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Le Noci V, Bernardo G, Manenti G, Infante G, Khaleghi Hashemian D, Minoli L, Canesi S, Bianchi F, Triulzi T, Arioli S, De Cecco L, Guglielmetti S, Ambrogi F, Recordati C, Gagliano N, Tagliabue E, Sommariva M, Sfondrini L. Live or Heat-Killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus Aerosolization Decreases Adenomatous Lung Cancer Development in a Mouse Carcinogen-Induced Tumor Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112748. [PMID: 36361537 PMCID: PMC9656640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An immunosuppressive microenvironment in lung concurs to pre-malignant lesions progression to cancer. Here, we explore if perturbing lung microbiota, which contribute to immunosuppression, by antibiotics or probiotic aerosol interferes with lung cancer development in a mouse carcinogen-induced tumor model. Urethane-injected mice were vancomycin/neomycin (V/N)-aerosolized or live or dead L. rhamnosus GG (L.RGG)-aerosolized, and tumor development was evaluated. Transcriptional profiling of lungs and IHC were performed. Tumor nodules number, diameter and area were reduced by live or heat-killed L.RGG, while only a decrease in nodule diameter was observed in V/N-treated lungs. Both L.RGG and V/N reduced Tregs in the lung. In L.RGG-treated groups, the gene encoding the joining chain (J chain) of immunoglobulins was increased, and higher J chain protein and IgA levels were observed. An increased infiltration of B, NK and myeloid-derived cells was predicted by TIMER 2.0. The Kaplan–Meier plotter revealed an association between high levels of J chain mRNA and good prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients that correlated with increased B and CD4 T cells and reduced Tregs and M2 macrophages. This study highlights L.RGG aerosol efficacy in impairing lung cancer growth by promoting local immunity and points to this non-invasive strategy to treat individuals at risk of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Le Noci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarla Bernardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Manenti
- Animal Health and Welfare Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technical Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Infante
- Laboratory of Medical Statistics and Biometry “Giulio A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Trial Organization, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Dariush Khaleghi Hashemian
- Laboratory of Medical Statistics and Biometry “Giulio A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Minoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Canesi
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione Unimi, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- U.O. Laboratorio di Morfologia Umana Applicata, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Tiziana Triulzi
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Arioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Ambrogi
- Laboratory of Medical Statistics and Biometry “Giulio A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Camilla Recordati
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione Unimi, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Gagliano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Sommariva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Sfondrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-2390-3780
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Mari A, Gianolio L, Edefonti V, Khaleghi Hashemian D, Casini F, Bergamaschi F, Sala A, Verduci E, Calcaterra V, Zuccotti GV, Fabiano V. HPV Vaccination in Young Males: A Glimpse of Coverage, Parental Attitude and Need of Additional Information from Lombardy Region, Italy. IJERPH 2022; 19:ijerph19137763. [PMID: 35805445 PMCID: PMC9265455 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Background: In the Lombardy Region, Italy, HPV vaccination is recommended and offered free of charge to 12-years-old males since 2017. The expected vaccination thresholds are still far to be reached. Methods: A cross-sectional survey to investigate parents’ attitudes towards the HPV vaccine and knowledge about HPV was administered to parents of boys aged 6 to 18 years attending a large pediatric hospital for outpatient specialistic evaluations. Two parallel multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for attitude towards HPV vaccination and perceived need for more information about HPV vaccination. Results: A positive attitude towards HPV vaccination was found in 74% of interviewed parents. Knowledge of HPV, having a generally positive attitude toward vaccination, and mothers filling in the survey were positively associated with a positive attitude to the HPV vaccine. Parents’ perceived need for more information about HPV vaccination was positively associated with the child’s age, general positive attitude toward vaccination, Christian religion, and positive attitude toward HPV vaccination; knowing that HPV vaccination is free of charge significantly reduced the risk of asking for more information on HPV vaccination. Conclusions: The majority of parents of male children and adolescents in our study have a positive attitude toward HPV vaccination. Attitude toward HPV vaccination and perceived need for more information on HPV vaccination were directly related to a positive attitude toward vaccines in general. In addition, knowledge of HPV and related pathologies favors a positive attitude toward HPV vaccination. Future health programs should target an even wider diffusion of evidence-based information on vaccines in general and on the HPV vaccine in young males, to support a positive attitude toward vaccines in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mari
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milano, Italy; (A.M.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (E.V.); (V.C.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Laura Gianolio
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milano, Italy; (A.M.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (E.V.); (V.C.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Valeria Edefonti
- Laboratory of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology “G. A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (V.E.); (D.K.H.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Dariush Khaleghi Hashemian
- Laboratory of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology “G. A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (V.E.); (D.K.H.)
| | - Francesca Casini
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milano, Italy; (A.M.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (E.V.); (V.C.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Francesco Bergamaschi
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milano, Italy; (A.M.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (E.V.); (V.C.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Anna Sala
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milano, Italy; (A.M.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (E.V.); (V.C.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milano, Italy; (A.M.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (E.V.); (V.C.); (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20146 Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milano, Italy; (A.M.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (E.V.); (V.C.); (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milano, Italy; (A.M.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (E.V.); (V.C.); (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20147 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milano, Italy; (A.M.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (E.V.); (V.C.); (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20147 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-026-363-5324
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