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Abstract
After decades of research and development, recombinant protein polymers have begun to find applications outside the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Several recombinant derivatives of natural structural proteins are now being sold in personal care products, providing novel functionality while also being animal-free, not derived from petroleum, biocompatible, and biodegradable. Consumers are now demanding these material characteristics in their personal care products, and a backlog of well-characterized recombinant protein polymers could become the future of personal care ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Breslauer
- Bolt Threads, 5858 Horton Street, Suite 400, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
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Sinn I, Albertson T, Kinnunen P, Breslauer DN, McNaughton BH, Burns MA, Kopelman R. Asynchronous magnetic bead rotation microviscometer for rapid, sensitive, and label-free studies of bacterial growth and drug sensitivity. Anal Chem 2012; 84:5250-6. [PMID: 22507307 PMCID: PMC3381929 DOI: 10.1021/ac300128p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The long turnaround time in antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) endangers patients and encourages the administration of wide spectrum antibiotics, thus resulting in alarming increases of multidrug resistant pathogens. A method for faster detection of bacterial proliferation presents one avenue toward addressing this global concern. We report on a label-free asynchronous magnetic bead rotation (AMBR) based viscometry method that rapidly detects bacterial growth and determines drug sensitivity by measuring changes in the suspension's viscosity. With this platform, we observed the growth of a uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolate, with an initial concentration of 50 cells per drop, within 20 min; in addition, we determined the gentamicin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the E. coli isolate within 100 min. We thus demonstrated a label-free, microviscometer platform that can measure bacterial growth and drug susceptibility more rapidly, with lower initial bacterial counts than existing commercial systems, and potentially with any microbial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sinn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136
| | - Theodore Albertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1040
| | - Paivo Kinnunen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, 2477 Randall Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1120
| | | | - Brandon H. McNaughton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, 2477 Randall Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1120
| | - Mark A. Burns
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136
| | - Raoul Kopelman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1040
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, 2477 Randall Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1120
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Affiliation(s)
- David N. Breslauer
- UCSF/UC Berkeley Bioengineering Graduate Group, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Susan J. Muller
- UCSF/UC Berkeley Bioengineering Graduate Group, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Luke P. Lee
- UCSF/UC Berkeley Bioengineering Graduate Group, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
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Breslauer DN, Maamari RN, Switz NA, Lam WA, Fletcher DA. Mobile phone based clinical microscopy for global health applications. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6320. [PMID: 19623251 PMCID: PMC2709430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Light microscopy provides a simple, cost-effective, and vital method for the diagnosis and screening of hematologic and infectious diseases. In many regions of the world, however, the required equipment is either unavailable or insufficiently portable, and operators may not possess adequate training to make full use of the images obtained. Counterintuitively, these same regions are often well served by mobile phone networks, suggesting the possibility of leveraging portable, camera-enabled mobile phones for diagnostic imaging and telemedicine. Toward this end we have built a mobile phone-mounted light microscope and demonstrated its potential for clinical use by imaging P. falciparum-infected and sickle red blood cells in brightfield and M. tuberculosis-infected sputum samples in fluorescence with LED excitation. In all cases resolution exceeded that necessary to detect blood cell and microorganism morphology, and with the tuberculosis samples we took further advantage of the digitized images to demonstrate automated bacillus counting via image analysis software. We expect such a telemedicine system for global healthcare via mobile phone – offering inexpensive brightfield and fluorescence microscopy integrated with automated image analysis – to provide an important tool for disease diagnosis and screening, particularly in the developing world and rural areas where laboratory facilities are scarce but mobile phone infrastructure is extensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N. Breslauer
- UCSF/UC Berkeley Bioengineering Graduate Group
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Robi N. Maamari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Neil A. Switz
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Wilbur A. Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Fletcher
- UCSF/UC Berkeley Bioengineering Graduate Group
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- David N. Breslauer
- UCSF/UC Berkeley Bioengineering Graduate Group, Bionanotechnology Center, and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Luke P. Lee
- UCSF/UC Berkeley Bioengineering Graduate Group, Bionanotechnology Center, and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Susan J. Muller
- UCSF/UC Berkeley Bioengineering Graduate Group, Bionanotechnology Center, and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
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Abstract
We present a novel approach for the ultra-rapid direct patterning of complex three-dimensional, stacked polystyrene (PS) microfluidic chips. By leveraging the inherent shrinkage properties of biaxially pre-stressed thermoplastic sheets, microfluidic channels become thinner and deeper upon heating. Design conception to fully functional chips can thus be completed within minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Shuo Chen
- School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, USA
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Grimes A, Breslauer DN, Long M, Pegan J, Lee LP, Khine M. Shrinky-Dink microfluidics: rapid generation of deep and rounded patterns. Lab Chip 2008; 8:170-2. [PMID: 18094775 DOI: 10.1039/b711622e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a rapid and non-photolithographic approach to microfluidic pattern generation by leveraging the inherent shrinkage properties of biaxially oriented polystyrene thermoplastic sheets. This novel approach yields channels deep enough for mammalian cell assays, with demonstrated heights up to 80 microm. Moreover, we can consistently and easily achieve rounded channels, multi-height channels, and channels as thin as 65 microm in width. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of this simple microfabrication approach by fabricating a functional gradient generator. The whole process--from device design conception to working device--can be completed within minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Grimes
- School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, USA
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Abstract
We present an integrated microfluidic cell culture and lysis platform for automated cell analysis that improves on systems which require multiple reagents and manual procedures. Through the combination of previous technologies developed in our lab (namely, on-chip cell culture and electrochemical cell lysis) we have designed, fabricated, and characterized an integrated microfluidic platform capable of culturing HeLa, MCF-7, Jurkat, and CHO-K1 cells for up to five days and subsequently lysing the cells without the need to add lysing reagents. On-demand lysis was accomplished by local hydroxide ion generation within microfluidic chambers, releasing both proteinacious (GFP) and genetic (Hoescht-stained DNA) material. Sample proteins exposed to the electrochemical lysis conditions were immunodetectable (p53) and their enzymatic activity (HRP) was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tanner Nevill
- Biomolecular Nanotechnology Center, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, UCSF/UCB Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- G Eric Plum
- IBET, Inc, Columbus, OH, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Abstract
Systems biology seeks to develop a complete understanding of cellular mechanisms by studying the functions of intra- and inter-cellular molecular interactions that trigger and coordinate cellular events. However, the complexity of biological systems causes accurate and precise systems biology experimentation to be a difficult task. Most biological experimentation focuses on highly detailed investigation of a single signaling mechanism, which lacks the throughput necessary to reconstruct the entirety of the biological system, while high-throughput testing often lacks the fidelity and detail necessary to fully comprehend the mechanisms of signal propagation. Systems biology experimentation, however, can benefit greatly from the progress in the development of microfluidic devices. Microfluidics provides the opportunity to study cells effectively on both a single- and multi-cellular level with high-resolution and localized application of experimental conditions with biomimetic physiological conditions. Additionally, the ability to massively array devices on a chip opens the door for high-throughput, high fidelity experimentation to aid in accurate and precise unraveling of the intertwined signaling systems that compose the inner workings of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Breslauer
- UCSF/UC Berkeley Bioengineering Graduate Group, Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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