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Cirillo G, Vittorio O, Kunhardt D, Valli E, Voli F, Farfalla A, Curcio M, Spizzirri UG, Hampel S. Combining Carbon Nanotubes and Chitosan for the Vectorization of Methotrexate to Lung Cancer Cells. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E2889. [PMID: 31500165 PMCID: PMC6766185 DOI: 10.3390/ma12182889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid system composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes coated with chitosan was proposed as a pH-responsive carrier for the vectorization of methotrexate to lung cancer. The effective coating of the carbon nanostructure by chitosan, quantified (20% by weight) by thermogravimetric analysis, was assessed by combined scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (N1s signal), respectively. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize the interaction between polysaccharide and carbon counterparts. Methotrexate was physically loaded onto the nanohybrid and the release profiles showed a pH-responsive behavior with higher and faster release in acidic (pH 5.0) vs. neutral (pH 7.4) environments. Empty nanoparticles were found to be highly biocompatible in either healthy (MRC-5) or cancerous (H1299) cells, with the nanocarrier being effective in reducing the drug toxicity on MRC-5 while enhancing the anticancer activity on H1299.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cirillo
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Material Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - David Kunhardt
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Material Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Emanuele Valli
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Florida Voli
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
| | - Annafranca Farfalla
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Manuela Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Silke Hampel
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Material Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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Stania R, Seitsonen AP, Kunhardt D, Büchner B, Popov AA, Muntwiler M, Greber T. Electrostatic Interaction across a Single-Layer Carbon Shell. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:3586-3590. [PMID: 29902014 PMCID: PMC6837866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ions inside of fullerene molecules are model systems for the study of the electrostatic interaction across a single layer of carbon. For TbSc2N@C80 on h-BN/Ni(111), we observe with high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy a splitting of the C 1s core level. The data may be explained quantitatively with density functional theory. The correlation of the C 1s eigenvalues and the Coulomb potential of the inside ions at the corresponding carbon sites indicates incomplete screening of the electric field due to the endohedral ions. The screening comprises anisotropic charge transfer to the carbon atoms and their polarization. This behavior is essential for the ordering of endohedral single-molecule magnets and is expected to occur in any single-layer material.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Stania
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A. P. Seitsonen
- Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - D. Kunhardt
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Materials Research, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - B. Büchner
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Materials Research, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - A. A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Materials Research, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - M. Muntwiler
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T. Greber
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Kostanyan A, Westerström R, Zhang Y, Kunhardt D, Stania R, Büchner B, Popov AA, Greber T. Switching Molecular Conformation with the Torque on a Single Magnetic Moment. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:237202. [PMID: 29286680 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.237202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For the endohedral fullerene molecule HoLu_{2}N@C_{80}, it is shown that the endohedral HoLu_{2}N unit may be oriented in a magnetic field. The Ho magnetic moment is fixed in the strong ligand field and aligns along the holmium-nitrogen axis. The torque of a magnetic field on the Ho magnetic moment leads to a hopping bias of the endohedral unit inclining to an orientation parallel to the externally applied field. This endohedral cluster distribution remains frozen below the onset of thermally induced rotation of the endohedral units. We derive an analytical statistical model for the description of the effect that scales below 7 T with the square of the external field strength, and that allows us to resolve the freezing temperature of the endohedral hopping motion. The freezing temperature is around 55 K and depends on the cooling rate, which in turn determines an activation energy for the hopping motion of 185 meV and a prefactor of 1.8×10^{14} s^{-1}. For TbSc_{2}N@C_{80} we find the same behavior with a 3.5% higher freezing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Kostanyan
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rasmus Westerström
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Institute of Physics, University of Lund, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yang Zhang
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Kunhardt
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Roland Stania
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Kaufmann A, Hampel S, Rieger C, Kunhardt D, Schendel D, Füssel S, Schwenzer B, Erdmann K. Systematic evaluation of oligodeoxynucleotide binding and hybridization to modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:53. [PMID: 28716122 PMCID: PMC5513106 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to conventional chemotherapeutics, nucleic acid-based therapeutics like antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODN) represent a novel approach for the treatment of bladder cancer (BCa). An efficient delivery of AS-ODN to the urothelium and then into cancer cells might be achieved by the local application of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). In the present study, pristine MWCNT and MWCNT functionalized with hydrophilic moieties were synthesized and then investigated regarding their physicochemical characteristics, dispersibility, biocompatibility, cellular uptake and mucoadhesive properties. Finally, their binding capacity for AS-ODN via hybridization to carrier strand oligodeoxynucleotides (CS-ODN), which were either non-covalently adsorbed or covalently bound to the different MWCNT types, was evaluated. RESULTS Pristine MWCNT were successfully functionalized with hydrophilic moieties (MWCNT-OH, -COOH, -NH2, -SH), which led to an improved dispersibility and an enhanced dispersion stability. A viability assay revealed that MWCNT-OH, MWCNT-NH2 and MWCNT-SH were most biocompatible. All MWCNT were internalized by BCa cells, whereupon the highest uptake was observed for MWCNT-OH with 40% of the cells showing an engulfment. Furthermore, all types of MWCNT could adhere to the urothelium of explanted mouse bladders, but the amount of the covered urothelial area was with 2-7% rather low. As indicated by fluorescence measurements, it was possible to attach CS-ODN by adsorption and covalent binding to functionalized MWCNT. Adsorption of CS-ODN to pristine MWCNT, MWCNT-COOH and MWCNT-NH2 as well as covalent coupling to MWCNT-NH2 and MWCNT-SH resulted in the best binding capacity and stability. Subsequently, therapeutic AS-ODN could be hybridized to and reversibly released from the CS-ODN coupled via both strategies to the functionalized MWCNT. The release of AS-ODN at experimental conditions (80 °C, buffer) was most effective from CS-ODN adsorbed to MWCNT-OH and MWCNT-NH2 as well as from CS-ODN covalently attached to MWCNT-COOH, MWCNT-NH2 and MWCNT-SH. Furthermore, we could exemplarily demonstrate that AS-ODN could be released following hybridization to CS-ODN adsorbed to MWCNT-OH at physiological settings (37 °C, urine). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, functionalized MWCNT might be used as nanotransporters in antisense therapy for the local treatment of BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Kaufmann
- Chair of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Nanostructured Materials, Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Silke Hampel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christiane Rieger
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Kunhardt
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Darja Schendel
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Füssel
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Schwenzer
- Chair of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kati Erdmann
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Castro Nava A, Cojoc M, Peitzsch C, Cirillo G, Kurth I, Fuessel S, Erdmann K, Kunhardt D, Vittorio O, Hampel S, Dubrovska A. Development of novel radiochemotherapy approaches targeting prostate tumor progenitor cells using nanohybrids. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2492-503. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Castro Nava
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology; Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Fetscherstrasse 74 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Material Research Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Monica Cojoc
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology; Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Fetscherstrasse 74 Dresden Germany
| | - Claudia Peitzsch
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology; Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Fetscherstrasse 74 Dresden Germany
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy; Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria; Arcavacata Di Rende Italy
| | - Ina Kurth
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology; Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Fetscherstrasse 74 Dresden Germany
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology; Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden; Fetscherstrasse 74 Dresden Germany
| | - Kati Erdmann
- Department of Urology; Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden; Fetscherstrasse 74 Dresden Germany
| | - David Kunhardt
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Material Research Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia Lowy Cancer Research Centre; UNSW Sydney Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Silke Hampel
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Material Research Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology; Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Fetscherstrasse 74 Dresden Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
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Rieger C, Kunhardt D, Kaufmann A, Schendel D, Huebner D, Erdmann K, Propping S, Wirth MP, Schwenzer B, Fuessel S, Hampel S. Characterization of different carbon nanotubes for the development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system for intravesical treatment of bladder cancer. Int J Pharm 2015; 479:357-63. [PMID: 25595385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to increase the effectiveness of therapeutics for bladder carcinoma (BCa) treatment, alternative strategies for intravesical applications are needed. The use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as basis for a multifunctional drug transporter is a promising possibility to combine traditional chemotherapeutics with innovative therapeutic agents such as antisense oligodeoxynucleotides or small interfering RNA. In the current study four CNT types varying in length and diameter (CNT-1, CNT-2, CNT-3, CNT-4) were synthesized and then characterized with different spectroscopic techniques. Compared to the pristine CNT-1 and CNT-3, the shortened CNT-2 and CNT-4 exhibited more defects and lower aspect ratios. To analyze their mucoadhesive properties, CNTs were exposed to mouse bladders ex vivo by using Franz diffusion cells. All four tested CNT types were able to adhere to the urothelium with a mean covering area of 5-10%. In vitro studies on UM-UC-3 and EJ28 BCa cells were conducted to evaluate the toxic potential of these CNTs. Viability and cytotoxicity assays revealed that the shortened CNT-2 and CNT-4 induced stronger inhibitory effects on BCa cells than CNT-1 and CNT-3. In conclusion, CNT-1 and CNT-3 showed the most promising properties for further optimization of a multifunctional drug transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Kunhardt
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Germany.
| | - Anika Kaufmann
- Chair of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
| | - Darja Schendel
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
| | - Doreen Huebner
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
| | - Kati Erdmann
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
| | - Stefan Propping
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
| | - Manfred P Wirth
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
| | - Bernd Schwenzer
- Chair of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
| | - Silke Hampel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Germany.
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Kaufmann A, Kunhardt D, Cirillo G, Hampel S, Schwenzer B. Functionalized carbon nanotubes as transporters for antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:7000-7008. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00915k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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