1
|
Moss B, Svane KL, Nieto-Castro D, Rao RR, Scott SB, Tseng C, Sachs M, Pennathur A, Liang C, Oldham LI, Mazzolini E, Jurado L, Sankar G, Parry S, Celorrio V, Dawlaty JM, Rossmeisl J, Galán-Mascarós JR, Stephens IEL, Durrant JR. Cooperative Effects Drive Water Oxidation Catalysis in Cobalt Electrocatalysts through the Destabilization of Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8915-8927. [PMID: 38517290 PMCID: PMC10995992 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
A barrier to understanding the factors driving catalysis in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is understanding multiple overlapping redox transitions in the OER catalysts. The complexity of these transitions obscure the relationship between the coverage of adsorbates and OER kinetics, leading to an experimental challenge in measuring activity descriptors, such as binding energies, as well as adsorbate interactions, which may destabilize intermediates and modulate their binding energies. Herein, we utilize a newly designed optical spectroelectrochemistry system to measure these phenomena in order to contrast the behavior of two electrocatalysts, cobalt oxyhydroxide (CoOOH) and cobalt-iron hexacyanoferrate (cobalt-iron Prussian blue, CoFe-PB). Three distinct optical spectra are observed in each catalyst, corresponding to three separate redox transitions, the last of which we show to be active for the OER using time-resolved spectroscopy and electrochemical mass spectroscopy. By combining predictions from density functional theory with parameters obtained from electroadsorption isotherms, we demonstrate that a destabilization of catalytic intermediates occurs with increasing coverage. In CoOOH, a strong (∼0.34 eV/monolayer) destabilization of a strongly bound catalytic intermediate is observed, leading to a potential offset between the accumulation of the intermediate and measurable O2 evolution. We contrast these data to CoFe-PB, where catalytic intermediate generation and O2 evolution onset coincide due to weaker binding and destabilization (∼0.19 eV/monolayer). By considering a correlation between activation energy and binding strength, we suggest that such adsorbate driven destabilization may account for a significant fraction of the observed OER catalytic activity in both materials. Finally, we disentangle the effects of adsorbate interactions on state coverages and kinetics to show how adsorbate interactions determine the observed Tafel slopes. Crucially, the case of CoFe-PB shows that, even where interactions are weaker, adsorption remains non-Nernstian, which strongly influences the observed Tafel slope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Moss
- Imperial
College London, Molecular Sciences
Research Hub (MSRH), 82
Wood Lane, London W120BZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Nieto-Castro
- Institut
Català d’Investigació Química (ICIQ), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Reshma R. Rao
- Imperial
College London, Molecular Sciences
Research Hub (MSRH), 82
Wood Lane, London W120BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Soren B. Scott
- Imperial
College London, Molecular Sciences
Research Hub (MSRH), 82
Wood Lane, London W120BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Cindy Tseng
- Imperial
College London, Molecular Sciences
Research Hub (MSRH), 82
Wood Lane, London W120BZ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1062, United
States
| | - Michael Sachs
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Anuj Pennathur
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1062, United
States
| | - Caiwu Liang
- Imperial
College London, Molecular Sciences
Research Hub (MSRH), 82
Wood Lane, London W120BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Louise I. Oldham
- Imperial
College London, Molecular Sciences
Research Hub (MSRH), 82
Wood Lane, London W120BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Mazzolini
- Imperial
College London, Molecular Sciences
Research Hub (MSRH), 82
Wood Lane, London W120BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lole Jurado
- Institut
Català d’Investigació Química (ICIQ), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gopinathan Sankar
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Stephen Parry
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell
Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Ave., Didcot OX11 0D, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica Celorrio
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell
Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Ave., Didcot OX11 0D, United Kingdom
| | - Jahan M. Dawlaty
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1062, United
States
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, 2100 København
Ø, Denmark
| | - J. R. Galán-Mascarós
- Institut
Català d’Investigació Química (ICIQ), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ifan E. L. Stephens
- Imperial
College London, Molecular Sciences
Research Hub (MSRH), 82
Wood Lane, London W120BZ, United Kingdom
| | - James R. Durrant
- Imperial
College London, Molecular Sciences
Research Hub (MSRH), 82
Wood Lane, London W120BZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moneo-Corcuera A, Nieto-Castro D, Cirera J, Gómez V, Sanjosé-Orduna J, Casadevall C, Molnár G, Bousseksou A, Parella T, Martínez-Agudo JM, Lloret-Fillol J, Pérez-Temprano MH, Ruiz E, Galán-Mascarós JR. Synthesis and characterization of highly diluted polyanionic iron(II) spin crossover systems. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102394. [PMID: 37392390 PMCID: PMC10338372 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Spin crossover (SCO) complexes, through their reversible spin transition under external stimuli, can work as switchable memory materials. Here, we present a protocol for the synthesis and characterization of a specific polyanionic iron SCO complex and its diluted systems. We describe steps for its synthesis and the determination of crystallographic structure of the SCO complex in diluted systems. We then detail a range of spectroscopic and magnetic techniques employed to monitor the spin state of the SCO complex in both diluted solid- and liquid-state systems. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Galán-Mascaros et al.1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Moneo-Corcuera
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - David Nieto-Castro
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Cirera
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Gómez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jesús Sanjosé-Orduna
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carla Casadevall
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili (URV), C/ Marcel.lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gábor Molnár
- LCC, CNRS & University of Toulouse (UPS, INPT), 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Azzedine Bousseksou
- LCC, CNRS & University of Toulouse (UPS, INPT), 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José María Martínez-Agudo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Julio Lloret-Fillol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Helvia Pérez-Temprano
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ramón Galán-Mascarós
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sánchez-Molina I, Nieto-Castro D, Moneo-Corcuera A, Martínez-Ferrero E, Galán-Mascarós JR. Synergic Bistability between Spin Transition and Fluorescence in Polyfluorene Composites with Spin Crossover Polymers. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10479-10485. [PMID: 34677055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, several examples of materials combining the molecular bistability of spin crossover (SC) and fluorescent moieties have flourished in the literature. Fluorescence is a sensitive probe, and SC may provide modulation of the signal, thus affording systems in which physicochemical changes in the environment of the SC centers could be effectively detected. On the contrary, organic semiconductor polymers are of great interest and, furthermore, have been successfully applied in different optoelectronic devices, such as transistors, solar cells, and light-emitting devices. Herein, we report on the fabrication of composites comprising a fluorescent, organic semiconductor polymer (polyfluorene) and a spin crossover compound, an Fe(II)-triazole coordination polymer. A strong synergy was observed between the spin transition of the Fe(II) compound and variations in the fluorescence of the organic polymer. The fluorescence modulation was shown to be reversible, with an increase of ≤20% with respect to the original value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sánchez-Molina
- Institut Catalá d'Investigació Química (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - David Nieto-Castro
- Institut Catalá d'Investigació Química (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Andrea Moneo-Corcuera
- Institut Catalá d'Investigació Química (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eugenia Martínez-Ferrero
- Institut Catalá d'Investigació Química (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - José Ramon Galán-Mascarós
- Institut Catalá d'Investigació Química (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moneo-Corcuera A, Pato-Doldan B, Sánchez-Molina I, Nieto-Castro D, Galán-Mascarós JR. Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of Trinuclear Transition Metal Complexes (Mn II, Co II, Ni II and Cu II) with Bridging Sulfonate-Functionalized 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196020. [PMID: 34641564 PMCID: PMC8512707 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present the synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of complexes of general formula (Mn)(Me2NH2)4][Mn3(μ-L)6(H2O)6] and (Me2NH2)6[M3(μ-L)6(H2O)6] (M = CoII, NiII and CuII); L−2 = 4-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl) ethanedisulfonate). The trinuclear polyanions were isolated as dimethylammonium salts, and their crystal structures determined by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data. The polyanionic part of these salts have the same molecular structure, which consists of a linear array of metal(II) ions linked by triple N1-N2-triazole bridges. In turn, the composition and crystal packing of the MnII salt differs from the rest of the complexes (with six dimethyl ammonia as countercations) in containing one Mn+2 and four dimethyl ammonia as countercations. Magnetic data indicate dominant intramolecular antiferromagnetic interactions stabilizing a paramagnetic ground state. Susceptibility data have been successfully modeled with a simple isotropic Hamiltonian for a centrosymmetric linear trimer, H = −2J (S1S2 + S2S3) with super-exchange parameters J = −0.4 K for MnII, −7.5 K for NiII and −45 K for CuII complex. The magnetic properties of these complexes and their easy processing opens unique possibilities for their incorporation as magnetic molecular probes into such hybrid materials as magnetic/conducting multifunctional materials or as dopant for organic conducting polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Moneo-Corcuera
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (B.P.-D.); (I.S.-M.); (D.N.-C.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.-C.); (J.R.G.-M.)
| | - Breogán Pato-Doldan
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (B.P.-D.); (I.S.-M.); (D.N.-C.)
| | - Irene Sánchez-Molina
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (B.P.-D.); (I.S.-M.); (D.N.-C.)
| | - David Nieto-Castro
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (B.P.-D.); (I.S.-M.); (D.N.-C.)
- Departament de Química Física I Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - José Ramón Galán-Mascarós
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (B.P.-D.); (I.S.-M.); (D.N.-C.)
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.M.-C.); (J.R.G.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nieto-Castro D, Garcés-Pineda FA, Moneo-Corcuera A, Pato-Doldan B, Gispert-Guirado F, Benet-Buchholz J, Galán-Mascarós JR. Effect of Mechanochemical Recrystallization on the Thermal Hysteresis of 1D Fe II-triazole Spin Crossover Polymers. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:7953-7959. [PMID: 32338886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The thermal hysteresis in the cooperative spin crossover (SCO) polymer [Fe(trz)(Htrz)2]n[BF4]n (1) has been tuned by a simple ball milling grinding process. Mechanical treatment affects the size and morphology of the crystallite domains, as confirmed by multiple complementary techniques, including ESEM, DLS, and PXRD data. Upon milling, the regular cubic shape particles recrystallize with slightly different unit cell parameters and preferential orientation. This macroscopic change significantly modifies the thermally induced SCO behavior, studied by temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility, X-ray diffraction, and DSC analysis. Transition temperatures downshift, closer to room temperature, while hysteresis widens, when particle sizes are actually decreasing. We relate this counterintuitive observation to subtle modifications in the unit cell, offering new alternatives to tune and enhance SCO properties in this class of 1D-cooperative polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Nieto-Castro
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, C/Marcel lí Domingo, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Felipe A Garcés-Pineda
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Andrea Moneo-Corcuera
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, C/Marcel lí Domingo, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Breogán Pato-Doldan
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francesc Gispert-Guirado
- Univ. Rovira I Virgili, Scientific Resources Service, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - José Ramón Galán-Mascarós
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,ICREA, Passeig Llüis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moneo-Corcuera A, Nieto-Castro D, Sáenz de Pipaón C, Gómez V, Maldonado-Illescas P, Galan-Mascaros JR. Tuning the spin crossover behavior of the polyanion [(H2O)6Fe3(μ-L)6]6–: the case of the cesium salt. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11895-11902. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01339j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cation exchange transforms the gradual spin transition of the trimer [(H2O)6Fe3(μ-L)6]6– into an abrupt transition with a wide hysteresis above room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Moneo-Corcuera
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - David Nieto-Castro
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Cristina Sáenz de Pipaón
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Verónica Gómez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Pilar Maldonado-Illescas
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Jose Ramon Galan-Mascaros
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
- ICREA
| |
Collapse
|