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Oschwald J, Reger D, Frühwald S, Warmbrunn V, Görling A, Jux N, Drewello T. Experimental and Theoretical Structure Elucidation of the [2 : 1] Complex Ion of Carbo[n]helicene with n=6, 7 and 8 and Ag . Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300496. [PMID: 37578805 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase complexes of [n]helicenes with n=6, 7 and 8 and the silver(I) cation are generated utilizing electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Besides the well-established [1 : 1] helicene/Ag+ -complex in which the helicene provides a tweezer-like surrounding for the Ag+ , there is also a [2 : 1] complex formed. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations in conjunction with energy-resolved collision-induced dissociation (ER-CID) experiments reveal that the second helicene attaches via π-π stacking to the first helicene, which is part of the pre-formed [1 : 1] tweezer complex with Ag+ . For polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of planar structure, the [2 : 1] complex with silver(I) is typically structured as an Ag+ -bound dimer in which the Ag+ would bind to both PAHs as the central metal ion (PAH-Ag+ -PAH). For helicenes, the Ag+ -bound dimer is of similar thermochemical stability as the π-π stacked dimer, however, it is kinetically inaccessible. Coronene (Cor) is investigated in comparison to the helicenes as an essentially planar PAH. In analogy to the π-π stacked dimer of the helicenes, the Cor-Ag+ -Cor-Cor complex is also observed. Competition experiments using [n]helicene mixtures reveal that the tweezer complexes of Ag+ are preferably formed with the larger helicenes, with n=6 being entirely ignored as the host for Ag+ in the presence of n=7 or 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Oschwald
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Reger
- Organic Chemistry II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Current affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Frühwald
- Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vera Warmbrunn
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Organic Chemistry II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Oschwald J, Reger D, Frühwald S, Warmbrunn V, Görling A, Jux N, Drewello T. Experimental and Theoretical Structure Elucidation of the [2 : 1] Complex Ion of Carbo[n]helicene with n=6, 7 and 8 and Ag . Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300704. [PMID: 37919872 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The front cover artwork illustrates the competition of [6]-, [7]- and [8]helicene for attaining a silver(I) cation. This struggle takes place in the electrospray process during solvent evaporation, leading to the well-known tweezer-like surrounding of Ag+ by the helicene in the [1:1] complex. In this competition, the larger helicenes outperform the smaller ones. The main topic of our investigation, however, is the resulting [2:1] complex in which a second helicene attaches via π-π stacking to the [1:1] tweezer complex. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202300496.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Oschwald
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Reger
- Organic Chemistry II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Current affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Frühwald
- Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vera Warmbrunn
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Organic Chemistry II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Kinzelmann M, Reger D, Warmbrunn V, Lungerich D, Jux N, Drewello T. Superhelicenes in the gas phase: experimental and computational evidence of stable radical cation dimers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:5882-5885. [PMID: 37097081 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01312j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) readily produces stable radical cation π-dimers of the superhelicenes. Energy-resolved collision experiments reveal the dissociation of the dicationic dimer into two singly charged superhelicenes. DFT calculations indicate that open-shell dications composed of two radical cations are thermochemically more attractive than the closed-shell dimer formed by a doubly charged and a neutral superhelicene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kinzelmann
- Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - David Reger
- Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Vera Warmbrunn
- Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Norbert Jux
- Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Reger D, Merzari E, Balestra P, Schunert S, Hassan Y, Yuan H. An improved pressure drop correlation for modeling localized effects in a pebble bed reactor. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2022.112123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Giudicelli GL, Abou-Jaoude A, Novak AJ, Abdelhameed A, Balestra P, Charlot L, Fang J, Feng B, Folk T, Freile R, Freyman T, Gaston D, Harbour L, Hua T, Jiang W, Martin N, Miao Y, Miller J, Naupa I, O’Grady D, Reger D, Shemon E, Stauff N, Tano M, Terlizzi S, Walker S, Permann C. The Virtual Test Bed (VTB) Repository: A Library of Reference Reactor Models Using NEAMS Tools. NUCL SCI ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00295639.2022.2142440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - April J. Novak
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439
| | - Ahmed Abdelhameed
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439
| | - Paolo Balestra
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415
| | - Lise Charlot
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415
| | - Jun Fang
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439
| | - Bo Feng
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439
| | - Thomas Folk
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415
| | - Ramiro Freile
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415
| | - Thomas Freyman
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415
| | - Derek Gaston
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415
| | - Logan Harbour
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415
| | - Thanh Hua
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439
| | - Wen Jiang
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415
| | - Nicolas Martin
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415
| | - Yinbin Miao
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439
| | - Jason Miller
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415
| | - Isaac Naupa
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415
| | - Dan O’Grady
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439
| | - David Reger
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415
| | - Emily Shemon
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439
| | - Nicolas Stauff
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439
| | - Mauricio Tano
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415
| | - Stefano Terlizzi
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415
| | - Samuel Walker
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415
| | - Cody Permann
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415
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Reger D, Merzari E, Balestra P, Schunert S, Hassan Y, Yuan H, Lan YH, Fischer P, Min M. Pressure Drop Correlation Improvement for the Near-Wall Region of Pebble-Bed Reactors. NUCL TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2022.2108688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Reger
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16803
| | - Elia Merzari
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16803
| | | | | | | | - Haomin Yuan
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439
| | | | - Paul Fischer
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439
| | - Misun Min
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439
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Stewart R, Balestra P, Reger D, Merzari E. Generation of localized reactor point kinetics parameters using coupled neutronic and thermal fluid models for pebble-bed reactor transient analysis. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2022.109143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Reger D, Haines P, Amsharov KY, Schmidt JA, Ullrich T, Bönisch S, Hampel F, Görling A, Nelson J, Jelfs KE, Guldi DM, Jux N. A Family of Superhelicenes: Easily Tunable, Chiral Nanographenes by Merging Helicity with Planar π Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Konstantin Y. Amsharov
- Institute for Organic Chemistry Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Julia A. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London White City Campus, Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Tobias Ullrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Simon Bönisch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London White City Campus, Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
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Reger D, Haines P, Amsharov KY, Schmidt JA, Ullrich T, Bönisch S, Hampel F, Görling A, Nelson J, Jelfs KE, Guldi DM, Jux N. A Family of Superhelicenes: Easily Tunable, Chiral Nanographenes by Merging Helicity with Planar π Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18073-18081. [PMID: 34014601 PMCID: PMC8456895 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We designed a straightforward synthetic route towards a full-fledged family of π-extended helicenes: superhelicenes. They have two hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) in common that are connected via a central five-membered ring. By means of structurally altering this 5-membered ring, we realized a versatile library of molecular building blocks. Not only the superhelicene structure, but also their features are tuned with ease. In-depth physico-chemical characterizations served as a proof of concept thereof. The superhelicene enantiomers were separated, their circular dichroism was measured in preliminary studies and concluded with an enantiomeric assignment. Our work was rounded-off by crystal structure analyses. Mixed stacks of M- and P-isomers led to twisted molecular wires. Using such stacks, charge-carrier mobilities were calculated, giving reason to expect outstanding hole transporting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Konstantin Y. Amsharov
- Institute for Organic ChemistryMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergKurt-Mothes-Straße 206120HalleGermany
| | - Julia A. Schmidt
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonWhite City Campus, Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Tobias Ullrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Simon Bönisch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of PhysicsImperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonWhite City Campus, Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
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Novak AJ, Carlsen RW, Schunert S, Balestra P, Reger D, Slaybaugh RN, Martineau RC. Pronghorn: A Multidimensional Coarse-Mesh Application for Advanced Reactor Thermal Hydraulics. NUCL TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2020.1825307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Novak
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nuclear Engineering, 3115 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | - S. Schunert
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho
| | - P. Balestra
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho
| | - D. Reger
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Nuclear Engineering, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - R. N. Slaybaugh
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nuclear Engineering, 3115 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California 94720
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Abstract
In this work we present the solution‐synthesis of pyridine analogues to hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC)—which might be called superpyridines—via a novel precursor design. The key step in our strategy was the pre‐formation of the C−C bonds between the 3/3’ positions of the pyridine and the adjacent phenyl rings—bonds that are otherwise unreactive and difficult to close under Scholl‐conditions. Apart from the synthesis of the parent compound we show that classical pyridine chemistry, namely oxidation, N‐alkylation and metal‐coordination is applicable to the π‐extended analogue. Furthermore, we present basic physical chemical characterizations of the newly synthesized molecules. With this novel synthetic strategy, we hope to unlock the pyridine chemistry of nanographenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy &, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kilian Schöll
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy &, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy &, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Maid
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy &, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy &, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Haines P, Reger D, Träg J, Strauss V, Lungerich D, Zahn D, Jux N, Guldi DM. On the photophysics of nanographenes - investigation of functionalized hexa- peri-hexabenzocoronenes as model systems. Nanoscale 2021; 13:801-809. [PMID: 33410836 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06802k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report on hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) as representative models for nanographenes. To this end, we synthesized a family of functionalized HBCs and investigated the impact of the substituents on the π-extended systems of the HBCs. DFT and TD-DFT calculations suggested a charge transfer character, which intensified as the electron density withdrawing effects of the substituents (-M-effect) increased. Unambiguous corroboration of the charge transfer character in the case of NO2-substituents was realized via steady-state absorption and fluorescence experiments, which focused on the dependencies on the solvent polarity and temperature featuring. Going beyond HBCs with NO2-substituents, time-correlated single photon counting, and femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy unveiled long-lived singlet and triplet excited states. As a complement, we performed electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical measurements. These measurements were carried out to shed light onto the nature of the functionalized HBCs as electron acceptors and/or donors, on the one hand, and their corresponding spectroscopic signatures, on the other hand. All of the aforementioned information enabled intermolecular charge separation assays with, for example, suitable electron acceptors by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Träg
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer Chemistry Center (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Volker Strauss
- Max Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea and Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME) Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dirk Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer Chemistry Center (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Dusold C, Platzer B, Haines P, Reger D, Jux N, Guldi DM, Hirsch A. A Functional Hexaphenylbenzene Library Comprising of One, Three, and Six Peripheral Rylene-Diimide Substituents. Chemistry 2021; 27:1670-1679. [PMID: 33140885 PMCID: PMC7898621 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of a series of rylene-diimide substituted hexaphenylbenzenes (HPBs) is presented. The direct connection of the rylene-diimide units to the HPBs via the imide-N-position without any linkers as well as the use of naphthalene-diimides (NDIs) next to perylene-diimides (PDIs) is unprecedented. While mono-substituted products were obtained by imidization reactions with amino-HPB and the respective rylene-monoimides, key step for the formation of tri- and hexa-substituted HPBs is the Co-catalysed cyclotrimerization. Particular emphasis for physic-chemical characterization was on to the number of NDIs/PDIs per HPB and the overall substitution patterns. Lastly, Scholl oxidation conditions were applied to all HPB systems to generate the corresponding hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs). Importantly, the efficiency of the transformation strongly depends on the number of NDIs/PDIs. While three rylene-diimide units already hinder the Scholl reaction, the successful synthesis of mono-substituted HBCs is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Dusold
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Benedikt Platzer
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - David Reger
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Dirk. M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
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14
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Wade J, Brandt JR, Reger D, Zinna F, Amsharov KY, Jux N, Andrews DL, Fuchter MJ. 500-Fold Amplification of Small Molecule Circularly Polarised Luminescence through Circularly Polarised FRET. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:222-227. [PMID: 33030274 PMCID: PMC7839560 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Strongly dissymmetric circularly polarised (CP) luminescence from small organic molecules could transform a range of technologies, such as display devices. However, highly dissymmetric emission is usually not possible with small organic molecules, which typically give dissymmetric factors of photoluminescence (gPL ) less than 10-2 . Here we describe an almost 103 -fold chiroptical amplification of a π-extended superhelicene when embedded in an achiral conjugated polymer matrix. This combination increases the |gPL | of the superhelicene from approximately 3×10-4 in solution to 0.15 in a blend film in the solid-state. We propose that the amplification arises not simply through a chiral environment effect, but instead due to electrodynamic coupling between the electric and magnetic transition dipoles of the polymer donor and superhelicene acceptor, and subsequent CP Förster resonance energy transfer. We show that this amplification effect holds across several achiral polymer hosts and thus represents a simple and versatile approach to enhance the g-factors of small organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wade
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonWhite City Campus, 82 Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
- Institute for Molecular Science and Engineering and Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Jochen R. Brandt
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonWhite City Campus, 82 Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
- Institute for Molecular Science and Engineering and Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - David Reger
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica IndustrialeUniversità di PisaVia Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Konstantin Y. Amsharov
- Institute for Organic ChemistryMartin-Luther-Universität Halle-WittenbergKurt-Mothes-Straße 206120HalleGermany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | | | - Matthew J. Fuchter
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonWhite City Campus, 82 Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
- Institute for Molecular Science and Engineering and Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondonSW7 2AZUK
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15
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Reger D, Hampel F, Jux N. Crystal Engineering of Sterically Shielded Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structures of four pentakis-tert-butyl hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs), each with an additional sixth substituent namely iodide, methoxy, formyl, and nitro, are presented. We show that the additional substituent has a significant impact on the packing in the solid state and the data obtained can be utilised for crystal engineering. By introducing an electron accepting substituent it was possible to achieve columnar arrangements that were previously unknown for such highly tert-butylated HBCs. In this way we provide insight into the aggregation behaviour of nanographenes with sterically highly shielded edges.
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16
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Wade J, Brandt JR, Reger D, Zinna F, Amsharov KY, Jux N, Andrews DL, Fuchter MJ. 500‐Fold Amplification of Small Molecule Circularly Polarised Luminescence through Circularly Polarised FRET. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wade
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
- Institute for Molecular Science and Engineering and Centre for Processable Electronics Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Jochen R. Brandt
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
- Institute for Molecular Science and Engineering and Centre for Processable Electronics Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - David Reger
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università di Pisa Via Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Konstantin Y. Amsharov
- Institute for Organic Chemistry Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - David L. Andrews
- University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Matthew J. Fuchter
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
- Institute for Molecular Science and Engineering and Centre for Processable Electronics Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
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17
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Lorenz R, Reger D, Weller R, Jux N, Burzlaff N. Hexa- peri-hexabenzocoronene decorated with an allenylidene ruthenium complex - almost a flyswatter. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13134-13141. [PMID: 32930692 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02729d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-rich ruthenium allenylidene complexes bearing either a hexaarylbenzene (HAB) or a hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) substituent were synthesised. This was achieved via the corresponding propargyl alcohols with HAB and HBC substituents, which were accessible via 3 or 4 step reaction cascades. Reaction of the propargyl alcohols HC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C(OH)Ph(HAB) and HC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C(OH)Ph(HBC) with [RuCl(η5-C5H5)(PPh3)2] yielded the complexes [Ru(η5-C5H5)([double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]C(HAB)(Ph))(PPh3)2]PF6 and [Ru(η5-C5H5)([double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]C(HBC)(Ph))(PPh3)2]PF6. The latter of which shows interesting π-π-stacking behaviour in the solid state as well as aggregation in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lorenz
- Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Reger
- Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nicolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ruth Weller
- Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany and Fb. 15 - Chemie, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nicolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Burzlaff
- Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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18
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Abstract
Methods for the synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles containing hexaphenylbenzene moieties at the 2- and 5-positions or the 1- and 4-positions have been developed. It was shown that placing a hexaphenylbenzene moiety at the 2- and 5-positions requires a Diels–Alder reaction between an alkyne-substituted pyrrolopyrrole core and a 2,3,4,5-tetraphenylcyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-one. The resulting dyes show a strong blue fluorescence that was hypsochromically shifted by chlorination at the 3- and 6-positions. The overall conjugation between the hexaphenylbenzene moieties and the pyrrolopyrrole core is limited, as evident from their photophysical properties. The hexaphenylbenzene moieties attached to the pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole core could not be transformed into hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes through intramolecular oxidative aromatic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Daniel Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences
| | - Rafał Stężycki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry
| | - David Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Helen Hoelzel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
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19
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Reger D, Haines P, Heinemann FW, Guldi DM, Jux N. Oxa[7]superhelicen: ein π-erweiterter, helikaler Chromophor auf Hexa-peri
-hexabenzocoronen-Basis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Reger
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie &, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie &, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Frank W. Heinemann
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie &, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie &, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
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20
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Reger D, Haines P, Heinemann FW, Guldi DM, Jux N. Oxa[7]superhelicene: A π-Extended Helical Chromophore Based on Hexa-peri
-hexabenzocoronenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5938-5942. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Reger
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank W. Heinemann
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
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21
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Holzwarth J, Amsharov KY, Sharapa DI, Reger D, Roshchyna K, Lungerich D, Jux N, Hauke F, Clark T, Hirsch A. Highly Regioselective Alkylation of Hexabenzocoronenes: Fundamental Insights into the Covalent Chemistry of Graphene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12184-12190. [PMID: 28782166 PMCID: PMC5638083 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronides (HBC) was successfully used as a model system for investigating the complex mechanism of the reductive functionalization of graphene. The well-defined molecular HBC system enabled deeper insights into the mechanism of the alkylation of reductively activated nanographenes. The separation and complete characterization of alkylation products clearly demonstrate that nanographene functionalization proceeds with exceptionally high regio- and stereoselectivities on the HBC scaffold. Experimental and theoretical studies lead to the conclusion that the intact basal graphene plane is chemically inert and addend binding can only take place at either preexisting defects or close to the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Holzwarth
- Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr. Mack-Str. 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany
| | - Konstantin Yu Amsharov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dmitry I Sharapa
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kateryna Roshchyna
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr. Mack-Str. 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr. Mack-Str. 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Holzwarth J, Amsharov KY, Sharapa DI, Reger D, Roshchyna K, Lungerich D, Jux N, Hauke F, Clark T, Hirsch A. Highly Regioselective Alkylation of Hexabenzocoronenes: Fundamental Insights into the Covalent Chemistry of Graphene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Holzwarth
- Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP); Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Dr. Mack-Str. 81 90762 Fürth Germany
| | - Konstantin Yu. Amsharov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials; Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dmitry I. Sharapa
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum; Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nägelsbachstraße 25 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - David Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials; Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Kateryna Roshchyna
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials; Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials; Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials; Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP); Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Dr. Mack-Str. 81 90762 Fürth Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum; Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nägelsbachstraße 25 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP); Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Dr. Mack-Str. 81 90762 Fürth Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials; Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; 91054 Erlangen Germany
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23
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Ammon F, Sauer ST, Lippert R, Lungerich D, Reger D, Hampel F, Jux N. Unexpected formation of [5]helicenes from hexaarylbenzenes containing pyrrole moieties. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00112f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Surprisingly helical: a pyrrolic [5]helicene embedded into a six-membered ring framework is preferred over a heterocyclic pendant of hexabenzocoronene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ammon
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestrasse 42
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Stephanie Theresia Sauer
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestrasse 42
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Rainer Lippert
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestrasse 42
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - David Reger
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestrasse 42
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestrasse 42
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestrasse 42
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
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24
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Lungerich D, Reger D, Hölzel H, Riedel R, Martin MMJC, Hampel F, Jux N. Eine Strategie zur Synthese ungewöhnlicher Hexaarylbenzole im Multigramm‐Maßstab. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lungerich
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestraße 42 91054 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - David Reger
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestraße 42 91054 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Helen Hölzel
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestraße 42 91054 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - René Riedel
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestraße 42 91054 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Max M. J. C. Martin
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestraße 42 91054 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestraße 42 91054 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestraße 42 91054 Erlangen Deutschland
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25
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Lungerich D, Reger D, Hölzel H, Riedel R, Martin MMJC, Hampel F, Jux N. A Strategy towards the Multigram Synthesis of Uncommon Hexaarylbenzenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5602-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lungerich
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - David Reger
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Helen Hölzel
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - René Riedel
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Max M. J. C. Martin
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
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Sridhar NR, Ferrand K, Reger D, Hayes P, Pinnavaia L, Butts D, Kohli R, Papandenatos G. Urea kinetics with dialyzer reuse--a prospective study. Am J Nephrol 1999; 19:668-73. [PMID: 10592361 DOI: 10.1159/000013539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We performed a prospective study to examine the impact of dialyzer reuse on KT/V under rigidly standardized conditions on 3 membrane types. Heparin dosage was standardized with ACT during an eight week run-in period and remained unchanged through the study. Post dialysis BUN and weight were obtained at five minutes after exactly 80 +/- 0.5 l of blood were processed through the dialyzer. Dialyzers were reused after automated glutaraldehyde processing and after ensuring >80% open fiber bundles. Each membrane type was utilized 3 times on a set of 3 patients; each individual dialyzer was reused 8 times. KT/V was done on the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 8th uses of each dialyzer (36 measurements) starting mid week; BUN measurements were grouped. The KT/V (mean +/- SD) for the 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 8th uses of the cellulose acetate dialyzer were 1.3 +/- 0.2, 1.3 +/- 0.3, 1.3 +/- 0.2, 1.3 +/- 0.2 respectively; the corresponding values of the cuprophane dialyzer were 1.4 +/- 0.3, 1.4 +/- 0.3, 1.3 +/- 0.4, 1.3 +/- 0.3 respectively; and those of the polysulfone dialyzer 1.7 +/- 0.3, 1.6 +/- 0.2, 1.6 +/- 0.2 respectively. By a 3 way ANOVA there were no significant differences between the 1st and subsequent uses of any of the dialyzers tested. CONCLUSIONS Reuse of dialyzers up to 8 times does not result in a loss of urea clearance. We believe this model is useful for further studies on reuse and quality assurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Sridhar
- State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Buffalo General Hospital, Buffalo, NY, USA
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