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King RJ, Heisey-Grove DM, Garrett N, Scott KA, Daley MF, Haemer MA, Podila P, Block JP, Carton T, Gregorowicz AJ, Mork KP, Porter RM, Chudnov DL, Jellison J, Kraus EM, Harrison MR, Sucosky MS, Armstrong S, Goodman AB. The Childhood Obesity Data Initiative: A Case Study in Implementing Clinical-Community Infrastructure Enhancements to Support Health Services Research and Public Health. J Public Health Manag Pract 2022; 28:E430-E440. [PMID: 34446638 PMCID: PMC8781217 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT We describe a participatory framework that enhanced and implemented innovative changes to an existing distributed health data network (DHDN) infrastructure to support linkage across sectors and systems. Our processes and lessons learned provide a potential framework for other multidisciplinary infrastructure development projects that engage in a participatory decision-making process. PROGRAM The Childhood Obesity Data Initiative (CODI) provides a potential framework for local and national stakeholders with public health, clinical, health services research, community intervention, and information technology expertise to collaboratively develop a DHDN infrastructure that enhances data capacity for patient-centered outcomes research and public health surveillance. CODI utilizes a participatory approach to guide decision making among clinical and community partners. IMPLEMENTATION CODI's multidisciplinary group of public health and clinical scientists and information technology experts collectively defined key components of CODI's infrastructure and selected and enhanced existing tools and data models. We conducted a pilot implementation with 3 health care systems and 2 community partners in the greater Denver Metro Area during 2018-2020. EVALUATION We developed an evaluation plan based primarily on the Good Evaluation Practice in Health Informatics guideline. An independent third party implemented the evaluation plan for the CODI development phase by conducting interviews to identify lessons learned from the participatory decision-making processes. DISCUSSION We demonstrate the feasibility of rapid innovation based upon an iterative and collaborative process and existing infrastructure. Collaborative engagement of stakeholders early and iteratively was critical to ensure a common understanding of the research and project objectives, current state of technological capacity, intended use, and the desired future state of CODI architecture. Integration of community partners' data with clinical data may require the use of a trusted third party's infrastructure. Lessons learned from our process may help others develop or improve similar DHDNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J. King
- Obesity Prevention and Control Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (Drs King and Goodman and Mss Harrison and Sucosky), and Center for Surveillance Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (Ms Garret), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Technical Center, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia (Drs Heisey-Grove and Mork and Messrs Gregorowicz, Chudnov, and Jellison); Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado (Dr Scott); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Daley); University of Colorado Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Haemer); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Block); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Porter); Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus); and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Armstrong)
| | - Dawn M. Heisey-Grove
- Obesity Prevention and Control Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (Drs King and Goodman and Mss Harrison and Sucosky), and Center for Surveillance Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (Ms Garret), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Technical Center, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia (Drs Heisey-Grove and Mork and Messrs Gregorowicz, Chudnov, and Jellison); Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado (Dr Scott); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Daley); University of Colorado Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Haemer); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Block); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Porter); Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus); and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Armstrong)
| | - Nedra Garrett
- Obesity Prevention and Control Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (Drs King and Goodman and Mss Harrison and Sucosky), and Center for Surveillance Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (Ms Garret), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Technical Center, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia (Drs Heisey-Grove and Mork and Messrs Gregorowicz, Chudnov, and Jellison); Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado (Dr Scott); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Daley); University of Colorado Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Haemer); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Block); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Porter); Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus); and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Armstrong)
| | - Kenneth A. Scott
- Obesity Prevention and Control Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (Drs King and Goodman and Mss Harrison and Sucosky), and Center for Surveillance Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (Ms Garret), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Technical Center, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia (Drs Heisey-Grove and Mork and Messrs Gregorowicz, Chudnov, and Jellison); Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado (Dr Scott); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Daley); University of Colorado Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Haemer); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Block); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Porter); Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus); and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Armstrong)
| | - Matthew F. Daley
- Obesity Prevention and Control Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (Drs King and Goodman and Mss Harrison and Sucosky), and Center for Surveillance Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (Ms Garret), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Technical Center, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia (Drs Heisey-Grove and Mork and Messrs Gregorowicz, Chudnov, and Jellison); Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado (Dr Scott); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Daley); University of Colorado Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Haemer); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Block); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Porter); Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus); and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Armstrong)
| | - Matthew A. Haemer
- Obesity Prevention and Control Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (Drs King and Goodman and Mss Harrison and Sucosky), and Center for Surveillance Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (Ms Garret), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Technical Center, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia (Drs Heisey-Grove and Mork and Messrs Gregorowicz, Chudnov, and Jellison); Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado (Dr Scott); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Daley); University of Colorado Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Haemer); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Block); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Porter); Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus); and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Armstrong)
| | - Pradeep Podila
- Obesity Prevention and Control Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (Drs King and Goodman and Mss Harrison and Sucosky), and Center for Surveillance Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (Ms Garret), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Technical Center, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia (Drs Heisey-Grove and Mork and Messrs Gregorowicz, Chudnov, and Jellison); Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado (Dr Scott); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Daley); University of Colorado Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Haemer); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Block); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Porter); Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus); and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Armstrong)
| | - Jason P. Block
- Obesity Prevention and Control Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (Drs King and Goodman and Mss Harrison and Sucosky), and Center for Surveillance Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (Ms Garret), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Technical Center, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia (Drs Heisey-Grove and Mork and Messrs Gregorowicz, Chudnov, and Jellison); Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado (Dr Scott); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Daley); University of Colorado Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Haemer); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Block); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Porter); Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus); and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Armstrong)
| | - Tom Carton
- Obesity Prevention and Control Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (Drs King and Goodman and Mss Harrison and Sucosky), and Center for Surveillance Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (Ms Garret), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Technical Center, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia (Drs Heisey-Grove and Mork and Messrs Gregorowicz, Chudnov, and Jellison); Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado (Dr Scott); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Daley); University of Colorado Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Haemer); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Block); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Porter); Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus); and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Armstrong)
| | - Andrew J. Gregorowicz
- Obesity Prevention and Control Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (Drs King and Goodman and Mss Harrison and Sucosky), and Center for Surveillance Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (Ms Garret), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Technical Center, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia (Drs Heisey-Grove and Mork and Messrs Gregorowicz, Chudnov, and Jellison); Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado (Dr Scott); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Daley); University of Colorado Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Haemer); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Block); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Porter); Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus); and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Armstrong)
| | - K. Peter Mork
- Obesity Prevention and Control Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (Drs King and Goodman and Mss Harrison and Sucosky), and Center for Surveillance Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (Ms Garret), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Technical Center, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia (Drs Heisey-Grove and Mork and Messrs Gregorowicz, Chudnov, and Jellison); Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado (Dr Scott); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Daley); University of Colorado Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Haemer); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Block); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Porter); Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus); and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Armstrong)
| | - Renee M. Porter
- Obesity Prevention and Control Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (Drs King and Goodman and Mss Harrison and Sucosky), and Center for Surveillance Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (Ms Garret), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Technical Center, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia (Drs Heisey-Grove and Mork and Messrs Gregorowicz, Chudnov, and Jellison); Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado (Dr Scott); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Daley); University of Colorado Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Haemer); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Block); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Porter); Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus); and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Armstrong)
| | - Daniel L. Chudnov
- Obesity Prevention and Control Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (Drs King and Goodman and Mss Harrison and Sucosky), and Center for Surveillance Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (Ms Garret), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Technical Center, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia (Drs Heisey-Grove and Mork and Messrs Gregorowicz, Chudnov, and Jellison); Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado (Dr Scott); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Daley); University of Colorado Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Haemer); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Block); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Porter); Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus); and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Armstrong)
| | - Jim Jellison
- Obesity Prevention and Control Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (Drs King and Goodman and Mss Harrison and Sucosky), and Center for Surveillance Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (Ms Garret), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Technical Center, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia (Drs Heisey-Grove and Mork and Messrs Gregorowicz, Chudnov, and Jellison); Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado (Dr Scott); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Daley); University of Colorado Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Haemer); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Block); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Porter); Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus); and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Armstrong)
| | - Emily M. Kraus
- Obesity Prevention and Control Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (Drs King and Goodman and Mss Harrison and Sucosky), and Center for Surveillance Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (Ms Garret), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Technical Center, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia (Drs Heisey-Grove and Mork and Messrs Gregorowicz, Chudnov, and Jellison); Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado (Dr Scott); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Daley); University of Colorado Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Haemer); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Block); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Porter); Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus); and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Armstrong)
| | - Megan R. Harrison
- Obesity Prevention and Control Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (Drs King and Goodman and Mss Harrison and Sucosky), and Center for Surveillance Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (Ms Garret), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Technical Center, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia (Drs Heisey-Grove and Mork and Messrs Gregorowicz, Chudnov, and Jellison); Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado (Dr Scott); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Daley); University of Colorado Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Haemer); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Block); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Porter); Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus); and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Armstrong)
| | - Marissa Scalia Sucosky
- Obesity Prevention and Control Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (Drs King and Goodman and Mss Harrison and Sucosky), and Center for Surveillance Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (Ms Garret), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Technical Center, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia (Drs Heisey-Grove and Mork and Messrs Gregorowicz, Chudnov, and Jellison); Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado (Dr Scott); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Daley); University of Colorado Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Haemer); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Block); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Porter); Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus); and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Armstrong)
| | - Sarah Armstrong
- Obesity Prevention and Control Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (Drs King and Goodman and Mss Harrison and Sucosky), and Center for Surveillance Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (Ms Garret), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Technical Center, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia (Drs Heisey-Grove and Mork and Messrs Gregorowicz, Chudnov, and Jellison); Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado (Dr Scott); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Daley); University of Colorado Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Haemer); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Block); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Porter); Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus); and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Armstrong)
| | - Alyson B. Goodman
- Obesity Prevention and Control Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (Drs King and Goodman and Mss Harrison and Sucosky), and Center for Surveillance Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (Ms Garret), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Health Technical Center, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia (Drs Heisey-Grove and Mork and Messrs Gregorowicz, Chudnov, and Jellison); Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado (Dr Scott); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Daley); University of Colorado Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Haemer); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Block); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Porter); Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus); and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Armstrong)
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