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Meeus M, Beirnaert C, Mahieu L, Laukens K, Meysman P, Mulder A, Van Laere D. Clinical Decision Support for Improved Neonatal Care: The Development of a Machine Learning Model for the Prediction of Late-onset Sepsis and Necrotizing Enterocolitis. J Pediatr 2024; 266:113869. [PMID: 38065281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an artificial intelligence-based software system for predicting late-onset sepsis (LOS) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). STUDY DESIGN Single-center, retrospective cohort study, conducted in the NICU of the Antwerp University Hospital. Continuous monitoring data of 865 preterm infants born at <32 weeks gestational age, admitted to the NICU in the first week of life, were used to train an XGBoost machine learning (ML) algorithm for LOS and NEC prediction in a cross-validated setup. Afterward, the model's performance was assessed on an independent test set of 148 patients (internal validation). RESULTS The ML model delivered hourly risk predictions with an overall sensitivity of 69% (142/206) for all LOS/NEC episodes and 81% (67/83) for severe LOS/NEC episodes. The model showed a median time gain of ≤10 hours (IQR, 3.1-21.0 hours), compared with historical clinical diagnosis. On the complete retrospective dataset, the ML model made 721 069 predictions, of which 9805 (1.3%) depicted a LOS/NEC probability of ≥0.15, resulting in a total alarm rate of <1 patient alarm-day per week. The model reached a similar performance on the internal validation set. CONCLUSIONS Artificial intelligence technology can assist clinicians in the early detection of LOS and NEC in the NICU, which potentially can result in clinical and socioeconomic benefits. Additional studies are required to quantify further the effect of combining artificial and human intelligence on patient outcomes in the NICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisse Meeus
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Charlie Beirnaert
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Innocens BV, Antwerpen, Belgium; Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Ludo Mahieu
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Kris Laukens
- Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Pieter Meysman
- Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Antonius Mulder
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - David Van Laere
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium; Innocens BV, Antwerpen, Belgium
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2
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Ashoori M, O'Toole JM, O'Halloran KD, Naulaers G, Thewissen L, Miletin J, Cheung PY, El-Khuffash A, Van Laere D, Straňák Z, Dempsey EM, McDonald FB. Machine Learning Detects Intraventricular Haemorrhage in Extremely Preterm Infants. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:917. [PMID: 37371150 DOI: 10.3390/children10060917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the potential utility of applying machine learning methods to regional cerebral (rcSO2) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) signals to detect brain injury in extremely preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN A subset of infants enrolled in the Management of Hypotension in Preterm infants (HIP) trial were analysed (n = 46). All eligible infants were <28 weeks' gestational age and had continuous rcSO2 measurements performed over the first 72 h and cranial ultrasounds performed during the first week after birth. SpO2 data were available for 32 infants. The rcSO2 and SpO2 signals were preprocessed, and prolonged relative desaturations (PRDs; data-driven desaturation in the 2-to-15-min range) were extracted. Numerous quantitative features were extracted from the biosignals before and after the exclusion of the PRDs within the signals. PRDs were also evaluated as a stand-alone feature. A machine learning model was used to detect brain injury (intraventricular haemorrhage-IVH grade II-IV) using a leave-one-out cross-validation approach. RESULTS The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the PRD rcSO2 was 0.846 (95% CI: 0.720-0.948), outperforming the rcSO2 threshold approach (AUC 0.593 95% CI 0.399-0.775). Neither the clinical model nor any of the SpO2 models were significantly associated with brain injury. CONCLUSION There was a significant association between the data-driven definition of PRDs in rcSO2 and brain injury. Automated analysis of PRDs of the cerebral NIRS signal in extremely preterm infants may aid in better prediction of IVH compared with a threshold-based approach. Further investigation of the definition of the extracted PRDs and an understanding of the physiology underlying these events are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Ashoori
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, T12 AK54 Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - John M O'Toole
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, T12 AK54 Cork, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken D O'Halloran
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, T12 AK54 Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Gunnar Naulaers
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Neonatal Intensive Care, Katholieke Universiteit Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Thewissen
- Neonatal Intensive Care, Katholieke Universiteit Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Miletin
- Paediatric and Newborn Medicine, Coombe Women's Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Po-Yin Cheung
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Afif El-Khuffash
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 P796 Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Van Laere
- Neonatale Intensive Care Unit, Universitair Ziekenhuis, (UZ) Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Zbyněk Straňák
- Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eugene M Dempsey
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, T12 AK54 Cork, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiona B McDonald
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, T12 AK54 Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
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Dempsey EM, Barrington KJ, Marlow N, O'Donnell CPF, Miletin J, Naulaers G, Cheung PY, Corcoran JD, EL-Khuffash AF, Boylan GB, Livingstone V, Pons G, Macko J, Van Laere D, Wiedermannova H, Straňák Z. Hypotension in Preterm Infants (HIP) randomised trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2021; 106:398-403. [PMID: 33627329 PMCID: PMC8237176 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether restricting the use of inotrope after diagnosis of low blood pressure (BP) in the first 72 hours of life affects survival without significant brain injury at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA) in infants born before 28 weeks of gestation. DESIGN Double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial. Caregivers were masked to group assignment. SETTING 10 sites across Europe and Canada. PARTICIPANTS Infants born before 28 weeks of gestation were eligible if they had an invasive mean BP less than their gestational age that persisted for ≥15 min in the first 72 hours of life and a cerebral ultrasound free of significant (≥ grade 3) intraventricular haemorrhage. INTERVENTION Participants were randomly assigned to saline bolus followed by either a dopamine infusion (standard management) or placebo (5% dextrose) infusion (restrictive management). PRIMARY OUTCOME Survival to 36 weeks of PMA without severe brain injury. RESULTS The trial terminated early due to significant enrolment issues (7.7% of planned recruitment). 58 infants were enrolled between February 2015 and September 2017. The two groups were well matched for baseline variables. In the standard group, 18/29 (62%) achieved the primary outcome compared with 20/29 (69%) in the restrictive group (p=0.58). Additional treatments for low BP were used less frequently in the standard arm (11/29 (38%) vs 19/29 (66%), p=0.038). CONCLUSION Though this study lacked power, we did not detect major differences in clinical outcomes between standard or restrictive approach to treatment. These results will inform future studies in this area. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01482559, EudraCT 2010-023988-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene M Dempsey
- Department of Paediatric and Child Health and INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Keith J Barrington
- Néonatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Neil Marlow
- Institute for Womens Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jan Miletin
- Paediatric and Newborn Medicine, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunnar Naulaers
- Neonatology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Po-Yin Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John David Corcoran
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Afif Faisal EL-Khuffash
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Geraldine B Boylan
- Department of Paediatric and Child Health and INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Vicki Livingstone
- Department of Paediatric and Child Health and INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Pons
- Clinical Pharmacology, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca, Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jozef Macko
- Department of Neonatology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Zlin, Zlínský Kraj, Czech Republic
| | | | - Hana Wiedermannova
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Care, Ostravska Univerzita, Ostrava, Moravskoslezský, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Straňák
- Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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O'Toole JM, Dempsey EM, Van Laere D. Nonstationary coupling between heart rate and perfusion index in extremely preterm infants in the first day of life. Physiol Meas 2021; 42. [PMID: 33545702 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/abe3de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adaptation to the extra-uterine environment presents many challenges for infants born less than 28 weeks of gestation. Quantitative analysis of readily-available physiological signals at the cotside could provide valuable information during this critical time. We aim to assess the time-varying coupling between heart rate (HR) and perfusion index (PI) over the first 24 hours after birth and relate this coupling to gestational age, inotropic therapy, and short-term clinical outcome. APPROACH We develop new nonstationary measures of coupling to summarise both frequency- and direction-dependent coupling. These measures employ a coherence measure capable of measuring time-varying Granger casuality using a short-time information partial directed coherence function. Measures are correlated with gestational age, inotropic therapy (yes/no), and outcome (adverse/normal). MAIN RESULTS In a cohort of 99 extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks of gestation), we find weak but significant coupling in both the HR-to-PI and PI-to-HR directions (P<0.05). HR-to-PI coupling increases with maturation (correlation r=0.26; P=0.011); PI-to-HR coupling increases with inotrope administration (r=0.27; P=0.007). And nonstationary features of PI-to-HR coupling are associated with (r=0.27; P=0.009). SIGNIFICANCE Nonstationary features are necessary to distinguish different coupling types for complex biomedical systems. Time-varying directional coupling between PI and HR provides objective and independent biomarkers of adverse outcome in extremely preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M O'Toole
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork National University of Ireland, Cork, IRELAND
| | - Eugene M Dempsey
- INFANT Research Centre, , University College Cork National University of Ireland, Cork, IRELAND
| | - David Van Laere
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Antwerp, BELGIUM
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Van Laere D, Meeus M, Beirnaert C, Sonck V, Laukens K, Mahieu L, Mulder A. Machine Learning to Support Hemodynamic Intervention in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Clin Perinatol 2020; 47:435-448. [PMID: 32713443 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hemodynamic support in neonatal intensive care is directed at maintaining cardiovascular wellbeing. At present, monitoring of vital signs plays an essential role in augmenting care in a reactive manner. By applying machine learning techniques, a model can be trained to learn patterns in time series data, allowing the detection of adverse outcomes before they become clinically apparent. In this review we provide an overview of the different machine learning techniques that have been used to develop models in hemodynamic care for newborn infants. We focus on their potential benefits, research pitfalls, and challenges related to their implementation in clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Van Laere
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, University Hospital Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem BE-2650, Belgium; Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, Antwerpen 2000, Belgium.
| | - Marisse Meeus
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, University Hospital Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem BE-2650, Belgium; Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, Antwerpen 2000, Belgium
| | - Charlie Beirnaert
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Middelheimlaan 1, Antwerpen 2020, Belgium
| | - Victor Sonck
- ML6, Esplanade Oscar Van De Voorde 1, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Kris Laukens
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Middelheimlaan 1, Antwerpen 2020, Belgium
| | - Ludo Mahieu
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, University Hospital Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem BE-2650, Belgium; Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, Antwerpen 2000, Belgium
| | - Antonius Mulder
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, University Hospital Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem BE-2650, Belgium; Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, Antwerpen 2000, Belgium
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Wojciechowski
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Karen Van Mechelen
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - David Van Laere
- Department of Neonatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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Van Laere D, Voeten M, O' Toole JM, Dempsey E. Monitoring Circulation During Transition in Extreme Low Gestational Age Newborns: What's on the Horizon? Front Pediatr 2018; 6:74. [PMID: 29632852 PMCID: PMC5879103 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Echocardiography and near-infrared spectroscopy have significantly changed our view on hemodynamic transition of the extreme preterm infant. Instead of focusing on maintaining an arbitrary target value of blood pressure, we aim for circulatory well-being by a comprehensive holistic assessment of markers of cardiovascular instability. Most of these clinical and biochemical indices are influenced by transition itself and remain poor discriminators to identify patients with a potential need for therapeutic intervention. At the same time, the evolution in data capturing and storage has led to a change in our approach to monitor vital parameters. Continuous trend monitoring has become more and more relevant. By using signal extraction methods, changes in trends over time can be quantified. In this review, we will discuss the impact of these innovations on the current monitoring practices and explore some of the potential benefits these techniques may have in improving real-time detection of extreme low birth weight infants at risk for morbidity related to impaired hemodynamic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Van Laere
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michiel Voeten
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - John M O' Toole
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eugene Dempsey
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Van Laere D, O'Toole JM, Voeten M, McKiernan J, Boylan GB, Dempsey E. Decreased Variability and Low Values of Perfusion Index on Day One Are Associated with Adverse Outcome in Extremely Preterm Infants. J Pediatr 2016; 178:119-124.e1. [PMID: 27593438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop new quantitative features for the Perfusion Index signal recorded continuously over the first 24 hours of life in a cohort of extremely low gestational age newborns and to assess the association of these features with normal and adverse short-term outcome. STUDY DESIGN A cohort study of extremely low gestational age newborns. Adverse outcome was defined as early mortality before 72 hours of life, acquired severe periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage, or severe cystic leukomalacia. Perfusion Index values were obtained from the plethysmographic signal of a pulse oximeter. Perfusion Index signals were separated into low-frequency (trend) and high-frequency (detrend) components. Three features were extracted during four 6-hour epochs: mean of the trend component (mean-trend), SD of the trend component (SD-trend), and SD of the detrend component (SD-detrend). The SD features represent long-term variability (SD-trend) and short-term variability (SD-detrend) of the Perfusion Index. A mixed-effects model was fitted to each feature. RESULTS Ninety-nine infants were included in the analysis. Quadratic-time mixed-effects models provided the best fit for all 3 features. The mean-trend component was lower for the adverse outcome compared with the normal outcome group with a difference of 0.142 Perfusion Index (P = .001). SD-detrend component was also lower for the adverse compared with the normal outcome group, although this difference of 0.031 Perfusion Index/days2 was dependent on time (P < .001). CONCLUSION Low values and reduced short-term variability of Perfusion Index on day 1 are associated with adverse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Van Laere
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium; Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - John M O'Toole
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michiel Voeten
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium; Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Joanne McKiernan
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Geraldine B Boylan
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eugene Dempsey
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Vanhaesebrouck S, Van Laere D, Fryns JP, Theyskens C. Pseudo-Bartter syndrome due to Hirschsprung disease in a neonate with an extra ring chromosome 8. Am J Med Genet A 2007; 143A:2469-72. [PMID: 17853456 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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