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Maclaren RE, Lam BL, Fischer MD, Holz FG, Pennesi ME, Birch DG, Sankila EM, Meunier IA, Stepien KE, Sallum JMF, Li J, Yoon D, Panda S, Gow JA. A Prospective, Observational, Noninterventional Clinical Study of Participants With Choroideremia: The NIGHT Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 263:35-49. [PMID: 38311152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The NIGHT study aimed to assess the natural history of choroideremia (CHM), an X-linked inherited chorioretinal degenerative disease leading to blindness, and determine which outcomes would be the most sensitive for monitoring disease progression. DESIGN A prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study. METHODS Males aged ≥18 years with genetically confirmed CHM, visible active disease within the macular region, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≥34 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters at baseline were assessed for 20 months. The primary outcome was the change in BCVA over time at Months 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20. A range of functional and anatomical secondary outcome measures were assessed up to Month 12, including retinal sensitivity, central ellipsoid zone (EZ) area, and total area of fundus autofluorescence (FAF). Additional ocular assessments for safety were performed. RESULTS A total of 220 participants completed the study. The mean BCVA was stable over 20 months. Most participants (81.4% in the worse eye and 77.8% in the better eye) had change from baseline > -5 ETDRS letters at Month 20. Interocular symmetry was low overall. Reductions from baseline to Month 12 were observed (worse eye, better eye) for retinal sensitivity (functional outcome; -0.68 dB, -0.48 dB), central EZ area (anatomical outcome; -0.276 mm2, -0.290 mm2), and total area of FAF (anatomical outcome; -0.605 mm2, -0.533 mm2). No assessment-related serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS Retinal sensitivity, central EZ area, and total area of FAF are more sensitive than BCVA in measuring the natural progression of CHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Maclaren
- From the Oxford Eye Hospital (R.E.M.), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | - Byron L Lam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (B.L.L.), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - M Dominik Fischer
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology (M.D.F.), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank G Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology (F.-G.H.), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mark E Pennesi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute (M.E.P.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - David G Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest (D.G.B.), Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Eeva-Marja Sankila
- Department of Ophthalmology (E.-M.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Isabelle Anne Meunier
- National Reference Centre for Inherited Sensory Diseases (I.A.M.), University of Montpellier, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Kimberly E Stepien
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (K.E.S.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Juliana Maria Ferraz Sallum
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (J.M.F.S.), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jiang Li
- Biogen Inc. (J.L., D.Y., S.P., J.A.G.), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dan Yoon
- Biogen Inc. (J.L., D.Y., S.P., J.A.G.), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sushil Panda
- Biogen Inc. (J.L., D.Y., S.P., J.A.G.), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James A Gow
- Biogen Inc. (J.L., D.Y., S.P., J.A.G.), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Chang DS, Callaway NF, Steffen V, Csaky K, Guymer RH, Birch DG, Patel PJ, Ip M, Gao SS, Briggs J, Honigberg L, Lai P, Ferrara D, Sepah YJ. Macular Sensitivity Endpoints in Geographic Atrophy: Exploratory Analysis of Chroma and Spectri Clinical Trials. Ophthalmol Sci 2024; 4:100351. [PMID: 37869030 PMCID: PMC10587617 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To assess different microperimetry (MP) macular sensitivity outcome measures capturing functional deterioration in eyes with geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Design Patients were included from 2 identically designed, phase III, double-masked, randomized controlled clinical trials, Chroma (NCT02247479) and Spectri (NCT02247531). Participants Patients enrolled were aged ≥ 50 years with bilateral GA and no evidence of previous or active neovascular AMD. Methods Patients were randomized 2:1:2:1 to receive through 96 weeks intravitreal lampalizumab 10 mg every 4 weeks (LQ4W), every 6 weeks (LQ6W), or corresponding sham procedures. For this study, mesopic macular sensitivity of the central 20° was assessed using MP-1 microperimeter at selected sites. Main Outcome Measures Two exploratory endpoints were developed, namely perilesional sensitivity (average of points adjacent to absolute scotomatous points) and responding sensitivity (average of all nonscotomatous points; > 0 dB at baseline) by using customized masks for each patient. These were compared with conventional MP endpoints (mean macular sensitivity and number of absolute scotomatous points). Results Of 1881 Chroma and Spectri participants, 277 agreed to participate in the present study. Of these, 197 (LQ4W, n = 63; LQ6W, n = 68; pooled sham, n = 66) had reliable MP results. Enlargement of GA lesion area by approximately 2 mm2/year across treatment groups was accompanied by deterioration in all MP parameters. There was no difference in worsening of macular sensitivity or absolute scotomatous points among treatment groups. Perilesional and responding sensitivities showed greater decline over time than mean macular sensitivity. Change in GA lesion area at week 48 showed better correlation with perilesional sensitivity (r = -0.17) and responding sensitivity (r = -0.20) than mean macular sensitivity (r = -0.03), while the correlation was highest with the number of absolute scotomatous points (r = 0.37). Conclusions Perilesional or responding macular sensitivity measured by MP should be considered more sensitive endpoints than mean macular sensitivity for monitoring functional decline over time in GA. Although perilesional, responding, and mean macular sensitivity had weak correlation with GA lesion area, the number of absolute scotomatous points may provide additional information on the anatomic/functional correlation. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly S. Chang
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Natalia F. Callaway
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | | | - Karl Csaky
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas
| | - Robyn H. Guymer
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Praveen J. Patel
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ip
- Doheny Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Simon S. Gao
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jayla Briggs
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Phillip Lai
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Yasir J. Sepah
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
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Wang YZ, Juroch K, Chen Y, Ying GS, Birch DG. Deep Learning-Facilitated Study of the Rate of Change in Photoreceptor Outer Segment Metrics in RPGR-Related X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:31. [PMID: 37988107 PMCID: PMC10668621 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.14.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to obtain three-dimensional (3D) photoreceptor outer segment (OS) metrics measurements with the assistance of a deep learning model (DLM) and to evaluate the longitudinal change in OS metrics and associated factors in retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP). Methods The study included 34 male patients with RPGR-associated XLRP who had preserved ellipsoid zone (EZ) within their spectral-domain optical coherence tomography volume scans and an approximate 2-year or longer follow-up. Volume scans were segmented using a DLM with manual correction for EZ and apical retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). OS metrics were measured from 3D EZ-RPE layers of volume scans. Linear mixed-effects models were used to calculate the rate of change in OS metrics and the associated factors, including baseline age, baseline OS metrics, and follow-up duration. Results The mean (standard deviation) of progression rates were -0.28 (0.43) µm/y, -0.73 (0.61) mm2/y, and -0.014 (0.012) mm3/y for OS thickness, EZ area, and OS volume, respectively. In multivariable analysis, the progression rates of EZ area and OS volume were strongly associated with their baseline values, with faster decline in eyes with larger baseline values (P ≤ 0.003), and nonlinearly associated with the baseline age (P ≤ 0.003). OS thickness decline was not associated with its baseline value (P = 0.32). Conclusions These results provide evidence to support using OS metrics as biomarkers to assess the progression of XLRP and as the outcome measures of clinical trials. Given that their progression rates are dependent on their baseline values, the baseline EZ area and OS volume should be considered in the design and statistical analysis of future clinical trials. Deep learning may provide a useful tool to reduce the burden of human graders to analyze OCT scan images and to facilitate the assessment of disease progression and treatment trials for retinitis pigmentosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhong Wang
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Katherine Juroch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Yineng Chen
- Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Gui-Shuang Ying
- Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - David G. Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States
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Duncan JL, Cheng P, Maguire MG, Ayala AA, Birch DG, Cheetham JK, Durham TA, Fahim AT, Hoyng CB, Ishikawa H, Michaelides M, Pennesi ME, Sahel JA, Stingl K, Weng CY. Static Perimetry in the Rate of Progression in USH2A-related Retinal Degeneration (RUSH2A) Study: Assessment Through 2 Years. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 250:103-110. [PMID: 36764426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate disease progression using static perimetry (SP) in patients with USH2A-related retinal degeneration, including Usher syndrome type 2 (USH2) and nonsyndromic autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. DESIGN Prospective, observational cohort study. METHODS A total of 102 patients with biallelic disease-causing sequence variants in USH2A with baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) letter score ≥54 were recruited from 16 clinical sites in Europe and North America. SP, BCVA, full-field stimulus thresholds, spectral domain optical coherence tomography macular scans, and fundus-guided mesopic microperimetry were performed at baseline and annually. The main outcome measures were total hill of vision (VTOT), hill of vision in the central 30° (V30), VTOT minus V30 (VPERIPH), and mean sensitivity. RESULTS The average decline (95% CI) was 2.05 (1.40, 2.70) decibel-steradian (dB-sr)/y for VTOT, 0.48 (0.32, 0.65) dB-sr/y for V30, 1.53 (0.97, 2.08) dB-sr/y for VPERIPH, and 0.55 (0.40, 0.71) dB/y for mean sensitivity. Average percentage decline per year was 8.3 (5.5, 11.1) for VTOT, 5.2 (3.0, 7.4) for V30, 16.0 (9.5, 22.0) for VPERIPH, and 5.1 (3.5, 6.7) for mean sensitivity. Changes from baseline to year 2 in all SP measures were highly correlated (r's ranging from 0.52 [V30 vs VPERIPH] to 0.98 [VTOT vs VPERIPH]). CONCLUSIONS Quantitative measures of SP declined significantly over 2 years in USH2A-related retinal degeneration. The annual percentage rate of change was greatest for VTOT and VPERIPH, whereas V30 and mean sensitivity changed least, reflecting earlier and more severe peripheral degeneration compared with central loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacque L Duncan
- From the University of California, San Francisco (J.L.D.), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peiyao Cheng
- Jaeb Center for Health Research (P.C., M.G.M., A.A.A.), Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Maureen G Maguire
- Jaeb Center for Health Research (P.C., M.G.M., A.A.A.), Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Allison A Ayala
- Jaeb Center for Health Research (P.C., M.G.M., A.A.A.), Tampa, Florida, USA.
| | - David G Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest (D.G.B.), Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Janet K Cheetham
- Foundation Fighting Blindness (J.K.C., T.A.D.), Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | - Todd A Durham
- Foundation Fighting Blindness (J.K.C., T.A.D.), Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | - Abigail T Fahim
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan (A.T.F.), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Radboud University Medical Center (C.B.H.), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (H.I., M.E.P.), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Michel Michaelides
- Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (M.M.), London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark E Pennesi
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (H.I., M.E.P.), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS (J.A.-S.), Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC1423 (J.A.-S.), Paris, France; Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katarina Stingl
- University Eye Hospital, Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen (K.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Center for Rare Eye Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (K.S.), Germany
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Birch DG, Cheetham JK, Daiger SP, Hoyng C, Kay C, MacDonald IM, Pennesi ME, Sullivan LS. Overcoming the Challenges to Clinical Development of X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa Therapies: Proceedings of an Expert Panel. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:5. [PMID: 37294701 PMCID: PMC10270308 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.6.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) is a rare inherited retinal disease manifesting as impaired night vision and peripheral vision loss that progresses to legal blindness. Although several trials of ocular gene therapy for XLRP have been conducted or are in progress, there is currently no approved treatment. In July 2022, the Foundation Fighting Blindness convened an expert panel to examine relevant research and make recommendations for overcoming the challenges and capitalizing on the opportunities in conducting clinical trials of RPGR-targeted therapy for XLRP. Data presented concerned RPGR structure and mutation types known to cause XLRP, RPGR mutation-associated retinal phenotype diversity, patterns in genotype/phenotype relationships, disease onset and progression from natural history studies, and the various functional and structural tests used to monitor disease progression. Panel recommendations include considerations, such as genetic screening and other factors that can impact clinical trial inclusion criteria, the influence of age on defining and stratifying participant cohorts, the importance of conducting natural history studies early in clinical development programs, and the merits and drawbacks of available tests for measuring treatment outcomes. We recognize the need to work with regulators to adopt clinically meaningful end points that would best determine the efficacy of a trial. Given the promise of RPGR-targeted gene therapy for XLRP and the difficulties encountered in phase III clinical trials to date, we hope these recommendations will help speed progress to finding a cure. Translational Relevance Examination of relevant data and recommendations for the successful clinical development of gene therapies for RPGR-associated XLRP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen P. Daiger
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carel Hoyng
- Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mark E. Pennesi
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lori S. Sullivan
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Greenstein VC, Castillejos DS, Tsang SH, Lee W, Sparrow JR, Allikmets R, Birch DG, Hood DC. Monitoring Lesion Area Progression in Stargardt Disease: A Comparison of En Face Optical Coherence Tomography and Fundus Autofluorescence. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:2. [PMID: 37126335 PMCID: PMC10153573 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.5.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare longitudinal changes in en face spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) measurements of ellipsoid zone (EZ) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) loss to changes in the hypoautofluorescent and hyperautofluorescent (AF) areas detected with short-wavelength (SW)-AF in ABCA4-associated retinopathy. Methods SD-OCT volume scans were obtained from 20 patients (20 eyes) over 2.6 ± 1.2 years (range 1-5 years). The EZ, and RPE/Bruch's membrane boundaries were segmented, and en face slab images generated. SubRPE and EZ slab images were used to measure areas of atrophic RPE and EZ loss. These were compared to longitudinal measurements of the hypo- and abnormal AF (hypoAF and surrounding hyperAF) areas. Results At baseline, the en face area of EZ loss was significantly larger than the subRPE atrophic area, and the abnormal AF area was significantly larger than the hypoAF area. The median rate of EZ loss was significantly greater than the rate of increase in the subRPE atrophic area (1.2 mm2/yr compared to 0.5 mm2/yr). The median rate of increase in the abnormal AF area was significantly greater than the increase in the hypoAF area (1.6 mm2/yr compared to 0.6 mm2/yr). Conclusions En face SD-OCT can be used to quantify changes in RPE atrophy and photoreceptor integrity. It can be a complementary or alternative technique to SW-AF with the advantage of monitoring EZ loss. The SW-AF results emphasize the importance of measuring changes in the hypo- and abnormal AF areas. Translational Relevance The findings are relevant to the selection of outcome measures for monitoring ABCA4-associated retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne C. Greenstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David S. Castillejos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen H. Tsang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Winston Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Janet R. Sparrow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rando Allikmets
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Donald C. Hood
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Strauss RW, Ho A, Jha A, Fujinami K, Michaelides M, Cideciyan AV, Audo I, Birch DG, Sadda S, Ip M, West S, Schönbach EM, Kong X, Scholl HPN. Progression of Stargardt Disease as Determined by Fundus Autofluorescence Over a 24-Month Period (ProgStar Report No. 17). Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 250:157-170. [PMID: 36764427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the progression rate of atrophic lesions in Stargardt disease derived from fundus autofluorescence (FAF). DESIGN International, multicenter, prospective cohort study. METHODS A total of 259 participants aged ≥6 years with disease-causing variants in the ABCA4 gene were enrolled from 9 centers and followed over a 24-month period. FAF images were obtained every 6 months, and areas of definitely decreased autofluorescence (DDAF) and decreased autofluorescence (DAF) were quantified. Progression rates were estimated from linear mixed models with time as the independent variable. RESULTS A total of 488 study eyes of 259 participants (88.8% with both eyes) were enrolled and images from 432 eyes were followed for 24 months. The overall estimated progression of DDAF was 0.74 mm2/y (95% CI 0.64-0.85, P < .0001) and that of DAF was 0.64 mm2/y (95% CI 0.57-0.71) over a 24-month period in univariate analysis. Growth rates were strongly dependent on baseline lesion area. After square root transformation, the DDAF growth rate was not dependent on baseline lesion radius (P = .11), whereas the DAF growth rate was dependent (P < .0001). Genotype was not found to significantly impact the growth rate of DDAF or DAF lesions. CONCLUSIONS FAF may serve as a convenient monitoring tool and suitable end point for interventional clinical trials that aim to slow disease progression. DDAF and DAF lesion sizes at baseline are strong predicting factors for lesion area growth and can be partially accounted for by square root transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert W Strauss
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Graz (R.W.S.), Graz, Austria; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (R.W.S., K.F., M.M.), London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology, Kepler University Clinic (R.W.S.), Linz, Austria; Institute of Clinical and Molecular Ophthalmology Basel (IOB) (R.W.S., H.P.N.S.), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Ho
- Doheny Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (A.H., A.J., S.S., M.I.), California, USA
| | - Anamika Jha
- Doheny Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (A.H., A.J., S.S., M.I.), California, USA
| | - Kaoru Fujinami
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (R.W.S., K.F., M.M.), London, United Kingdom; Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division for Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization, Tokyo Medical Center (K.F.), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michel Michaelides
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (R.W.S., K.F., M.M.), London, United Kingdom
| | - Artur V Cideciyan
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (A.V.C.), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Université de Paris 06, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut de la Vision, Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie (CHNO) des Quinze-Vingts (I.A.), Paris, France
| | - David G Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas (D.G.B.), Texas, USA
| | - Srinivas Sadda
- Doheny Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (A.H., A.J., S.S., M.I.), California, USA
| | - Michael Ip
- Doheny Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (A.H., A.J., S.S., M.I.), California, USA
| | - Sheila West
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University (S.W., X.K.), Baltimore, USA
| | - Etienne M Schönbach
- Shiley Eye Institute and Jacobs Retina Center, University of California, San Diego (E.M.S.), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Xiangrong Kong
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University (S.W., X.K.), Baltimore, USA
| | - Hendrik P N Scholl
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Ophthalmology Basel (IOB) (R.W.S., H.P.N.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel (H.P.N.S.), Basel, Switzerland.
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Lad EM, Duncan JL, Liang W, Maguire MG, Ayala AR, Audo I, Birch DG, Carroll J, Cheetham JK, Durham TA, Fahim AT, Loo J, Deng Z, Mukherjee D, Heon E, Hufnagel RB, Guan B, Iannaccone A, Jaffe GJ, Kay CN, Michaelides M, Pennesi ME, Vincent A, Weng CY, Farsiu S. Baseline Microperimetry and OCT in the RUSH2A Study: Structure-Function Association and Correlation With Disease Severity. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 244:98-116. [PMID: 36007554 PMCID: PMC9712171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate baseline mesopic microperimetry (MP) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the Rate of Progression in USH2A-related Retinal Degeneration (RUSH2A) study. DESIGN Natural history study METHODS: Setting: 16 clinical sites in Europe and North AmericaStudy Population: Participants with Usher syndrome type 2 (USH2) (N = 80) or autosomal recessive nonsyndromic RP (ARRP) (N = 47) associated with biallelic disease-causing sequence variants in USH2AObservation Procedures: General linear models were used to assess characteristics including disease duration, MP mean sensitivity and OCT intact ellipsoid zone (EZ) area. The associations between mean sensitivity and EZ area with other measures, including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CST) within the central 1 mm, were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mean sensitivity on MP; EZ area and CST on OCT. RESULTS All participants (N = 127) had OCT, while MP was obtained at selected sites (N = 93). Participants with Usher syndrome type 2 (USH2, N = 80) and nonsyndromic autosomal recessive Retinitis Pigmentosa (ARRP, N = 47) had the following similar measurements: EZ area (median (interquartile range [IQR]): 1.4 (0.4, 3.1) mm2 vs 2.3 (0.7, 5.7) mm2) and CST (median (IQR): 247 (223, 280) µm vs 261 (246, 288), and mean sensitivity (median (IQR): 3.5 (2.1, 8.4) dB vs 5.1 (2.9, 9.0) dB). Longer disease duration was associated with smaller EZ area (P < 0.001) and lower mean sensitivity (P = 0.01). Better BCVA, larger EZ area, and larger CST were correlated with greater mean sensitivity (r > 0.3 and P < 0.01). Better BCVA and larger CST were associated with larger EZ area (r > 0.6 and P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Longer disease duration correlated with more severe retinal structure and function abnormalities, and there were associations between MP and OCT metrics. Monitoring changes in retinal structure-function relationships during disease progression will provide important insights into disease mechanism in USH2A-related retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora M Lad
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacque L Duncan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wendi Liang
- Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Isabelle Audo
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC1423, Paris, France
| | - David G Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Todd A Durham
- Foundation Fighting Blindness, Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | - Abigail T Fahim
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jessica Loo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zengtian Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dibyendu Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elise Heon
- University of Toronto and Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Bin Guan
- National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alessandro Iannaccone
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Glenn J Jaffe
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Michel Michaelides
- Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (M.M.), London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark E Pennesi
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ajoy Vincent
- University of Toronto and Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sina Farsiu
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Pennesi ME, Yang P, Birch DG, Weng CY, Moore AT, Iannaccone A, Comander JI, Jayasundera T, Chulay J. Intravitreal Delivery of rAAV2tYF-CB-hRS1 Vector for Gene Augmentation Therapy in Patients with X-Linked Retinoschisis: 1-Year Clinical Results. Ophthalmol Retina 2022; 6:1130-1144. [PMID: 35781068 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of rAAV2tYF-CB-hRS1, a recombinant adeno-associated virus vector expressing retinoschisin (RS1), in individuals with retinal disease caused by mutations in the RS1 gene. DESIGN Open-label, phase I/II dose-escalation clinical trial. SUBJECTS Twenty-two adults and 5 children with X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS), aged 10 to 79 years, were enrolled. METHODS The participants received an intravitreal (IVT) injection of rAAV2tYF-CB-hRS1, at 1 of 3 dose levels, in the poorer-seeing eye and were followed up for a minimum of 1 year after treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary safety measures were local (ocular) or systemic (nonocular) adverse events (AEs) during the 12-month period after study agent administration. Efficacy was assessed based on measures of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), schisis cavity volume, static perimetry visual field testing, and electroretinography (ERG). RESULTS The IVT administration of rAAV2tYF-CB-hRS1 was generally safe at each of the dose levels. There were no AEs resulting in early termination, and no dose-limiting toxicities were reported. The most common ocular AEs observed were related to ocular inflammation (blurred vision, visual impairment, and the presence of vitreous cells, keratic precipitates, vitreous floaters, anterior chamber cells, and vitreous haze). Ocular inflammation was generally either mild or moderate in severity and responsive to standard immunosuppressive therapy, except in 3 participants (all in the highest-dose group) who developed chronic uveitis, which required prolonged therapy. Two patients experienced retinal detachments. There was no overall improvement in BCVA, visual fields, or ERG in the study eye compared with that in the fellow eye for any dose group. Variable changes in the cystic cavity volume over time were similar in the study and fellow eyes. CONCLUSIONS Gene augmentation therapy with rAAV2tYF-CB-hRS1 for XLRS was generally safe and well tolerated but failed to demonstrate a measurable treatment effect. The clinical trial is ongoing through 5 years of follow-up to assess its long-term safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Edward Pennesi
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas; Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Duke Eye Center, Duke Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts; Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation, Alachua, Florida.
| | - Paul Yang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas; Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Duke Eye Center, Duke Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts; Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation, Alachua, Florida
| | - David G Birch
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas; Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Duke Eye Center, Duke Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts; Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation, Alachua, Florida
| | - Christina Y Weng
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas; Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Duke Eye Center, Duke Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts; Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation, Alachua, Florida
| | - Anthony T Moore
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas; Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Duke Eye Center, Duke Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts; Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation, Alachua, Florida
| | - Alessandro Iannaccone
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas; Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Duke Eye Center, Duke Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts; Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation, Alachua, Florida
| | - Jason I Comander
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas; Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Duke Eye Center, Duke Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts; Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation, Alachua, Florida
| | - Thiran Jayasundera
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas; Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Duke Eye Center, Duke Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts; Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation, Alachua, Florida
| | - Jeffrey Chulay
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas; Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Duke Eye Center, Duke Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts; Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation, Alachua, Florida
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- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas; Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Duke Eye Center, Duke Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts; Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation, Alachua, Florida
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Wang YZ, Birch DG. Performance of Deep Learning Models in Automatic Measurement of Ellipsoid Zone Area on Baseline Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Images From the Rate of Progression of USH2A-Related Retinal Degeneration (RUSH2A) Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:932498. [PMID: 35865175 PMCID: PMC9294240 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.932498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposePreviously, we have shown the capability of a hybrid deep learning (DL) model that combines a U-Net and a sliding-window (SW) convolutional neural network (CNN) for automatic segmentation of retinal layers from OCT scan images in retinitis pigmentosa (RP). We found that one of the shortcomings of the hybrid model is that it tends to underestimate ellipsoid zone (EZ) width or area, especially when EZ extends toward or beyond the edge of the macula. In this study, we trained the model with additional data which included more OCT scans having extended EZ. We evaluated its performance in automatic measurement of EZ area on SD-OCT volume scans obtained from the participants of the RUSH2A natural history study by comparing the model’s performance to the reading center’s manual grading.Materials and MethodsDe-identified Spectralis high-resolution 9-mm 121-line macular volume scans as well as their EZ area measurements by a reading center were transferred from the management center of the RUSH2A study under the data transfer and processing agreement. A total of 86 baseline volume scans from 86 participants of the RUSH2A study were included to evaluate two hybrid models: the original RP240 model trained on 480 mid-line B-scans from 220 patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and 20 participants with normal vision from a single site, and the new RP340 model trained on a revised RP340 dataset which included RP240 dataset plus an additional 200 mid-line B-scans from another 100 patients with RP. There was no overlap of patients between training and evaluation datasets. EZ and apical RPE in each B-scan image were automatically segmented by the hybrid model. EZ areas were determined by interpolating the discrete 2-dimensional B-scan EZ-RPE layer over the scan area. Dice similarity, correlation, linear regression, and Bland-Altman analyses were conducted to assess the agreement between the EZ areas measured by the hybrid model and by the reading center.ResultsFor EZ area > 1 mm2, average dice coefficients ± SD between the EZ band segmentations determined by the DL model and the manual grading were 0.835 ± 0.132 and 0.867 ± 0.105 for RP240 and RP340 hybrid models, respectively (p < 0.0005; n = 51). When compared to the manual grading, correlation coefficients (95% CI) were 0.991 (0.987–0.994) and 0.994 (0.991–0.996) for RP240 and RP340 hybrid models, respectively. Linear regression slopes (95% CI) were 0.918 (0.896–0.940) and 0.995 (0.975–1.014), respectively. Bland-Altman analysis revealed a mean difference ± SD of -0.137 ± 1.131 mm2 and 0.082 ± 0.825 mm2, respectively.ConclusionAdditional training data improved the hybrid model’s performance, especially reducing the bias and narrowing the range of the 95% limit of agreement when compared to manual grading. The close agreement of DL models to manual grading suggests that DL may provide effective tools to significantly reduce the burden of reading centers to analyze OCT scan images. In addition to EZ area, our DL models can also provide the measurements of photoreceptor outer segment volume and thickness to further help assess disease progression and to facilitate the study of structure and function relationship in RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhong Wang
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Yi-Zhong Wang,
| | - David G. Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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11
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Loo J, Jaffe GJ, Duncan JL, Birch DG, Farsiu S. VALIDATION OF A DEEP LEARNING-BASED ALGORITHM FOR SEGMENTATION OF THE ELLIPSOID ZONE ON OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IMAGES OF AN USH2A-RELATED RETINAL DEGENERATION CLINICAL TRIAL. Retina 2022; 42:1347-1355. [PMID: 35174801 PMCID: PMC9232868 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the generalizability of a deep learning-based algorithm to segment the ellipsoid zone (EZ). METHODS The dataset consisted of 127 spectral-domain optical coherence tomography volumes from eyes of participants with USH2A-related retinal degeneration enrolled in the RUSH2A clinical trial (NCT03146078). The EZ was segmented manually by trained readers and automatically by deep OCT atrophy detection, a deep learning-based algorithm originally developed for macular telangiectasia Type 2. Performance was evaluated using the Dice similarity coefficient between the segmentations, and the absolute difference and Pearson's correlation of measurements of interest obtained from the segmentations. RESULTS With deep OCT atrophy detection, the average (mean ± SD, median) Dice similarity coefficient was 0.79 ± 0.27, 0.90. The average absolute difference in total EZ area was 0.62 ± 1.41, 0.22 mm2 with a correlation of 0.97. The average absolute difference in the maximum EZ length was 222 ± 288, 126 µm with a correlation of 0.97. CONCLUSION Deep OCT atrophy detection segmented EZ in USH2A-related retinal degeneration with good performance. The algorithm is potentially generalizable to other diseases and other biomarkers of interest as well, which is an important aspect of clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Loo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Glenn J Jaffe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jacque L Duncan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | | | - Sina Farsiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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12
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Kong X, Ibrahim-Ahmed M, Bittencourt MG, Strauss RW, Birch DG, Cideciyan AV, Ervin AM, Ho A, Sunness JS, Audo IS, Michaelides M, Zrenner E, Sadda S, Ip MS, West S, Scholl HPN. Longitudinal Changes in Scotopic and Mesopic Macular Function as Assessed with Microperimetry in Patients With Stargardt Disease: SMART Study Report No. 2. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 236:32-44. [PMID: 34695402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate and compare cross-sectional scotopic versus mesopic macular sensitivity losses measured by microperimetry, and to report and compare the longitudinal rates of scotopic and mesopic macular sensitivity losses in ABCA4 gene-associated Stargardt disease (STGD1). DESIGN This was a multicenter prospective cohort study. METHODS Participants comprised 127 molecularly confirmed STGD1 patients enrolled from 6 centers in the United States and Europe and followed up every 6 months for up to 2 years. The Nidek MP-1S device was used to measure macular sensitivities of the central 20° under mesopic and scotopic conditions. The mean deviations (MD) from normal for mesopic macular sensitivity for the fovea (within 2° eccentricity) and extrafovea (4°-10° eccentricity), and the MD for scotopic sensitivity for the extrafovea, were calculated. Linear mixed effects models were used to estimate mesopic and scotopic changes. Main outcome measures were baseline mesopic mean deviation (mMD) and scotopic MD (sMD) and rates of longitudinal changes in the mMDs and sMD. RESULTS At baseline, all eyes had larger sMD, and the difference between extrafoveal sMD and mMD was 10.7 dB (P < .001). Longitudinally, all eyes showed a statistically significant worsening trend: the rates of foveal mMD and extrafoveal mMD and sMD changes were 0.72 (95% CI = 0.37-1.07), 0.86 (95% CI = 0.58-1.14), and 1.12 (95% CI = 0.66-1.57) dB per year, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In STGD1, in extrafovea, loss of scotopic macular function preceded and was faster than the loss of mesopic macular function. Scotopic and mesopic macular sensitivities using microperimetry provide alternative visual function outcomes for STGD1 treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Kong
- Wilmer Eye Institute at the Johns Hopkins University (X.K., M.G.B., A.-M.E., S.W., H.P.N.S.), Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Biostatistics (X.K.), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Epidemiology (X.K., A.-M.E.), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Health Behavior and Society (X.K.), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | | | - Millena G Bittencourt
- Wilmer Eye Institute at the Johns Hopkins University (X.K., M.G.B., A.-M.E., S.W., H.P.N.S.), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rupert W Strauss
- Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (R.W.S., M.M.), London, UK; Department of Ophthalmology (R.W.S.), Kepler University Clinic, Linz, Linz, Austria; Department of Ophthalmology (R.W.S.), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - David G Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest (D.G.B.), Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Artur V Cideciyan
- Scheie Eye Institute (A.V.C.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ann-Margaret Ervin
- Wilmer Eye Institute at the Johns Hopkins University (X.K., M.G.B., A.-M.E., S.W., H.P.N.S.), Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Epidemiology (X.K., A.-M.E.), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander Ho
- Doheny Image Reading Center (A.H., S.V.S., M.S.I.), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Janet S Sunness
- Greater Baltimore Medical Center (J.S.S.), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Isabelle S Audo
- CHNO des Quinze-Vingts (I.S.A.), DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Michel Michaelides
- Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (R.W.S., M.M.), London, UK
| | - Eberhart Zrenner
- Universitäts-Augenklinik (E.Z.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - SriniVas Sadda
- Doheny Image Reading Center (A.H., S.V.S., M.S.I.), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael S Ip
- Doheny Image Reading Center (A.H., S.V.S., M.S.I.), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sheila West
- Wilmer Eye Institute at the Johns Hopkins University (X.K., M.G.B., A.-M.E., S.W., H.P.N.S.), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hendrik P N Scholl
- Wilmer Eye Institute at the Johns Hopkins University (X.K., M.G.B., A.-M.E., S.W., H.P.N.S.), Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB) (H.P.N.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology (H.P.N.S.), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Birch DG, Samarakoon L, Melia M, Duncan JL, Ayala AR, Audo I, Cheetham JK, Durham TA, Iannaccone A, Pennesi ME, Stingl K. The RUSH2A Study: Dark-Adapted Visual Fields in Patients With Retinal Degeneration Associated With Biallelic Variants in the USH2A Gene. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:17. [PMID: 35293952 PMCID: PMC8944389 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.3.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To measure visual fields using two-color dark-adapted chromatic perimetry in a subset of participants in the Rate of Progression of USH2A-related Retinal Degeneration (RUSH2A), a study of USH2A-mediated syndromic (USH2) and autosomal recessive nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa, determine percentage retaining rod function, and explore relationships between dark-adapted visual fields (DAVF) and rod function from ERG and full-field stimulus thresholds (FST). Methods Full-field rod mean sensitivity, number of rod loci, maximum sensitivity, DAVF full-field hill of vision (DAVF VTOT), and 30° hill of vision (DAVF V30) were measured in one eye for DAVF ancillary study participants (n = 49). Loci where cyan relative to red sensitivity was more than 5 dB on dark-adapted chromatic perimetry were considered rod mediated. Correlation coefficients between the DAVF measures and standard clinical measures were estimated, as were kappa statistics (κ) for agreement between DAVF and other measures of rod function. Results Of 49 participants tested with DAVF, 38 (78%) had evidence of rod function, whereas 15 (31%) had measurable rod ERGs. DAVF maximum sensitivity was highly correlated with FST white thresholds (r = -0.80; P < .001). Although not statistically significant, the number of rod loci and DAVF VTOT were lower in eyes with longer disease duration by 0.82 (95% confidence interval, -1.76, 0.12) loci/year and 0.59 (95% confidence interval, -1.82, 0.64) dB-steradians/year, respectively. Conclusions Rod-mediated function on FST and DAVF is present in many patients with symptomatic USH2A-related retinal degeneration, including some without measurable rod ERGs. RUSH2A longitudinal data will determine how these measures change with disease progression and whether they are useful for longitudinal studies in inherited retinal degenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | | | - Michele Melia
- Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Jacque L Duncan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Allison R Ayala
- Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France.,Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC1423, Paris, France
| | - Janet K Cheetham
- Foundation Fighting Blindness, Columbia, Maryland, United States
| | - Todd A Durham
- Foundation Fighting Blindness, Columbia, Maryland, United States
| | - Alessandro Iannaccone
- Duke University Medical School, Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Mark E Pennesi
- Casey Eye Institute - Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Katarina Stingl
- University Eye Hospital, Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Eye Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Audo I, Birch DG, Thiran Jayasundera K, Meunier I, Huckfeldt RM, Koenekoop RK, Yang P, Cock EPM, Dahler EC, Taylor J, Shams N, Girach A. QR‐421a RNA therapy in retinitis pigmentosa due to mutations in USH2A: Stellar trial Phase[AP1] 1b/2 interim results. Acta Ophthalmol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2022.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Audo
- Sorbonne Université INSERM, CNRS Institut de la vision Paris France
- CHNO des Quinze‐Vingts DHU Sight Restore INSERM‐DGOS CIC 1423 Paris France
- Institute of Ophthalmology University College of London London UK
| | | | - K. Thiran Jayasundera
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences W. K. Kellogg Eye Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Isabelle Meunier
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INSERM Montpellier University Montpellier France
- National Reference Centre for Inherited Sensory Diseases Montpellier University CHU, Montpellier France
| | - Rachel M. Huckfeldt
- Department of Ophthalmology Harvard Medical School Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Boston MA USA
| | - Robert K. Koenekoop
- 9Department of Pediatric Surgery Montreal Children's Hospital McGill University and McGill University Health Centre Research Institute Montreal QC Canada
- Department of Human Genetics and Ophthalmology Montreal Children's Hospital McGill University and McGill University Health Centre Research Institute Montreal QC Canada
| | - Paul Yang
- Casey Eye Institute Oregon Health & Science University Portland OR USA
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15
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Girach A, Audo I, Birch DG, Huckfeldt RM, Lam BL, Leroy BP, Michaelides M, Russell SR, Sallum JM, Stingl K, Tsang SH, Yang P. RNA-based therapies in inherited retinal diseases. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2022; 14:25158414221134602. [PMID: 36388727 PMCID: PMC9643766 DOI: 10.1177/25158414221134602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous group of genetic eye disorders. There are more than 300 disease entities, and together this group of disorders affects millions of people globally and is a frequent cause of blindness or low-vision certification. However, each type is rare or ultra-rare. Characteristically, the impaired vision in IRDs is due to retinal photoreceptor dysfunction and loss resulting from mutation in a gene that codes for a retinal protein. Historically, IRDs have been considered incurable and individuals living with these blinding conditions could be offered only supportive care. However, the treatment landscape for IRDs is beginning to evolve. Progress is being made, driven by improvements in understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships, through advances in molecular genetic testing and retinal imaging. Alongside this expanding knowledge of IRDs, the current era of precision medicine is fueling a growth in targeted therapies. This has resulted in the first treatment for an IRD being approved. Several other therapies are currently in development in the IRD space, including RNA-based therapies, gene-based therapies (such as augmentation therapy and gene editing), cell therapy, visual prosthetics, and optogenetics. RNA-based therapies are a novel approach within precision medicine that have demonstrated success, particularly in rare diseases. Three antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) are currently in development for the treatment of specific IRD subtypes. These RNA-based therapies bring several key advantages in the setting of IRDs, and the potential to bring meaningful vision benefit to individuals living with inherited blinding disorders. This review will examine the increasing breadth and relevance of RNA-based therapies in clinical medicine, explore the key features that make AONs suitable for treating genetic eye diseases, and provide an overview of the three-leading investigational AONs in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniz Girach
- ProQR Therapeutics, Zernikedreef 9, 2333 CK
Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Centre Hospitalier National d’Ophtalmologie des
Quinze-Vingts, Centre de référence maladies rares REFERET and INSERM-DHOS
CIC 1423, CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College
London, London, UK
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de
la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Rachel M. Huckfeldt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical
School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Byron L. Lam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of
Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Bart P. Leroy
- Department of Ophthalmology & Center for
Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital & Ghent University, Ghent,
Belgium
- Division of Ophthalmology & Center for
Cellular & Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michel Michaelides
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University
College London and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Stephen R. Russell
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision
Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Juliana M.F. Sallum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade
Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Genética Ocular, São Paulo,
Brazil
| | - Katarina Stingl
- Center for Ophthalmology, University Eye
Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Rare Eye Diseases, University of
Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephen H. Tsang
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care and Bernard and
Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Vagelos
College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY,
USA
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New
York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Yang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health &
Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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16
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Schönbach EM, Strauss RW, Cattaneo ME, Fujinami K, Birch DG, Cideciyan AV, Sunness JS, Zrenner E, Sadda SR, Scholl HP. Longitudinal Changes of Fixation Stability and Location Within 24 Months in Stargardt Disease: ProgStar Report No. 16. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 233:78-89. [PMID: 34298008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stargardt disease type 1 (STGD1) is the most common macular dystrophy. The assessment of fixation describes an important dimension of visual function, but data on its progression over time are limited. We present longitudinal changes and investigate its usefulness for clinical trials. DESIGN International, multicenter, prospective cohort study. METHODS Included were 239 individuals with genetically confirmed STGD1 (one or more disease-causing ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 4 [ABCA4] variant). We determined the fixation stability (FS) using 1 SD of the bivariate contour ellipse area (1 SD-BCEA) and fixation location (FL) using the eccentricity of fixation from the fovea during five study visits every 6 months. RESULTS At baseline, 239 patients (105 males [44%]) and 459 eyes, with a median age of 32 years, were included. The baseline mean logBCEA was 0.70 ± 1.41 log deg2 and the mean FL was 6.25° ± 4.40°. Although the mean logBCEA did not monotonically increase from visit to visit, the overall yearly increase in the logBCEA was 0.124 log deg2 (95% CI, 0.063-0.185 log deg2). The rate of change was not different between the 2 years but increased faster in eyes without flecks outside of the vascular arcades and depended on baseline logBCEA. FL did not change statistically significantly over time. CONCLUSIONS Fixation parameters are unlikely to be sensitive outcome measures for clinical trials in STGD1 but may provide useful ancillary information in selected cases to longitudinally describe and understand an eye's visual function.
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17
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Wang YZ, Wu W, Birch DG. A Hybrid Model Composed of Two Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for Automatic Retinal Layer Segmentation of OCT Images in Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP). Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:9. [PMID: 34751740 PMCID: PMC8590180 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.13.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We propose and evaluate a hybrid model composed of two convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with different architectures for automatic segmentation of retina layers in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) B-scans of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Methods The hybrid model consisted of a U-Net for initial semantic segmentation and a sliding-window (SW) CNN for refinement by correcting the segmentation errors of U-Net. The U-Net construction followed Ronneberger et al. (2015) with an input image size of 256 × 32. The SW model was similar to our previously reported approach. Training image patches were generated from 480 horizontal midline B-scans obtained from 220 patients with RP and 20 normal participants. Testing images were 160 midline B-scans from a separate group of 80 patients with RP. The Spectralis segmentation of B-scans was manually corrected for the boundaries of the inner limiting membrane, inner nuclear layer, ellipsoid zone (EZ), retinal pigment epithelium, and Bruch's membrane by one grader for the training set and two for the testing set. The trained U-Net and SW, as well as the hybrid model, were used to classify all pixels in the testing B-scans. Bland–Altman and correlation analyses were conducted to compare layer boundary lines, EZ width, and photoreceptor outer segment (OS) length and area determined by the models to those by human graders. Results The mean times to classify a B-scan image were 0.3, 65.7, and 2.4 seconds for U-Net, SW, and the hybrid model, respectively. The mean ± SD accuracies to segment retinal layers were 90.8% ± 4.8% and 90.7% ± 4.0% for U-Net and SW, respectively. The hybrid model improved mean ± SD accuracy to 91.5% ± 4.8% (P < 0.039 vs. U-Net), resulting in an improvement in layer boundary segmentation as revealed by Bland–Altman analyses. EZ width, OS length, and OS area measured by the models were highly correlated with those measured by the human graders (r > 0.95 for EZ width; r > 0.83 for OS length; r > 0.97 for OS area; P < 0.05). The hybrid model further improved the performance of measuring retinal layer thickness by correcting misclassification of retinal layers from U-Net. Conclusions While the performances of U-Net and the SW model were comparable in delineating various retinal layers, U-Net was much faster than the SW model to segment B-scan images. The hybrid model that combines the two improves automatic retinal layer segmentation from OCT images in RP. Translational Relevance A hybrid deep machine learning model composed of CNNs with different architectures can be more effective than either model separately for automatic analysis of SD-OCT scan images, which is becoming increasingly necessary with current high-resolution, high-density volume scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhong Wang
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wenxuan Wu
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David G Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
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18
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Schönbach EM, Janeschitz-Kriegl L, Strauss RW, Cattaneo ME, Fujinami K, Birch DG, Cideciyan AV, Sunness JS, Weleber RG, Ip MS, Sadda SR, Scholl HP. The Progression of Stargardt Disease Using Volumetric Hill of Vision Analyses Over 24 Months: ProgStar Report No.15. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 230:123-133. [PMID: 33951446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the yearly rate of change in macular function in patients with Stargardt disease type 1 (STGD1) over 24 months and to establish a new volumetric visual function index for use in clinical trials investigating the efficacy on retinal sensitivity. METHODS Design: International, multicenter, prospective cohort study with 5 study visits every 6 months over 24 months. PARTICIPANTS A total of 233 individuals with genetically confirmed STGD1 (≥1 disease-causing ABCA4 variant). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The total volume (VTOT) beneath the sensitivity surface of a 3-D model of the hill of vision and mean sensitivity (MS) derived from mesopic microperimetry performed with a white stimulus. Changes of VTOT over time and its correlation with the ABCA4 genotype and baseline features. RESULTS At baseline, 440 eyes (233 patients) with a mean (SD) age of 33.7 (15.0) years, mean (SD) visual acuity of 46.08 (16.03) ETDRS letters were analyzed with an average VTOT of 0.91 decibel-steradian (dB-sr) and an MS of 10.73 dB. The overall mean rate of decrease in sensitivity [95% confidence interval] was 0.077 [0.064, 0.090] dB-sr/y for VTOT and 0.87 [0.72, 1.02] dB/year for MS. The progression rate of VTOT depended on baseline visual function (0.029 dB-sr/year for low and 0.120 dB-sr/year for high baseline VTOT; P < .001) and exhibited a difference in the first vs second year of follow-up (0.065 dB-sr/year vs 0.089 dB-sr/year, respectively; P < .001). The absence of pigmentary abnormalities of the retinal pigment epithelium at baseline was found to be associated with a faster progression rate (P < .001), whereas a significant association with the genotype was not detected (P = .7). CONCLUSION In STGD1, both microperimetric outcomes demonstrate statistically significant and clinically meaningful changes after relatively short follow-up periods. Volumetric modeling may be useful in future interventional clinical trials that aim to improve retinal sensitivity or to slow down its decline and for structure-function correlations.
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19
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Chung DC, Birch DG, MacLaren RE. Endpoints for Measuring Efficacy in Clinical Trials for Inherited Retinal Disease. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2021; 61:63-78. [PMID: 34584045 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Patel P, Jones K, Friedman DI, Birch DG, Ufret-Vincenty RL. Unexpected Etiology in a Case of Bilateral Maculopathy. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2021; 12:622-628. [PMID: 34326763 PMCID: PMC8299408 DOI: 10.1159/000514705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A 74-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis using hydroxychloroquine presented with gradually progressive decreased vision in both eyes and was found to have a bilateral maculopathy. Initial genetic testing was negative, and after discussing the low likelihood of her severe findings being secondary to her relatively low hydroxychloroquine exposure, the possibility of an autoimmune retinopathy was entertained. Updated data on the genetic testing reclassified one of her mutations in HGSNAT as pathogenic. This case highlights the value of genetic testing and the need to keep a high index of suspicion even after initial negative results, given the fact that our knowledge of mutations leading to retinal degeneration is constantly evolving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kaylie Jones
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Deborah I Friedman
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - David G Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, USA
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21
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da Palma MM, Igelman AD, Ku C, Burr A, You JY, Place EM, Wang NK, Oh JK, Branham KE, Zhang X, Ahn J, Gorin MB, Lam BL, Ronquillo CC, Bernstein PS, Nagiel A, Huckfeldt R, Cabrera MT, Kelly JP, Bakall B, Iannaccone A, Hufnagel RB, Zein WM, Koenekoop RK, Birch DG, Yang P, Fahim AT, Pennesi ME. Characterization of the Spectrum of Ophthalmic Changes in Patients With Alagille Syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:27. [PMID: 34185059 PMCID: PMC8254011 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.7.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to characterize the phenotypic spectrum of ophthalmic findings in patients with Alagille syndrome. Methods We conducted a retrospective, observational, multicenter, study on 46 eyes of 23 subjects with Alagille syndrome. We reviewed systemic and ophthalmologic data extracted from medical records, color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography, visual fields, electrophysiological assessments, and molecular genetic findings. Results Cardiovascular abnormalities were found in 83% of all cases (of those, 74% had cardiac murmur), whereas 61% had a positive history of hepatobiliary issues, and musculoskeletal anomalies were present in 61% of all patients. Dysmorphic facies were present in 16 patients, with a broad forehead being the most frequent feature. Ocular symptoms were found in 91%, with peripheral vision loss being the most frequent complaint. Median (range) Snellen visual acuity of all eyes was 20/25 (20/20 to hand motion [HM]). Anterior segment abnormalities were present in 74% of the patients; of those, posterior embryotoxon was the most frequent finding. Abnormalities of the optic disc were found in 52%, and peripheral retinal abnormalities were the most frequent ocular finding in this series, found in 96% of all patients. Fifteen JAG1 mutations were identified in 16 individuals; of those, 6 were novel. Conclusions This study reports a cohort of patients with Alagille syndrome in which peripheral chorioretinal changes were more frequent than posterior embryotoxon, the most frequent ocular finding according to a number of previous studies. We propose that these peripheral chorioretinal changes are a new hallmark to help diagnose this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Matioli da Palma
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Austin D Igelman
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Cristy Ku
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Amanda Burr
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Jia Yue You
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Human Genetics, and Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emily M Place
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Nan-Kai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Jin Kyun Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States.,State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States
| | - Kari E Branham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jeeyun Ahn
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute, Division of Retinal Disorders and Ophthalmic Genetics, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Michael B Gorin
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute, Division of Retinal Disorders and Ophthalmic Genetics, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Byron L Lam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Cecinio C Ronquillo
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Paul S Bernstein
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Aaron Nagiel
- The Vision Center, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States.,Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Rachel Huckfeldt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Michelle T Cabrera
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - John P Kelly
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Benjamin Bakall
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizon, United States
| | - Alessandro Iannaccone
- Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Robert B Hufnagel
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Wadih M Zein
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Robert K Koenekoop
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Human Genetics, and Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David G Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Paul Yang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Abigail T Fahim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Mark E Pennesi
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
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22
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Durham TA, Duncan JL, Ayala AR, Birch DG, Cheetham JK, Ferris FL, Hoyng CB, Pennesi ME, Sahel JA. Tackling the Challenges of Product Development Through a Collaborative Rare Disease Network: The Foundation Fighting Blindness Consortium. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:23. [PMID: 34004001 PMCID: PMC8083110 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.4.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Foundation Fighting Blindness, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, established an international consortium of inherited retinal disease specialists in 2016, with a mission to accelerate the development of treatments for rare, inherited retinal degenerations, such as retinitis pigmentosa, Stargardt disease, Leber congenital amaurosis, Usher syndrome, choroideremia, and achromatopsia. The Consortium accomplishes its mission by evaluating novel outcome measures, sharing standardized study protocols and datasets, and disseminating findings. Having established research infrastructure in the first 3 years, including 39 global research sites, the network is now poised to expand its infrastructure for trials of new therapies in partnership with industry. This model represents an innovative approach to overcome challenges of therapeutic development for rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacque L Duncan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Carel B Hoyng
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark E Pennesi
- Casey Eye Institute - Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France.,Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC1423, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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23
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Leroy BP, Birch DG, Duncan JL, Lam BL, Koenekoop RK, Porto FBO, Russell SR, Girach A. LEBER CONGENITAL AMAUROSIS DUE TO CEP290 MUTATIONS-SEVERE VISION IMPAIRMENT WITH A HIGH UNMET MEDICAL NEED: A Review. Retina 2021; 41:898-907. [PMID: 33595255 PMCID: PMC8078118 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Leber congenital amaurosis due to CEP290 mutations (LCA10) is an inherited retinal disease that often results in severe visual impairment or blindness in early childhood. Currently, there are no approved treatments, highlighting the considerable unmet medical need associated with LCA10. We aimed to review the clinical characteristics of LCA10, its impact on patients and society, and the investigational treatment strategies currently in development. METHODS Review of the current literature. RESULTS LCA10 is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy, for which the CEP290 intronic variant c.2991+1655A>G (p.Cys998X) is the most common mutation. Usually diagnosed in early childhood, most patients with LCA10 have severe visual impairment during their first decade of life, which significantly affects the quality of life and development. LCA10 also has a significant societal burden (direct and indirect costs). RNA editing using antisense oligonucleotides or Staphylococcus aureus CRISPR-associated protein-9 nuclease is currently under investigation for treatment of p.Cys998X LCA10. Specifically, the antisense oligonucleotide therapy QR-110 (sepofarsen) has demonstrated encouraging safety and efficacy data in a first-in-human trial; a phase 3 clinical trial is ongoing. CONCLUSION Interventions that can preserve or improve vision in patients with LCA10 have considerable potential to improve the patient quality of life and reduce burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart P. Leroy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David G. Birch
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jacque L. Duncan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Byron L. Lam
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robert K. Koenekoop
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fernanda B. O. Porto
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen R. Russell
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
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24
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Qian X, Wang J, Wang M, Igelman AD, Jones KD, Li Y, Wang K, Goetz KE, Birch DG, Yang P, Pennesi ME, Chen R. Identification of Deep-Intronic Splice Mutations in a Large Cohort of Patients With Inherited Retinal Diseases. Front Genet 2021; 12:647400. [PMID: 33737949 PMCID: PMC7960924 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.647400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High throughput sequencing technologies have revolutionized the identification of mutations responsible for a diverse set of Mendelian disorders, including inherited retinal disorders (IRDs). However, the causal mutations remain elusive for a significant proportion of patients. This may be partially due to pathogenic mutations located in non-coding regions, which are largely missed by capture sequencing targeting the coding regions. The advent of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) allows us to systematically detect non-coding variations. However, the interpretation of these variations remains a significant bottleneck. In this study, we investigated the contribution of deep-intronic splice variants to IRDs. WGS was performed for a cohort of 571 IRD patients who lack a confident molecular diagnosis, and potential deep intronic variants that affect proper splicing were identified using SpliceAI. A total of six deleterious deep intronic variants were identified in eight patients. An in vitro minigene system was applied to further validate the effect of these variants on the splicing pattern of the associated genes. The prediction scores assigned to splice-site disruption positively correlated with the impact of mutations on splicing, as those with lower prediction scores demonstrated partial splicing. Through this study, we estimated the contribution of deep-intronic splice mutations to unassigned IRD patients and leveraged in silico and in vitro methods to establish a framework for prioritizing deep intronic variant candidates for mechanistic and functional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Qian
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Meng Wang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Austin D Igelman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kaylie D Jones
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yumei Li
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Keqing Wang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kerry E Goetz
- Office of the Director, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David G Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Paul Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mark E Pennesi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Rui Chen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Schönbach EM, Strauss RW, Muñoz B, Wolfson Y, Ibrahim MA, Birch DG, Zrenner E, Sunness JS, Ip MS, Sadda SR, West SK, Scholl HPN. Longitudinal Microperimetric Changes of Macular Sensitivity in Stargardt Disease After 12 Months: ProgStar Report No. 13. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021; 138:772-779. [PMID: 32463436 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Importance Functional end points for clinical trials investigating the efficacy of emerging treatments for Stargardt disease type 1 (STGD1) are needed. Objective To assess the yearly rate of change of macular function in patients with STGD1 using microperimetry. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted in an international selection of tertiary referral centers from October 21, 2013, to February 15, 2017. The study included participants with ABCA4-related STGD1 who were enrolled in the Natural History of the Progression of Atrophy Secondary to Stargardt Disease (ProgStar) study at baseline. Data were analyzed from February 16, 2017, to December 1, 2019. Exposure ABCA4-related STGD1 with a minimum lesion size on fundus autofluorescence and a minimum visual acuity. Main Outcomes and Measures Changes in overall macular sensitivity (MS), deep scotoma count, number of points that tested normal, and location-specific sensitivity changes. Results Among the 359 eyes from 200 patients (87 [43.5%] men; mean [SD] age, 33.3 [15.2] years) who underwent microperimetry examination graded at baseline and month 12, the mean (SD) yearly change in MS was -0.68 (2.04) dB (95% CI, -0.89 to -0.47 dB; P < .001), and deep scotoma points increased by a mean (SD) of 1.56 (5.74) points per year. The points with sensitivity of 12 dB or higher decreased in sensitivity by a mean (SD) of -3.01 (9.84) dB (95% CI, -4.03 to -1.99 dB; P < .001). The mean (SD) yearly change in MS was not significantly different between the eyes with a grading of good or fair pattern placement at both visits (-0.67 [2.1] dB) and the eyes with a poor pattern placement during at least 1 visit (-0.64 [2.2] dB) (P = .91). Conclusions and Relevance This study showed that MS and the number of deep scotoma points had measurably changed after follow-up of approximately 1 year. Microperimetry may serve as a useful functional outcome parameter for clinical trials aimed at slowing the progression of STGD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne M Schönbach
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,University Hospitals Eye Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rupert W Strauss
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | - Beatriz Muñoz
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yulia Wolfson
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mohamed A Ibrahim
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | | | - Eberhart Zrenner
- Center for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janet S Sunness
- Hoover Low Vision Rehabilitation Services, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael S Ip
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California.,UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - SriniVas R Sadda
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California.,UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Sheila K West
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hendrik P N Scholl
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Kubota R, Birch DG, Gregory JK, Koester JM. Randomised study evaluating the pharmacodynamics of emixustat hydrochloride in subjects with macular atrophy secondary to Stargardt disease. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 106:403-408. [PMID: 33214244 PMCID: PMC8867285 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-317712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims Stargardt disease is a rare, inherited, degenerative disease of the retina that is the most common type of hereditary macular dystrophy. Currently, no approved treatments for the disease exist. The purpose of this study was to characterise the pharmacodynamics of emixustat, an orally available small molecule that targets the retinal pigment epithelium–specific 65 kDa protein (RPE65), in subjects with macular atrophy secondary to Stargardt disease. Methods In this multicentre study conducted at six study sites in the USA, 23 subjects with macular atrophy secondary to Stargardt disease were randomised to one of three doses of daily emixustat (2.5 mg, 5 mg or 10 mg) and treated for 1 month. The primary outcome was the suppression of the rod b-wave recovery rate on electroretinography after photobleaching, which is an indirect measure of RPE65 inhibition. Results Subjects who received 10 mg emixustat showed near-complete suppression of the rod b-wave amplitude recovery rate postphotobleaching (mean=91.86%, median=96.69%), whereas those who received 5 mg showed moderate suppression (mean=52.2%, median=68.0%). No effect was observed for subjects who received 2.5 mg emixustat (mean=−3.31%, median=−12.23%). The adverse event profile was consistent with prior studies in other patient populations and consisted primarily of ocular adverse events likely related to RPE65 inhibition. Conclusion This study demonstrated dose-dependent suppression of rod b-wave amplitude recovery postphotobleaching, confirming emixustat’s biological activity in patients with Stargardt disease. These findings informed dose selection for a 24-month phase 3 trial (SeaSTAR Study) that is now comparing emixustat to placebo in the treatment of Stargardt disease-associated macular atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kubota
- President, Kubota Vision Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David G Birch
- Scientific Director, Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jeff K Gregory
- Clinical Development, Kubota Vision Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John M Koester
- Clinical Development, Kubota Vision Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Duncan JL, Liang W, Maguire MG, Audo I, Ayala AR, Birch DG, Carroll J, Cheetham JK, Esposti SD, Durham TA, Erker L, Farsiu S, Ferris FL, Heon E, Hufnagel RB, Iannaccone A, Jaffe GJ, Kay CN, Michaelides M, Pennesi ME, Sahel JA. Baseline Visual Field Findings in the RUSH2A Study: Associated Factors and Correlation With Other Measures of Disease Severity. Am J Ophthalmol 2020; 219:87-100. [PMID: 32446738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report baseline visual fields in the Rate of Progression in USH2A-related Retinal Degeneration (RUSH2A) study. DESIGN Cross-sectional study within a natural history study. METHODS Setting: multicenter, international. STUDY POPULATION Usher syndrome type 2 (USH2) (n = 80) or autosomal recessive nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa (ARRP) (n = 47) associated with biallelic disease-causing sequence variants in USH2A. OBSERVATION PROCEDURES Repeatability of full-field static perimetry (SP) and between-eye symmetry of kinetic perimetry (KP) were evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The association of demographic and clinical characteristics with total hill of vision (VTOT) was assessed with general linear models. Associations between VTOT and other functional and morphologic measures were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients and t tests. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES VTOT (SP) and III4e isopter area (KP). RESULTS USH2 participants had more severe visual field loss than ARRP participants (P < .001, adjusting for disease duration, age of enrollment). Mean VTOT measures among 3 repeat tests were 32.7 ± 24.1, 31.2 ± 23.4, and 31.7 ± 23.9 decibel-steradians (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.96). Better VA, greater photopic ERG 30-Hz flicker amplitudes, higher mean microperimetry sensitivity, higher central subfield thickness, absence of macular cysts, and higher III4e seeing area were associated with higher VTOT (all r > .48; P < .05). Mean III4e isopter areas for left (4561 ± 4426 squared degrees) and right eyes (4215 ± 4300 squared degrees) were concordant (ICC = 0.94). CONCLUSIONS USH2 participants had more visual field loss than participants with USH2A-related ARRP, adjusting for duration of disease and age of enrollment. VTOT was repeatable and correlated with other functional and structural metrics, suggesting it may be a good summary measure of disease severity in patients with USH2A-related retinal degeneration.
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Radojevic B, Jones K, Klein M, Mauro-Herrera M, Kingsley R, Birch DG, Bennett LD. Variable expressivity in patients with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa associated with the gene CNGB1. Ophthalmic Genet 2020; 42:15-22. [PMID: 33465333 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1832532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In a cohort of eight families (11 patients) with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP), we clinically characterized disease associated with mutations in CNGB1. METHODS Visual function was determined by measuring the patients' visual acuity, dark- and light-adapted perimetry, and by full-field electroretinography. Retinal structure was evaluated with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, fundus imaging, and autofluorescence imaging. RESULTS Age of onset ranged from 4 to 49 years (mean [SD] 26 [17], median 27 years). The age at visit was 27-54 years, mean 37 (17). The range of visual acuity was logMAR -0.1 to 1.3 (Snellen 20/16 to 20/400) in the right eye and -0.1 to 0.9 (Snellen 20/16 to 20/160) in the left eye. Electrophysiological testing in five patients showed an absence of the rod response. Cone responses ranged from normal to severely reduced. The patients exhibited loss of rod vision more severe than cone vision. Funduscopic images showed widespread retinal degeneration with pigment clumping, optic disk pallor, arteriole attenuation, and a peri-foveal ring of hyper autofluorescence. Three families were tested for olfactory dysfunction and results indicated mild to complete anosmia in individuals with mutations in CNGB1. Genetic analysis revealed 6 novel variants, c.2127 C > G, p.Phe709Leu; c.1431 C > A, p.Cys477*; c.2034 G > A, p.Trp678*; c.2092 T > C, p.Cys698Arg; and c.583 + 2 T > C, c.2305-34 G > A and 3 variants that have been previously described, c.2957A>T, p.Asn986Ile; c.2544dup, p.Leu849Alafs*3; and c.2492 + 1 G > A. DISCUSSION This is the first report for six novel CNGB1 variants associated with arRP. Two families had olfactory dysfunction in patients with arRP and family members who were heterozygous for a CNGB1 mutation. Additionally, findings demonstrated variable penetrance and expressivity of disease in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Radojevic
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kaylie Jones
- Rose-Silverthorne Retinal Degenerations Laboratory, Retina Foundation of the Southwest , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Martin Klein
- Rose-Silverthorne Retinal Degenerations Laboratory, Retina Foundation of the Southwest , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Margarita Mauro-Herrera
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ronald Kingsley
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute , Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - David G Birch
- Rose-Silverthorne Retinal Degenerations Laboratory, Retina Foundation of the Southwest , Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lea D Bennett
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
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Birch DG, Cheng P, Duncan JL, Ayala AR, Maguire MG, Audo I, Cheetham JK, Durham TA, Fahim AT, Ferris FL, Heon E, Huckfeldt RM, Iannaccone A, Khan NW, Lad EM, Michaelides M, Pennesi ME, Stingl K, Vincent A, Weng CY. The RUSH2A Study: Best-Corrected Visual Acuity, Full-Field Electroretinography Amplitudes, and Full-Field Stimulus Thresholds at Baseline. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:9. [PMID: 33133772 PMCID: PMC7552938 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.11.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate baseline best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), full-field electroretinography (ERG), full-field stimulus thresholds (FST), and their relationship with baseline demographic and clinical characteristics in the Rate of Progression in Usher syndrome type 2 (USH2A)-related Retinal Degeneration (RUSH2A) multicenter study. Methods Participants had Usher syndrome type 2 (USH2, N = 80) or autosomal recessive nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa (ARRP, N = 47) associated with biallelic variants in the USH2A gene. Associations of demographic and clinical characteristics with BCVA, ERG, and FST were assessed with regression models. Results In comparison to ARRP, USH2 had worse BCVA (median 79 vs. 82 letters; P < 0.001 adjusted for age), lower rod-mediated ERG b-wave amplitudes (median 0.0 vs. 6.6 µV; P < 0.001) and 30 Hz flicker cone-mediated ERG amplitudes (median 1.5 vs. 3.1 µV; P = 0.001), and higher (white, blue, and red) FST thresholds (means [−26, −31, −23 dB] vs. [−39, −45, −28 dB]; P < 0.001 for all stimuli). After adjusting for age, gender, and duration of vision loss, the difference in BCVA between diagnosis groups was attenuated (P = 0.09). Only diagnosis was associated with rod- and cone-mediated ERG parameters, whereas both genders (P = 0.04) and duration of visual loss (P < 0.001) also were associated with FST white stimulus. Conclusions USH2 participants had worse BCVA, ERG, and FST than ARRP participants. FST was strongly associated with duration of disease; it remains to be determined whether it will be a sensitive measure of progression. Translational Relevance Using standardized research protocols in RUSH2A, measures have been identified to monitor disease progression and treatment response and differentiate features of prognostic relevance between USH2 and ARRP participants with USH2A mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacque L Duncan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Isabelle Audo
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France.,Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC1423, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Abigail T Fahim
- University of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Elise Heon
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Naheed W Khan
- University of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eleonora M Lad
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Mark E Pennesi
- Casey Eye Institute - Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Katarina Stingl
- University Eye Hospital, Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Eye Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ajoy Vincent
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Schönbach EM, Strauss RW, Ibrahim MA, Janes JL, Cideciyan AV, Birch DG, Sunness JS, Zrenner E, Ip MS, Kong X, Sadda SR, Scholl HP. The Effect of Attention on Fixation Stability During Dynamic Fixation Testing in Stargardt Disease. Am J Ophthalmol 2020; 217:305-316. [PMID: 32422174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sensitive, reproducible visual function biomarkers are necessary to evaluate the efficacy of emerging treatments for Stargardt disease type 1 in clinical trials. We previously demonstrated that fixation stability may serve as a secondary outcome parameter for visual function loss. However, the test duration and protocol have an unknown effect on the assessment of fixation stability. Here, we hypothesize that separate fixation testing with a single target is different from combined fixation testing using the same target with simultaneous perimetry testing. DESIGN International, multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS Microperimetry data from the international, multicenter, prospective Progression of Atrophy Secondary to Stargardt Disease (ProgStar, NCT01977846) study were analyzed. Patients underwent various types of fixation testing including static testing and dynamic testing, and a duration-corrected dynamic test was generated (30sEpoch). RESULTS A total of 437 eyes from 235 patients were included (mean age, 33.8 ± 15.1 years; 55.3% female). The mean 1SD-BCEA (bivariate contour ellipse area), which is the smallest ellipse encompassing 1 standard deviation of all fixation events, was smaller for the static fixation test compared to the 30sEpoch (4.5 ± 6.9 deg2 vs 5.3 ± 7.0 deg2; P = .02) and the number of points within both the 2-degree and 4-degree circles was larger (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that differences in static and dynamic assessment of fixation stability are dependent not only on different test durations but also on the testing protocol of a single fixation target vs fixation target plus simultaneous perimetry testing and provide information on the conduct of fixation testing for clinical trials.
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Nittala MG, Velaga SB, Hariri A, Pfau M, Birch DG, Haines J, Pericak-Vance MA, Stambolian D, Sadda SR. Retinal Sensitivity Using Microperimetry in Age-Related Macular Degeneration in an Amish Population. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2020; 50:e236-e241. [PMID: 31589764 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20190905-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate retinal sensitivity (RS) by mesopic and scotopic microperimetry (MP-1S) in an elderly Amish population with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). PATIENTS AND METHODS Mesopic and scotopic microperimetric testing was performed in 148 eyes of 77 elderly Amish subjects (age > 50 years) from Pennsylvania using a retinal function analyzer. Scotopic testing was performed using a 2.0 log unit neutral density filter following 30 minutes of dark adaptation. All subjects underwent complete ophthalmic examinations, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, infrared reflectance imaging, and flash color fundus photography. Certified graders at Doheny Image Reading Center identified subjects with evidence of AMD as defined by the Beckman classification and quantified drusen volume. RS in subjects with and without AMD was compared. Correlations between RS and drusen burden were analyzed. Ten eyes with incomplete MP-1S exams were excluded from the final analysis. RESULTS Among the 138 eyes from 77 subjects included in the final analysis, 42 eyes from 29 subjects had evidence of early or intermediate AMD. The mean age of subjects with AMD was 69.65 years ± 13.81 years versus 63.04 years ± 12.69 years in those without AMD (P = .06). Mesopic RS was 18.8 dB ± 2.1 dB in subjects with AMD and 19.6 dB ± 1.4 dB in those without AMD (P = .07). Scotopic RS was significantly lower (P = .04) in subjects with AMD (15.9 dB ± 2.9 dB) compared with those without AMD (17.3 dB ± 2.4 dB). There was no relationship between mesopic RS and either drusen area (r = -0.06; P = .32) or drusen volume (r = -0.08; P = .30). There was a trend for an association between scotopic RS and both drusen area (r = -0.39; P = .24) and drusen volume (r = -0.36; P = .30). CONCLUSIONS In an elderly Amish population, eyes with early or intermediate AMD show a greater reduction in scotopic RS than mesopic RS, suggesting that rod function is more severely affected than cone function. Drusen area and volume measurements better correlated with scotopic RS. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2019;50:e236-e241.].
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Nittala MG, Uji A, Velaga SB, Hariri AH, Naor J, Birch DG, Spencer R, Leng T, Capela A, Tsukamoto A, Ip M, Sadda SR. Effect of Human Central Nervous System Stem Cell Subretinal Transplantation on Progression of Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Nonneovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmol Retina 2020; 5:32-40. [PMID: 32562884 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of subretinally transplanted human central nervous system stem cells (HuCNS-SC) on the progression of geographic atrophy (GA) in patients with nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). DESIGN Multicenter, prospective, phase 1 open-label clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS Fifteen patients with bilateral GA solely the result of AMD. METHODS The eye with the worst best-corrected visual acuity from each patient was selected for treatment and was considered the study eye; fellow eyes served as controls. A total of 0.25 × 106 or 1.0 × 106 HuCNS-SCs were infused directly into the subretinal space, superotemporal to the fovea near the junctional zone, outside the area of GA. All patients underwent spectral-domain OCT and fundus autofluorescence imaging using the Spectralis HRA+OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Inc., Heidelberg, Germany). Total GA area in both eyes was measured at baseline and month 12 by certified reading center graders using the Spectralis Region Finder software. Sectoral (clock hour) per directional radial GA progression rates with respect to the foveal center in both eyes were calculated using the polar transformation method in Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD). To facilitate comparative analysis across the cohort, all eyes were transformed to a right-eye orientation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Total GA area and sectoral per directional GA progression rates were compared in both study and control eyes. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was found in mean change in total GA area at month 12 between study and fellow eyes (1.07 ± 0.84 mm2 vs. 2.08 ± 1.97 mm2; P = 0.08). However, the month 12 sectoral per directional radial GA growth rate for the superotemporal region (i.e., the location of HuCNS-SC transplantation) showed a significantly slower progression rate in study eyes than in fellow eyes (0.29 ± 0.58 mm vs. 1.08 ± 0.65 mm; P = 0.007). The progression rate in the superotemporal quadrant of the study eye was significantly slower than in the other 3 quadrants combined (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS In this small pilot study, HuCNS-SC transplantation seems to be associated with slower expansion of the GA lesion in the transplanted quadrant. Larger confirmatory studies are required. Sectoral or directional analysis of growth rates of GA may be a useful approach for assessing the efficacy of locally delivered therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akihito Uji
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | - Joel Naor
- Kodiak Sciences, Palo Alto, California
| | | | | | - Theodore Leng
- Byers Eye Institute at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | | | | | - Michel Ip
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California; Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Srinivas R Sadda
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California; Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
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Zhai Y, Xu M, Dimopoulos IS, Birch DG, Bernstein PS, Holt J, Kirn D, Francis P, MacDonald IM. Quantification of RPE Changes in Choroideremia Using a Photoshop-Based Method. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:21. [PMID: 32832227 PMCID: PMC7414628 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.7.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop a reliable and efficient method for quantifying the area of preserved retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), facilitating the evaluation of disease progression or response to therapy in choroideremia (CHM). Methods The fundus autofluorescence images of CHM patients were captured at baseline and 1 year. A Photoshop-based method was developed to allow the reliable measurement of the RPE area. The results were compared with measurements generated by the Heidelberg Eye Explorer 2 (HEYEX2). The areas measured by two independent graders were compared to assess the test-retest reliability. Results By using the Photoshop-based method, the area of the RPE measured from 64 eyes was seen to decrease significantly (P < 0.001) at a rate of 2.57 ± 3.22 mm2 annually, and a percentage of 8.39% ± 5.24%. The average standard deviations for Photoshop were less than that for HEYEX2 (0.5-1.1 in grader 1; 0.4-1.6 in grader 2), indicating less intragrader variability. The RPE decrease as determined by the Photoshop-based method showed excellent reliability with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.944 (95% confidence interval, 0.907-0.966). In Bland-Altman plots, the Photoshop method also exhibited better intergrader agreement. Conclusions Photoshop-based quantification of preserved RPE area in patients with CHM is feasible and has better test-retest reliability compared with the HEYEX2 method. Translational Relevance An accurate quantification method for longitudinal RPE change in CHM patients is an important tool for the evaluation of efficacy in any therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Manlong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Paul S Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jenny Holt
- 4D Molecular Therapeutics, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - David Kirn
- 4D Molecular Therapeutics, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | | | - Ian M MacDonald
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Thompson DA, Iannaccone A, Ali RR, Arshavsky VY, Audo I, Bainbridge JWB, Besirli CG, Birch DG, Branham KE, Cideciyan AV, Daiger SP, Dalkara D, Duncan JL, Fahim AT, Flannery JG, Gattegna R, Heckenlively JR, Heon E, Jayasundera KT, Khan NW, Klassen H, Leroy BP, Molday RS, Musch DC, Pennesi ME, Petersen-Jones SM, Pierce EA, Rao RC, Reh TA, Sahel JA, Sharon D, Sieving PA, Strettoi E, Yang P, Zacks DN. Advancing Clinical Trials for Inherited Retinal Diseases: Recommendations from the Second Monaciano Symposium. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:2. [PMID: 32832209 PMCID: PMC7414644 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.7.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Major advances in the study of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) have placed efforts to develop treatments for these blinding conditions at the forefront of the emerging field of precision medicine. As a result, the growth of clinical trials for IRDs has increased rapidly over the past decade and is expected to further accelerate as more therapeutic possibilities emerge and qualified participants are identified. Although guided by established principles, these specialized trials, requiring analysis of novel outcome measures and endpoints in small patient populations, present multiple challenges relative to study design and ethical considerations. This position paper reviews recent accomplishments and existing challenges in clinical trials for IRDs and presents a set of recommendations aimed at rapidly advancing future progress. The goal is to stimulate discussions among researchers, funding agencies, industry, and policy makers that will further the design, conduct, and analysis of clinical trials needed to accelerate the approval of effective treatments for IRDs, while promoting advocacy and ensuring patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra A Thompson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alessandro Iannaccone
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robin R Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vadim Y Arshavsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France.,CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France
| | | | - Cagri G Besirli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Kari E Branham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Artur V Cideciyan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven P Daiger
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deniz Dalkara
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jacque L Duncan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Abigail T Fahim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John G Flannery
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - John R Heckenlively
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elise Heon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Thiran Jayasundera
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Naheed W Khan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Henry Klassen
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Stem Cell Research Center, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bart P Leroy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Center Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital and University, Ghent, Belgium.,Division of Ophthalmology and Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert S Molday
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David C Musch
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark E Pennesi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Simon M Petersen-Jones
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eric A Pierce
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajesh C Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas A Reh
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jose A Sahel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France.,CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France.,Fondation Ophtalmologique Rothschild, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dror Sharon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Paul A Sieving
- Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Ocular Regenerative Therapy, University of California-Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.,National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Enrica Strettoi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Paul Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - David N Zacks
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Jones KD, Radziwon A, Birch DG, MacDonald IM. A novel SVA retrotransposon insertion in the CHM gene results in loss of REP-1 causing choroideremia. Ophthalmic Genet 2020; 41:341-344. [PMID: 32441177 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1768557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choroideremia is an X-linked retinal disease characterized by progressive atrophy of the choroid and retinal pigment epithelium caused by mutations in the CHM gene. SVA (SINE-R/VNTR/Alu) elements are a type of non-autonomous retrotransposon that occasionally self-replicate, reinsert randomly into a gene, and cause disease. Intragenic SVA insertions have been reported as the mechanism underlying a number of diseases including a syndromic form of retinal dystrophy, but have never been found in CHM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here we identified and characterized a novel hemizygous SVA insertion, c.97_98inSVA (p.Arg33insSVA), in exon 2 of CHM in a male choroideremia patient. The SVA insertion's impact was evaluated by establishing a patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell line as a source of RNA for mRNA analysis of the CHM transcript, and protein for immunoblot analysis of Rab Escort Protein 1 (REP-1). RESULTS Immunoblot analysis revealed the absence of REP-1 protein, while a smaller than expected PCR product was amplified from cDNA. Sequencing of this PCR product showed skipping of exon 2, denoted r.50_116del. Ophthalmic examination including psychophysical tests, visual electrophysiology, and fundus imaging showed the patient's phenotype was consistent with severe early manifestations of choroideremia. CONCLUSIONS This case is the first report of a SVA insertion in the CHM gene causing choroideremia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alina Radziwon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David G Birch
- Retina Foundation of the S.W ., Dallas, TX, USA.,Ophthalmology, UTSW Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ian M MacDonald
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Bennett LD, Klein M, John FT, Radojevic B, Jones K, Birch DG. Disease Progression in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa due to a Mutation in Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase 1 (IMPDH1). Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:14. [PMID: 32821486 PMCID: PMC7401855 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.5.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Mutations in the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 (IMPDH1) gene are a common cause of inherited retinal degeneration (IRD). Due to species- and tissue-dependent expression of IMPDH1, there are no appropriate models of human IMPDH1 disease. Therefore, a limited understanding remains of disease expression and rates of progression for IMPDH1-related IRD. Methods We evaluated semiautomated kinetic and chromatic static perimetry, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and ultra-wide field fundus images with autofluorescence in a cohort of 12 patients (ages 11–58 at first visit). Ten patients had longitudinal data for which rates of progression were estimated. Results Visual acuities were relatively stable over time and the photoreceptors within the central retina remained intact. Perifoveal photoreceptor loss measured over a period of years coincided with visual fields, which were constricted and progressed over time in all patients. Rod sensitivity showed a similar pattern of defect to that of the kinetic perimetry and the autofluorescence ultra-wide field imaging. Full-field electroretinograms were severely reduced and the dark-adapted rod and mixed responses were extinguished at earlier visits than the light-adapted cone responses. Conclusions There was variability in disease severity at the first visit, but results show that the peripheral retina is more susceptible to the deleterious consequences of an IMPDH1 mutation. Given the pattern of degeneration and the alternatively spliced isoforms of IMPDH1, potential interventions may consider targeting the periphery early in disease, modulating transcript expression, and/or preserving central vision at late stages of the disease. Translational Relevance These results inform clinical prognosis and offer evidence strategies toward therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea D Bennett
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Martin Klein
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Finny T John
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Bojana Radojevic
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kaylie Jones
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David G Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Wang YZ, Galles D, Klein M, Locke KG, Birch DG. Application of a Deep Machine Learning Model for Automatic Measurement of EZ Width in SD-OCT Images of RP. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:15. [PMID: 32818077 PMCID: PMC7395669 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We applied a deep convolutional neural network model for automatic identification of ellipsoid zone (EZ) in spectral domain optical coherence tomography B-scans of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Methods Midline B-scans having visible EZ from 220 patients with RP and 20 normal subjects were manually segmented for inner limiting membrane, inner nuclear layer, EZ, retinal pigment epithelium, and Bruch's membrane. A total of 2.87 million labeled image patches (33 × 33 pixels) extracted from 480 B-scans were used for training a convolutional neural network model implemented in MATLAB. B-scans from a separate group of 80 patients with RP were used for testing the model. A local connected area searching algorithm was developed to process the model output for reconstructing layer boundaries. Correlation and Bland-Altman analyses were conducted to compare EZ width measured by the model to those by manual segmentation. Results The accuracy of the trained model to identify inner limiting membrane, inner nuclear layer, EZ, retinal pigment epithelium, and Bruch's membrane patches in the test dataset was 98%, 89%, 91%, 94%, and 96%, respectively. The EZ width measured by the model was highly correlated with that by two graders (r = 0.97; P < 0.0001). Bland-Altman analysis revealed a mean EZ width difference of 0.30 mm (coefficient of repeatability = 0.9 mm) between the model and the graders, comparable to the mean difference of 0.34mm (coefficient of repeatability = 0.8 mm) between two graders. Conclusions The results demonstrated the capability of a deep machine learning-based method for automatic identification of EZ in RP, suggesting that the method can be used to quantify structural deficits in RP for detecting disease progression and for evaluating treatment effect. Translational Relevance A deep machine learning model has the potential to replace humans for grading spectral domain optical coherence tomography images in RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhong Wang
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Martin Klein
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - David G Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
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Fahim AT, Sullivan LS, Bowne SJ, Jones KD, Wheaton DKH, Khan NW, Heckenlively JR, Jayasundera KT, Branham KH, Andrews CA, Othman MI, Karoukis AJ, Birch DG, Daiger SP. X-Chromosome Inactivation Is a Biomarker of Clinical Severity in Female Carriers of RPGR-Associated X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa. Ophthalmol Retina 2019; 4:510-520. [PMID: 31953110 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE X-linked retinitis pigmentosa can manifest in female carriers with widely variable severity, whereas others remain unaffected. The contribution of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) to phenotypic variation has been postulated but not demonstrated. Furthermore, the impact of genotype and genetic modifiers has been demonstrated in affected males but has not been well established in female carriers. The purpose of this study was to describe the scope of clinical phenotype in female carriers with mutations in RPGR and quantify the contribution of genotype, genetic modifiers, and XCI to phenotypic severity. DESIGN Cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Seventy-seven female carriers with RPGR mutations from 41 pedigrees. METHODS Coding single nucleotide polymorphisms were sequenced in candidate genetic modifier genes encoding known RPGR-interacting proteins. X-chromosome inactivation ratios were determined in genomic DNA isolated from blood (n = 42) and saliva (n = 20) using methylation status of X-linked polymorphic repeats. These genetic data were compared with disease severity based on quantitative clinical parameters. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Visual acuity, Humphrey visual field (HVF) results, full-field electroretinography results, and dark adaptation. RESULTS Most individuals at all ages were mildly affected or unaffected, whereas those who progressed to moderate or severe vision loss were older than 30 years. RPGR genotype was not associated with clinical severity. The D1264N variant in RPGRIP1L was associated with more severe disease. Skewed XCI toward inactivation of the normal RPGR allele was associated with more severe disease. The XCI ratio in both blood and saliva was a predictor of visual function as measured by HVF diameter, rod amplitude, flicker amplitude, and flicker implicit time. For carriers with extreme XCI skewing of 80:20 or more, 57% were affected severely compared with 8% for those with XCI of less than 80:20 (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Female carriers with mutations in RPGR demonstrate widely variable clinical severity. X-chromosome inactivation ratios correlate with clinical severity and may serve as a predictor of clinically significant disease. Because RPGR gene therapy trials are underway, a future imperative exists to determine which carriers require intervention and when to intervene. X-chromosome inactivation analysis may be useful for identifying candidates for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail T Fahim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Lori S Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sara J Bowne
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Naheed W Khan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John R Heckenlively
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - K Thiran Jayasundera
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kari H Branham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Chris A Andrews
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mohammad I Othman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Athanasios J Karoukis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Stephen P Daiger
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
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Birch DG, Bernstein PS, Iannacone A, Pennesi ME, Lam BL, Heckenlively J, Csaky K, Hartnett ME, Winthrop KL, Jayasundera T, Hughbanks-Wheaton DK, Warner J, Yang P, Fish GE, Teske MP, Sklaver NL, Erker L, Chegarnov E, Smith T, Wahle A, VanVeldhuisen PC, McCormack J, Lindblad R, Bramer S, Rose S, Zilliox P, Francis PJ, Weleber RG. Effect of Oral Valproic Acid vs Placebo for Vision Loss in Patients With Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Randomized Phase 2 Multicenter Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol 2019; 136:849-856. [PMID: 29879277 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Importance There are no approved drug treatments for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa, a relentlessly progressive cause of adult and childhood blindness. Objectives To evaluate the potential efficacy and assess the safety of orally administered valproic acid (VPA) in the treatment of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Design, Setting, and Participants Multicenter, phase 2, prospective, interventional, placebo-controlled, double-masked randomized clinical trial. The study took place in 6 US academic retinal degeneration centers. Individuals with genetically characterized autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa were randomly assigned to receive treatment or placebo for 12 months. Analyses were intention-to-treat. Interventions Oral VPA 500 mg to 1000 mg daily for 12 months or placebo. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome measure was determined prior to study initiation as the change in visual field area (assessed by the III4e isopter, semiautomated kinetic perimetry) between baseline and month 12. Results The mean (SD) age of the 90 participants was 50.4 (11.6) years. Forty-four (48.9%) were women, 87 (96.7%) were white, and 79 (87.8%) were non-Hispanic. Seventy-nine participants (87.8%) completed the study (42 [95.5%] received placebo and 37 [80.4%] received VPA). Forty-two (46.7%) had a rhodopsin mutation. Most adverse events were mild, although 7 serious adverse events unrelated to VPA were reported. The difference between the VPA and placebo arms for mean change in the primary outcome was -150.43 degree2 (95% CI, -290.5 to -10.03; P = .035). Conclusions and Relevance This negative value indicates that the VPA arm had worse outcomes than the placebo group. This study brings to light the key methodological considerations that should be applied to the rigorous evaluation of treatments for these conditions. This study does not provide support for the use of VPA in the treatment of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01233609.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandro Iannacone
- University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Hamilton Eye Institute, Memphis.,now with Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mark E Pennesi
- Oregon Health & Science University, Casey Eye Institute, Portland
| | - Byron L Lam
- University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Karl Csaky
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Kevin L Winthrop
- now with Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Judith Warner
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Paul Yang
- Oregon Health & Science University, Casey Eye Institute, Portland
| | | | | | | | - Laura Erker
- Oregon Health & Science University, Casey Reading Center, Portland
| | - Elvira Chegarnov
- Oregon Health & Science University, Casey Reading Center, Portland
| | - Travis Smith
- Oregon Health & Science University, Casey Reading Center, Portland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen Rose
- Foundation Fighting Blindness, Columbia, Maryland
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Strauss RW, Kong X, Ho A, Jha A, West S, Ip M, Bernstein PS, Birch DG, Cideciyan AV, Michaelides M, Sahel JA, Sunness JS, Traboulsi EI, Zrenner E, Pitetta S, Jenkins D, Hariri AH, Sadda S, Scholl HPN. Progression of Stargardt Disease as Determined by Fundus Autofluorescence Over a 12-Month Period: ProgStar Report No. 11. JAMA Ophthalmol 2019; 137:1134-1145. [PMID: 31369039 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Importance Sensitive outcome measures for disease progression are needed for treatment trials of Stargardt disease. Objective To estimate the progression rate of atrophic lesions in the prospective Natural History of the Progression of Atrophy Secondary to Stargardt Disease (ProgStar) study over a 12-month period. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted in an international selection of tertiary referral centers from October 21, 2013, to February 15, 2017. Patients who were affected by Stargardt disease, aged 6 years and older at baseline, and harboring disease-causing variants of the ABCA4 gene were enrolled at 9 centers in the United States, United Kingdom, and continental Europe. Data analysis occurred from November 2016 to January 2017. Exposures Autofluorescence images obtained with a standard protocol were sent to a central reading center, and areas of definitely decreased autofluorescence, questionably decreased autofluorescence, and the total combined area of decreased autofluorescence were outlined and quantified. Progression rates were estimated from linear mixed models with time as the independent variable. Main Outcomes and Measures Yearly rate of progression, using the growth of atrophic lesions measured by autofluorescence imaging. Results A total of 259 study participants (488 eyes; 230 individuals [88.8%] were examined in both eyes) were enrolled (mean [SD] age at first visit, 33.3 [15.1] years; 118 [54.4%] female). Gradable images were available for evaluation for 480 eyes at baseline and 454 eyes after 12 months. At baseline, definitely decreased autofluorescence was present in 306 eyes, and the mean (SD) lesion size was 3.93 (4.37) mm2. The mean total area of decreased autofluorescence at baseline was 4.07 (4.04) mm2. The estimated progression of definitely decreased autofluorescence was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.54-0.97) mm2 per year (P < .001), and the total area of both questionably and definitely decreased autofluorescence was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.50-0.78) mm2 per year (P < .001). Both progression rates depended on initial lesion size. Conclusions and Relevance In Stargardt disease, autofluorescence imaging may serve as a monitoring tool and definitely decreased autofluorescence and total area as outcome measures for interventional clinical trials that aim to slow disease progression. Rates of progression depended mainly on initial lesion size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert W Strauss
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Services Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Kepler University Clinic Linz, Linz, Austria.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Xiangrong Kong
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| | - Alexander Ho
- Doheny Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Anamika Jha
- Doheny Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Sheila West
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Ip
- Doheny Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Paul S Bernstein
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | | | - Artur V Cideciyan
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Michel Michaelides
- Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Services Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre et Marie Curie Université de Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
| | - Janet S Sunness
- Hoover Low Vision Rehabilitation Services, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Eberhart Zrenner
- Center for Ophthalmology, Eberhard-Karls University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sean Pitetta
- Doheny Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Dennis Jenkins
- Doheny Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Amir Hossein Hariri
- Doheny Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - SriniVas Sadda
- Doheny Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Hendrik P N Scholl
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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41
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Bennett LD, Metz G, Klein M, Locke KG, Khwaja A, Birch DG. Regional Variations and Intra-/Intersession Repeatability for Scotopic Sensitivity in Normal Controls and Patients With Inherited Retinal Degenerations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:1122-1131. [PMID: 30901388 PMCID: PMC6432803 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dark-adapted visual fields were obtained from patients with inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) and controls to evaluate the effect that age, retinal region, and disease had on scotopic sensitivity. Intra- and intersession test–retest repeatabilities for patients and controls were measured to establish significant change for longitudinal studies. Methods A total of 41 patients with IRD and 30 controls had one eye dilated and dark-adapted for 40 minutes. Scotopic sensitivity was measured with a Medmont dark-adapted chromatic (DAC) perimeter (size V stimulus, 200-ms duration, background luminance < 0.0001 cd/m2, dynamic range 0–75 decibel [dB]). Mixed effects analysis was performed to analyze age, retinal eccentricity, and sensitivity. The intra-/intersession coefficients of repeatability (CR) were calculated for controls and patients with IRD. Results Each additional year was associated with lower sensitivity (−0.22 dB) per year in normal controls over age 50 compared to younger controls (12–49 years). The superior field had lower sensitivity than the inferior, but the nasal field was not different compared to the temporal field in normal controls. The CR for intra- and intersession testing on mean sensitivity (MS)/pointwise sensitivity (PWS) were ±1.5/±8.5 and ±3.3/±9.8 dB, respectively, for patients with IRD. Control MS/PWS CR were ±1.5/±6.1 dB for intrasession and ±1.7/±6.8 dB for intersession DAC perimetry. Conclusions The DAC perimeter is an important asset because it tests a wide field of scotopic vision. The CR are comparable to those of other perimetry devices. Effects of age and retinal region should be considered when assessing scotopic sensitivity measured with the DAC perimeter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea D Bennett
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Georgiana Metz
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Martin Klein
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Kirsten G Locke
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Areeba Khwaja
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - David G Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
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Barnes CS, Schuchard RA, Birch DG, Dagnelie G, Wood L, Koenekoop RK, Bittner AK. Reliability of Semiautomated Kinetic Perimetry (SKP) and Goldmann Kinetic Perimetry in Children and Adults With Retinal Dystrophies. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:36. [PMID: 31211001 PMCID: PMC6561130 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.3.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the precision of visual fields (VFs) from semiautomated kinetic perimetry (SKP) on Octopus 900 perimeters, for children and adults with inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs). Goldmann manual kinetic perimetry has long been used in the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients, but SKP is becoming increasingly common. Octopus VFs (OVFs) and Goldmann VFs (GVFs) were both mapped on two occasions. Methods Nineteen females and 10 males with IRDs were tested on OVFs and GVFs, with two targets per test (V4e and one smaller target). Tests were performed in the same (randomized) order at two visits about 1 week apart. The VFs were digitized to derive isopter solid angles. Comparisons, within and between visits, were performed with paired t-tests and Bland-Altman plots. Results Median age was 20 years (range, 7-70; 10 participants aged ≤17 years old). There were no significant differences in solid angles between OVFs and GVFs (P ≥ 0.06) or between the two visits' solid angles on either perimeter (P ≥ 0.30). Between-visit test-retest variability for GVFs and OVFs was similar (P ≥ 0.73), with median values of approximately 9% to 13%. Overall variability was lower for children than adults (medians of 7.5% and 12.8%, respectively). Conclusions Octopus SKP and Goldmann perimetry produced VFs of similar size and variability. Translational Relevance Our study indicates that SKP provides a viable alternative to traditional Goldmann perimetry in clinical trials or care involving both children and adults with IRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gislin Dagnelie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leah Wood
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Robert K Koenekoop
- Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ava K Bittner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Nova Southeastern University, College of Optometry, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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43
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Lin TC, Wang LC, Yue L, Zhang Y, Falabella P, Zhu D, Hinton DR, Rao NA, Birch DG, Spencer R, Dorn JD, Humayun MS. Histopathologic Assessment of Optic Nerves and Retina From a Patient With Chronically Implanted Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:31. [PMID: 31171998 PMCID: PMC6543856 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.3.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To characterize histologic changes in the optic nerve and the retina of an end-stage retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patient after long-term implantation with the Argus II retinal prosthesis system. Methods Serial cross sections from the patient's both eyes were collected postmortem 6 years after implantation. Optic nerve from both eyes were morphometrically analyzed and compared. Retina underneath and outside the array was analyzed and compared with corresponding regions in the fellow eye. Results Although the optic nerve of the implant eye demonstrated significantly more overall atrophy than the fellow eye (P < 0.01), the temporal quadrant that retinotopically corresponded to the location of the array did not show additional damage. The total neuron count of the macular area was not significantly different between the two eyes, but the tack locations and their adjacent areas showed significantly fewer neurons than other perimacular areas. There was an increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) throughout the retina in the implant eye versus the fellow eye, but there was no significant difference in the cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) expression. Except for the revision tack site, no significant increase of inflammatory reaction was detected in the implant eye. Conclusion Long-term implantation and electrical stimulation with an Argus II retinal prosthesis system did not result in significant tissue damage that could be detected by a morphometric analysis. Translational Relevance This study supports the long-term safety of the Argus II device and encourages further development of bioelectronics devices at the retina-machine interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Chi Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Lei-Chi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Lan Yue
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paulo Falabella
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danhong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David R Hinton
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Narsing A Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jessy D Dorn
- Second Sight Medical Products, Inc., Sylmar, CA, USA
| | - Mark S Humayun
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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44
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Pennesi ME, Birch DG, Jayasundera KT, Parker M, Tan O, Gurses-Ozden R, Reichley C, Beasley KN, Yang P, Weleber RG, Bennett LD, Heckenlively JR, Kothapalli K, Chulay JD, For The Xlrs-Study Group. Prospective Evaluation of Patients With X-Linked Retinoschisis During 18 Months. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:5941-5956. [PMID: 30551202 PMCID: PMC6295939 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Prospective evaluation of patients with X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS). Methods Fifty-six males XLRS patients, age ≥7 years, had retinal structure and function tests performed every 6 months during an 18-month period. Results Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was abnormal (mean ± SD logMAR 0.57 ± 0.32 OD and 0.50 ± 0.27 OS), with weak correlation between visual acuity and age (R = -0.24, P = 0.0095). Mean cyst cavity volume (CCV) determined on optical coherence tomography showed weak correlation with age (R = -0.33, P = 0.0009) and no correlation with visual acuity. Subjects had modest reduction in mean kinetic and static perimetry results, reduced b-wave amplitude on electroretinography, abnormal reading speed results, and decreased visual function quality of life scores. Contrast sensitivity results were normal in 85 of 99 eyes tested. Most subjects had no meaningful change in BCVA during follow-up. Subjects who started carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) treatment at enrollment had improved BCVA (mean ± SD change 3.15 ± 7.8 ETDRS letters, with increase of ≥15 ETDRS letters at 8 of 110 visits [in 3 subjects]). There were no significant changes in other parameters tested. Conclusions Structural and functional results were stable during the 18-month follow-up period. Some patients starting CAI treatment at the baseline visit showed improvement in BCVA that was not correlated with changes in CCV. Natural history data such as these will be important for comparisons to the changes in measures of retinal structure and function following gene replacement therapy in patients with XLRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Pennesi
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - David G Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | | | - Maria Parker
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Ou Tan
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Rabia Gurses-Ozden
- Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation, Alachua, Florida, United States
| | - Carrie Reichley
- Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation, Alachua, Florida, United States
| | - Kathleen N Beasley
- Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation, Alachua, Florida, United States
| | - Paul Yang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Richard G Weleber
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Lea D Bennett
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - John R Heckenlively
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey D Chulay
- Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation, Alachua, Florida, United States
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Kiser K, Webb-Jones KD, Bowne SJ, Sullivan LS, Daiger SP, Birch DG. Time Course of Disease Progression of PRPF31-mediated Retinitis Pigmentosa. Am J Ophthalmol 2019; 200:76-84. [PMID: 30582903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Variants in PRPF31, a splicing factor, are a common cause of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Deleterious variants are thought to cause disease by haploinsufficiency. In anticipation of upcoming replacement gene therapy trials, we present the phenotype and clinical progression of a large cohort of patients with PRPF31-mediated RP. DESIGN Cross-sectional with retrospective review. METHODS A total of 26 patients with RP and 5 asymptomatic individuals, all with deleterious variants in PRPF31 (from 13 families), were selected from our database of patients followed longitudinally. Ages ranged from 9 to 77 years (mean 47 years), with an average follow-up time of 16 years. All patients underwent ophthalmic examination including psychophysical tests, electrophysiology, and imaging. All available records were reviewed retrospectively. Additionally, all patients were contacted, and all available patients (n = 7) were examined in an additional prospective follow-up visit. RESULTS Age of onset ranged from 6 to 71 years, without apparent relationship to specific variant. Two adults (aged 42 and 77 years) and 3 teenaged children were found to harbor a mutation with no evidence of RP. In those with RP, visual field area (spot size III) declined exponentially at a rate of 8.1% per year of disease duration (P < .001, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.6-10.6), cone electroretinogram amplitude declined exponentially at a rate of 7.3% per year of disease duration (P < .001, 95% CI 5.4-9.1), and ellipsoid zone area declined exponentially at a rate of 5.4% per year of disease duration (P < .001, 95% CI 3.7-7.1). CONCLUSIONS PRPF31-mediated retinitis pigmentosa is characterized by a variable age of onset. Once disease develops, it follows a predictable exponential time course.
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Csaky KG, Patel PJ, Sepah YJ, Birch DG, Do DV, Ip MS, Guymer RH, Luu CD, Gune S, Lin H, Ferrara D. Microperimetry for geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol 2019; 64:353-364. [PMID: 30703401 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Geographic atrophy (GA) is a progressive, advanced form of age-related macular degeneration leading to visual function impairment and irreversible vision loss. Standard clinical tests to evaluate visual function in patients with GA provide poor anatomic-functional correlation, whereas fundus imaging does not assess the visual function deficit. Microperimetry is a psychophysical visual function test that spatially maps retinal sensitivity and allows for identification of correlation of anatomic features with visual function. In this review, we present an overview of mesopic microperimetry for GA, including commercially available microperimetry devices, strategies to capture a mesopic microperimetry test, and strategies to assess and interpret microperimetry data in patients with GA. We demonstrate the importance of microperimetry data for assessing GA progression and for evaluating visual function loss through anatomic-functional correlations. Although valuable, current microperimetry tests require an extensive time commitment from the patient and examiner, and the development of faster, more reproducible and accessible methods is important to enable broader use of microperimetry in both clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl G Csaky
- Texas Retina Associates, Dallas, Texas, USA; Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, USA.
| | - Praveen J Patel
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yasir J Sepah
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - David G Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Diana V Do
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Michael S Ip
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robyn H Guymer
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital; Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chi D Luu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital; Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shamika Gune
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hugh Lin
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a group of rare, heterogenous eye disorders caused by gene mutations that result in degeneration of the retina. There are currently limited treatment options for IRDs; however, retinal gene therapy holds great promise for the treatment of different forms of inherited blindness. One such IRD for which gene therapy has shown positive initial results is choroideremia, a rare, X-linked degenerative disorder of the retina and choroid. Mutation of the CHM gene leads to an absence of functional Rab escort protein 1 (REP1), which causes retinal pigment epithelium cell death and photoreceptor degeneration. The condition presents in childhood as night blindness, followed by progressive constriction of visual fields, generally leading to vision loss in early adulthood and total blindness thereafter. A recently developed adeno-associated virus-2 (AAV2) vector construct encoding REP1 (AAV2-REP1) has been shown to deliver a functional version of the CHM gene into the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells. Phase 1 and 2 studies of AAV2-REP1 in patients with choroideremia have produced encouraging results, suggesting that it is possible not only to slow or stop the decline in vision following treatment with AAV2-REP1, but also to improve visual acuity in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyen Ong
- Nightstar Therapeutics, 203 Crescent Street, Suite 303, Waltham, Massachusetts, 02453, USA.
| | - Mark E Pennesi
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - David G Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Byron L Lam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Department of Ophthalmology and of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Hariri AH, Ip MS, Girach A, Lam BL, Fischer MD, Sankila EM, Pennesi ME, Holz FG, Maclaren RE, Birch DG, Hoyng CB, MacDonald IM, Black GC, Tsang SH, Bressler NM, Stepien KE, Larsen M, Gorin MB, Meunier I, Webster AR, Sadda S. Macular spatial distribution of preserved autofluorescence in patients with choroideremia. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 103:933-937. [PMID: 30297337 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To better understand the pattern of degeneration progression in cases with choroideremia. METHODS A cohort of genotypically confirmed choroideremia cases who underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging was studied. Using HEYEX review software, the foveal centre was marked on FAF images under guidance of corresponding OCT images, followed by application of an ETDRS grid. The boundaries of preserved autofluorescence (AF) were manually segmented in each individual ETDRS subfield. The regional distribution of preserved AF was assessed by comparing its area among the various subfields. RESULTS A total of 168 eyes from 84 choroideremia cases were enrolled. There was a statistically significant difference in the amount of preserved AF area between inner subfields as determined by one-way analysis of variance (F (3,668)=9.997, p<0.001) and also between outer subfields (F (3,668)=8.348, p<0.001). A Tukey posthoc test revealed that the preserved AF area in the nasal subfields in both the inner and outer subfields was significantly smaller compared with analogue subfields. CONCLUSION The asymmetric spatial distribution of preserved AF in choroideremia (corresponding to the stellate shaped nature of these regions) suggests that the progression of degeneration has directional preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Hariri
- Doheny Image Reading Center, Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine of the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael S Ip
- Doheny Image Reading Center, Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine of the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Byron L Lam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller, School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Mark Edward Pennesi
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Frank G Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert E Maclaren
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Universityof Oxford and Oxford University Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, Texas, USA
| | - David G Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ian M MacDonald
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Graeme C Black
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Neil M Bressler
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Michael Larsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael B Gorin
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine of the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Andrew R Webster
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - SriniVas Sadda
- Doheny Image Reading Center, Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California, USA .,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine of the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Gregori NZ, Callaway NF, Hoeppner C, Yuan A, Rachitskaya A, Feuer W, Ameri H, Arevalo JF, Augustin AJ, Birch DG, Dagnelie G, Grisanti S, Davis JL, Hahn P, Handa JT, Ho AC, Huang SS, Humayun MS, Iezzi R, Jayasundera KT, Kokame GT, Lam BL, Lim JI, Mandava N, Montezuma SR, Olmos de Koo L, Szurman P, Vajzovic L, Wiedemann P, Weiland J, Yan J, Zacks DN. Retinal Anatomy and Electrode Array Position in Retinitis Pigmentosa Patients After Argus II Implantation: An International Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2018; 193:87-99. [PMID: 29940167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the retinal anatomy and array position in Argus II retinal prosthesis recipients. DESIGN Prospective, noncomparative cohort study. METHODS Setting: International multicenter study. PATIENTS Argus II recipients enrolled in the Post-Market Surveillance Studies. PROCEDURES Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images collected for the Surveillance Studies (NCT01860092 and NCT01490827) were reviewed. Baseline and postoperative macular thickness, electrode-retina distance (gap), optic disc-array overlap, and preretinal membrane presence were recorded at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Axial retinal thickness and axial gap along the array's long axis (a line between the tack and handle); maximal retinal thickness and maximal gap along a B-scan near the tack, midline, and handle. RESULTS Thirty-three patients from 16 surgical sites in the United States and Germany were included. Mean axial retinal thickness increased from month 1 through month 12 at each location, but reached statistical significance only at the array midline (P = .007). The rate of maximal thickness increase was highest near the array midline (slope = 6.02, P = .004), compared to the tack (slope = 3.60, P < .001) or the handle (slope = 1.93, P = .368). The mean axial and maximal gaps decreased over the study period, and the mean maximal gap size decrease was significant at midline (P = .032). Optic disc-array overlap was seen in the minority of patients. Preretinal membranes were common before and after implantation. CONCLUSIONS Progressive macular thickening under the array was common and corresponded to decreased electrode-retina gap over time. By month 12, the array was completely apposed to the macula in approximately half of the eyes.
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50
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Schönbach EM, Strauss RW, Kong X, Muñoz B, Ibrahim MA, Sunness JS, Birch DG, Hahn GA, Nasser F, Zrenner E, Sadda SR, West SK, Scholl HPN. Longitudinal Changes of Fixation Location and Stability Within 12 Months in Stargardt Disease: ProgStar Report No. 12. Am J Ophthalmol 2018; 193:54-61. [PMID: 29890160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the natural history of Stargardt disease (STGD1) using fixation location and fixation stability. DESIGN Multicenter, international, prospective cohort study. METHODS Fixation testing was performed using the Nidek MP-1 microperimeter as part of the prospective, multicenter, natural history study on the Progression of Stargardt disease (ProgStar). A total of 238 patients with ABCA4-related STGD1 were enrolled at baseline (bilateral enrollment in 86.6%) and underwent repeat testing at months 6 and 12. RESULTS Outcome measures included the distance of the preferred retinal locus from the fovea (PRL) and the bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA). After 12 months of follow-up, the change in the eccentricity of the PRL from the anatomic fovea was -0.0014 degrees (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.27 degrees, 0.27 degrees; P = .99). The deterioration in the stability of fixation as expressed by a larger BCEA encompassing 1 standard deviation of all fixation points was 1.21 degrees squared (deg2) (95% CI, -1.23 deg2, 3.65 deg2; P = .33). Eyes with increases and decreases in PRL eccentricity and/or BCEA values were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our observations point to the complexity of fixation parameters. The association of increasingly eccentric and unstable fixation with longer disease duration that is typically found in cross-sectional studies may be countered within individual patients by poorly understood processes like neuronal adaptation. Nevertheless, fixation parameters may serve as useful secondary outcome parameters in selected cases and for counseling patients to explain changes to their visual functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne M Schönbach
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rupert W Strauss
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University, Graz, Austria; Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Xiangrong Kong
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Beatriz Muñoz
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohamed A Ibrahim
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Janet S Sunness
- Hoover Low Vision Rehabilitation Services, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David G Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Gesa-Astrid Hahn
- Center for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fadi Nasser
- Center for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eberhart Zrenner
- Center for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - SriniVas R Sadda
- Doheny Eye Institute, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sheila K West
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hendrik P N Scholl
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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