Discovery and structure–activity relationship of 1,3-cyclohexyl amide derivatives as novel mGluR5 negative allosteric modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1398-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bennouar KE, Uberti MA, Melon C, Bacolod MD, Jimenez HN, Cajina M, Kerkerian-Le Goff L, Doller D, Gubellini P. Synergy between L-DOPA and a novel positive allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4: implications for Parkinson's disease treatment and dyskinesia. Neuropharmacology 2012; 66:158-69. [PMID: 22491024 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Group III metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are localized in presynaptic terminals within basal ganglia (BG) circuitry that become hyperactive due to dopamine depletion in Parkinson's disease (PD). For this reason, group III mGlu receptors, in particular mGlu4, have been considered as key strategic targets for non-dopaminergic pharmacological treatments aimed at modulating these synapses, without producing the well known side-effects of l-DOPA, in particular the highly disabling l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Herein we add physiological and functional support to this hypothesis using Lu AF21934, a novel selective and brain-penetrant mGlu4 receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM) tool compound. By in vitro electrophysiological recordings we demonstrate that Lu AF21934 inhibits corticostriatal synaptic transmission and enhances the effect of the orthosteric mGlu4 receptor-preferred agonist LSP1-2111. In naïve rats, Lu AF21934 dose-dependently (10 and 30 mg/kg) alleviated haloperidol-induced catalepsy. In hemiparkinsonian rats (unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the substantia nigra pars compacta), Lu AF21934 alone did not affect akinesia at the doses tested (10 and 30 mg/kg). However, when Lu AF21934 was combined with sub-threshold doses of l-DOPA (1 and 5 mg/kg), it acted synergistically in alleviating akinesia in a dose-dependent manner and, notably, also reduced the incidence of LID but not its severity. Interestingly, these effects occurred at Lu AF21934 brain free concentrations that showed functional activity in in vitro screens (calcium flux and electrophysiology assays). These results support the potential for antiparkinsonian clinical use of a combined treatment consisting in l-DOPA and a mGlu4 receptor PAM to reduce efficacious l-DOPA doses (generally known as l-DOPA sparing), while maintaining the same benefit on PD motor troubles, and at the same time minimizing the development of LID. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled-Ezaheir Bennouar
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille-Luminy (IBDML), UMR 7288, 13009 Marseille, France
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6
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Jimenez HN, Liu KG, Hong SP, Reitman MS, Uberti MA, Bacolod MD, Cajina M, Nattini M, Sabio M, Doller D. 4-(1-Phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)quinolines as novel, selective and brain penetrant metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 positive allosteric modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3235-9. [PMID: 22465637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
4-(1-Phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)quinoline (1) was identified by screening the Lundbeck compound collection, and characterized as having mGlu4 receptor positive allosteric modulator properties. Compound 1 is selective over other mGlu receptors and a panel of GPCRs, ion channels and enzymes, but has suboptimal lipophilicity and high plasma and brain non-specific binding. In view of the challenges at the hit-to-lead stage previously reported in the development of mGlu4 receptor positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), a thorough structure-mGlu4 PAM activity relationship study was conducted to interrogate the chemical tractability of this chemotype. The central pyrazole ring tolerates the addition of one or two methyl groups. The C-7 position of the quinoline ring provides a site tolerant to hydrophilic substituents, enabling the design of diverse analogs with good in vitro mGlu4 PAM potency and efficacy, as well as improved microsomal turnover in vitro, compared to 1. In spite of the excellent ligand efficiency of 1 (LE=0.43), optimization of in vitro potency for this series reached a plateau around EC(50)=200 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermogenes N Jimenez
- Chemical & Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Scott D Kuduk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Darío Doller
- Discovery Chemistry & DMPK, Lundbeck Research DK, Valby, Denmark and Neuroinflammation Disease Biology Unit, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey, USA
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Weiss JM, Jimenez HN, Li G, April M, Uberti MA, Bacolod MD, Brodbeck RM, Doller D. 6-Aryl-3-pyrrolidinylpyridines as mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4891-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Hong SP, Liu KG, Ma G, Sabio M, Uberti MA, Bacolod MD, Peterson J, Zou ZZ, Robichaud AJ, Doller D. Tricyclic thiazolopyrazole derivatives as metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 positive allosteric modulators. J Med Chem 2011; 54:5070-81. [PMID: 21688779 DOI: 10.1021/jm200290z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing amount of evidence to support that activation of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGlu4 receptor), either with an orthosteric agonist or a positive allosteric modulator (PAM), provides impactful interventions in diseases such as Parkinson's disease, anxiety, and pain. mGlu4 PAMs may have several advantages over mGlu4 agonists for a number of reasons. As part of our efforts in identifying therapeutics for central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as Parkinson's disease, we have been focusing on metabotropic glutamate receptors. Herein we report our studies with a series of tricyclic thiazolopyrazoles as mGlu4 PAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Phyo Hong
- Chemical & Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, New Jersey 07652, USA
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Li G, Zhou H, Jiang Y, Keim H, Topiol SW, Poda SB, Ren Y, Chandrasena G, Doller D. Design and synthesis of 4-arylpiperidinyl amide and N-arylpiperdin-3-yl-cyclopropane carboxamide derivatives as novel melatonin receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1236-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Yoon T, De Lombaert S, Brodbeck R, Gulianello M, Krause JE, Hutchison A, Horvath RF, Ge P, Kehne J, Hoffman D, Chandrasekhar J, Doller D, Hodgetts KJ. 2-Arylpyrimidines: novel CRF-1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4486-90. [PMID: 18672365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 07/13/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of a novel series of CRF-1 receptor antagonists, the 2-arylpyrimidines, are described. The effects of substitution on the aromatic ring and the pyrimidine core on CRF-1 receptor binding were investigated. A number of compounds with K(i) values below 10 nM and lipophilicity in a minimally acceptable range for a CNS drug (cLogP<5) were discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoung Yoon
- Neurogen Corporation, 35 Northeast Industrial Road, Branford, CT 06405, USA
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12
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Yoon T, De Lombaert S, Brodbeck R, Gulianello M, Chandrasekhar J, Horvath RF, Ge P, Kershaw MT, Krause JE, Kehne J, Hoffman D, Doller D, Hodgetts KJ. The design, synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 1-aryl-4-aminoalkylisoquinolines: a novel series of CRF-1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:891-6. [PMID: 18180159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Revised: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a novel series of CRF-1 receptor antagonist, the 1-aryl-4-alkylaminoisoquinolines, is described. The effects of substitution on the aromatic ring, the amino group and the isoquinoline core on CRF-1 receptor binding were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoung Yoon
- Neurogen Corporation, 35 North East Industrial Road, Branford, CT 06405, USA
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Xia Y, Chackalamannil S, Clasby M, Doller D, Eagen K, Greenlee WJ, Tsai H, Agans-Fantuzzi J, Ahn HS, Boykow GC, Hsieh Y, Lunn CA, Chintala M. Himbacine derived thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonists: SAR of the pyridine ring. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4509-13. [PMID: 17574850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the vinyl pyridine region of himbacine derived thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonists is described. A 2-vinylpyridyl ring substituted with an aryl or a heteroaryl group at the 5-position showed the best overall PAR-1 affinity and pharmacokinetic properties. One of the newly discovered analogs bearing a 5-(3-pyridyl) substituent showed excellent PAR-1 affinity (Ki = 22 nM) and oral activity with reduced ClogP and improved off-target selectivity compared to an earlier development candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xia
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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14
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Xia Y, Chackalamannil S, Chan TM, Czarniecki M, Doller D, Eagen K, Greenlee WJ, Tsai H, Wang Y, Ahn HS, Boykow GC, McPhail AT. Himbacine derived thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonists: Structure–activity relationship of the lactone ring. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4969-72. [PMID: 16824760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2006] [Revised: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the lactone ring of himbacine derived thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonists (e.g., 2-5) is described. The effect of the lactone carbonyl group on binding to PAR-1 is dependent on the substitution pattern of the pyridine ring. A stereoselective intramolecular Michael addition reaction to the vinyl pyridine group was observed for these pyridine analogs of himbacine in basic conditions at elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xia
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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Chackalamannil S, Doller D, McQuade R, Ruperto V. Himbacine analogs as muscarinic receptor antagonists––effects of tether and heterocyclic variations. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:3967-70. [PMID: 15225708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2004] [Accepted: 05/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A number of analogs of the natural product himbacine were synthesized employing variations at the heterocyclic unit and the tether that links the heterocyclic unit to the tricyclic motif. Several of these analogs had M(2) affinity and M(1)/M(2) selectivity comparable to those of himbacine. The structural and stereochemical requirements of the heterocyclic unit for muscarinic binding are discussed in the light of these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Chackalamannil
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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Hodgetts KJ, Yoon T, Huang J, Gulianello M, Kieltyka A, Primus R, Brodbeck R, De Lombaert S, Doller D. 2-Aryl-3,6-dialkyl-5-dialkylaminopyrimidin-4-ones as novel crf-1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:2497-500. [PMID: 12852951 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The discovery, synthesis and structure-activity studies of a novel series of 2-arylpyrimidin-4-ones as CRF-1 receptor antagonists is described. These compounds are structurally simple and display appropriate physical properties for CNS agents
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Hodgetts
- Neurogen Corporation, 35NE Industrial Road, Branford, CT 06405, USA
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Abstract
Protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), also known as thrombin receptor, is present in a variety of cell types such as platelets and endothelial cells. PAR-1 is proteolytically activated by thrombin by cleavage at its extracellular domain, unmasking a new amino terminus, which internally binds to the proximal receptor, eliciting cellular activation. Inhibition of the cellular activation by thrombin is a potentially promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of thrombotic and vascular proliferative disorders such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. Reported herein is the pharmacology of potent, low molecular weight thrombin receptor antagonists from pyrroloquinazoline, benzimidazole, and himbacine series. In the radioligand binding assay, these compounds inhibited PAR-1 in a competitive manner. They also inhibited thrombin and agonist peptide induced human platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, these compounds showed dose-dependent inhibition of agonist-induced cytosolic Ca(+2) transients and thymidine incorporation in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (hCASMC). The most potent compound among these antagonists showed a Ki of 12 nM in the radioligand binding assay and an IC50 of 70 nM in the platelet aggregation inhibition assay.
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Abstract
Several benzimidazole derivatives have been identified as potent thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonists as represented by compound 1h, which showed an IC(50) of 33 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chackalamannil
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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Bruttomesso AC, Doller D, Gros EG. Mechanistic studies of the rearrangements of steroidal 16,17-ketols and syntheses of 20-->16-cis-gamma-carbolactones. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:943-7. [PMID: 10400347 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of 17-keto-androstanes as starting materials for the synthesis of alpha- or beta-oriented steroidal 20-->16-gamma-carbolactones has been explored following two different strategies. A highly efficient, stereospecific protocol has been developed for the beta-oriented cis-gamma-lactone. A different approach, involving prior attachment of a 3-carbon side chain on C-17 of a 17-oxo-16beta-acetoxyandrostane led to the epimeric, alpha-oriented lactone. The mechanism of the rearrangement of epimeric 16beta- or 16alpha-hydroxy-17-keto-androstanes to 17beta-hydroxy-16-keto-androstanes was studied by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The former occurs through a 1,2-sigmatropic H-shift, while the latter is likely to take place by simple enolization-reprotonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Bruttomesso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Doller D, Chackalamannil S, Czarniecki M, McQuade R, Ruperto V. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of himbacine derived muscarinic receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:901-6. [PMID: 10206558 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A parallel synthesis of racemic himbacine analogs was carried out by N-alkylation of various commercially available cyclic amine derivatives with the alkylating agent 4 which bears the tricyclic unit of himbacine. Several of these analogs have potency comparable to that of himbacine, albeit lacking the desired selectivity. Structure-activity relationship studies support the existence of a hydrophobic pocket in the receptor where the piperidine ring of dihydrohimbacine binds.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Doller
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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Chackalamannil S, Davies RJ, Wang Y, Asberom T, Doller D, Wong J, Leone D, McPhail AT. Total Synthesis of (+)-Himbacine and (+)-Himbeline. J Org Chem 1999. [PMID: 11674285 DOI: 10.1021/jo981983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Himbacine (1), a complex piperidine alkaloid isolated from the bark of Australian magnolias, is a promising lead in Alzheimer's disease research due to its potent muscarinic receptor antagonist property. We have described here a highly efficient synthetic strategy that resulted in the total synthesis of himbacine (1) in about 10% overall yield and isohimbacine (1a), an unnatural isomer of himbacine, in 18% overall yield. The total synthesis of himbacine was initially approached using an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction as the key step to generate intermediate 5 followed by a [3 + 2] cycloaddition with nitrone 4 to produce the isoxazolidine derivative 3. Methylation followed by catalytic reduction of 3 gave 12'-hydroxyhimbacine (20), which, upon dehydration, gave isohimbacine (1a) as the sole product. In an alternative approach, an all-encompassing intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of an appropriately substituted tetraene derivative 31, which bears the entire latent carbon framework and functional group substitution of himbacine, gave the desired advanced tricyclic intermediate 33, which was readily converted to (+)-himbeline (2) and (+)-himbacine (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Chackalamannil
- P. M. Gross Chemistry Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346
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Chackalamannil S, Davies RJ, Wang Y, Asberom T, Doller D, Wong J, Leone D, McPhail AT. Total Synthesis of (+)-Himbacine and (+)-Himbeline. J Org Chem 1999; 64:1932-1940. [PMID: 11674285 DOI: 10.1021/jo981983+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Himbacine (1), a complex piperidine alkaloid isolated from the bark of Australian magnolias, is a promising lead in Alzheimer's disease research due to its potent muscarinic receptor antagonist property. We have described here a highly efficient synthetic strategy that resulted in the total synthesis of himbacine (1) in about 10% overall yield and isohimbacine (1a), an unnatural isomer of himbacine, in 18% overall yield. The total synthesis of himbacine was initially approached using an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction as the key step to generate intermediate 5 followed by a [3 + 2] cycloaddition with nitrone 4 to produce the isoxazolidine derivative 3. Methylation followed by catalytic reduction of 3 gave 12'-hydroxyhimbacine (20), which, upon dehydration, gave isohimbacine (1a) as the sole product. In an alternative approach, an all-encompassing intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of an appropriately substituted tetraene derivative 31, which bears the entire latent carbon framework and functional group substitution of himbacine, gave the desired advanced tricyclic intermediate 33, which was readily converted to (+)-himbeline (2) and (+)-himbacine (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Chackalamannil
- P. M. Gross Chemistry Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346
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Abstract
In harmony with our studies on the activation of hydrocarbons by Gif chemistry, we have, in the first part of this paper, studied the mechanism of the lipoxygenase enzymes using soybean lipoxygenase as a model. We have shown with trimethyl phosphite that no free radical is released by the enzyme. In a second part, we have studied the mechanism of the alpha-ketoglutarate dependent enzymes and shown evidence for a mechanism involving the reduction of an intermediate hydroperoxide by the alpha-ketoglutaric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Barton
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station 77843-3255
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Barton DH, Bévière SD, Chavasiri W, Doller D, Hu B. Metal dependence in gif-type reactions. The Cu(II)-catalyzed olefination of saturated hydrocarbons by -butyl hydroperoxide. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)61621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Barton DH, Bévière SD, Chavasiri W, Doller D, Hu B. The Fe(III)-catalyzed functionalization of saturated hydrocarbons by tert-butyl hydroperoxide: Mechanistic studies on the role of dioxygen. Tetrahedron Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)61120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Barton DH, Csuhai É, Doller D. The functionalization of saturated hydrocarbons. Part 23. Gif-type bromination and chlorination of saturated hydrocarbons: a non-radical reaction. Tetrahedron 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)85610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Barton DH, Bévière SD, Chavasiri W, Csuhai É, Doller D. The functionalisation of saturated hydrocarbons. Part XXI. The Fe(III)-catalyzed and the Cu(II)-catalyzed oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons by hydrogen peroxide: a comparative study. Tetrahedron 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)90971-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra for 31 3 beta-hydroxy and acetoxy androstane derivatives bearing vicinal oxygenated functions at ring D with and without oxygenated functions at C-6 are reported. Relative substituent effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Doller
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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33
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Barton DH, Doller D, Geletii YV. The Efficient Oxidation of Alkanes by Hydrogen Peroxide in Pyridine Mixed Solvents Catalysed by Copper and Other Transition Metal Salts. Mendeleev Communications 1991. [DOI: 10.1070/mc1991v001n03abeh000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Barton DH, Csuhai E, Doller D, Ozbalik N, Balavoine G. Mechanism of the selective functionalization of saturated hydrocarbons by Gif systems: relationship with methane monooxygenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:3401-4. [PMID: 2333289 PMCID: PMC53908 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.9.3401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Two intermediates, A and B, have been identified in the selective oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons to ketones by Gif-type systems. Intermediate A has been characterized as an Fev species with a secondary iron sigma-bond to carbon; it is captured by four different reagents or transformed into the second intermediate, B, which hydrolyzes to form a secondary alcohol. A mu-oxo Fe2III dimer is proposed as a basis for Gif-type reactivity. If the first iron is involved in the synthesis of intermediate A, the second is used to oxidize intermediate B intramolecularly to a ketal, which on hydrolysis yields a ketone. The enzyme methane monooxygenase shows a remarkable similarity to Gif-type systems in its selective hydrocarbon oxidation, particularly in the case of adamantane.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Barton
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843
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Barton DH, Csuhai E, Doller D, Ozbalik N, Senglet N. Comparison of gif-type reactivity towards alkanes with standard radical reaction selectivity. Gif oxidation of n-butane and propane. Tetrahedron Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)94704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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