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Spence R, Kagan L, Nunn S, Bailey-Rodriguez D, Fisher HL, Hosang GM, Bifulco A. Life events, depression and supportive relationships affect academic achievement in university students. J Am Coll Health 2022; 70:1931-1935. [PMID: 33253059 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1841776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundStudents often simultaneously deal with shifting support networks, stressful life changes and psychological distress which may affect academic achievement. Methods: 285 students completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to assess depression and the Computerized Life Events Assessment Record (CLEAR), to establish life events and supportive relationships. Module grades were used to measure academic achievement. A general linear model was used with student grade as the dependent variable and life events, depression and supportive relationships as independent variables. Confounding variables included age and sex. Results: A three-way interaction between life events, depression and lack of supportive relationships was found. It indicated the performance of depressed students depended on whether they had supportive relationships and that this interaction also depended on whether they had experienced a life event in the past year. Conclusions: Universities need to provide more support to students with life stress as they transition into university life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Spence
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Lisa Kagan
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Stephen Nunn
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | | | - Helen L Fisher
- King's College London, Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Georgina M Hosang
- Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts & London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
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Spence R, Kagan L, Nunn S, Bailey-Rodriguez D, Fisher HL, Hosang GM, Bifulco A. The moderation effect of secure attachment on the relationship between positive events and wellbeing. Psych J 2022; 11:541-549. [PMID: 35582844 PMCID: PMC9546065 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Positive events can reduce depression as well as enhance wellbeing. The role of secure attachment style in moderating the relationship between positive events and wellbeing is examined to further understand wellbeing models. Participants (n = 490) included two midlife groups and a student group from the UK. They completed the online Computerized Life Event Assessment Record (CLEAR), a measure of life events, the Vulnerable Attachment Style Questionnaire (VASQ), and the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS). Age was associated with higher rates of wellbeing and secure attachment style. A significant relationship was found between number of positive events and wellbeing, number of people close, and secure attachment score. Hierarchical multiple regression indicated a significant interaction between secure attachment style, number of positive life events, and wellbeing. Simple slopes analysis demonstrated the association between positive life events and wellbeing was significant for secure attachment (B = 1.27, p = .003) but not insecure attachment (B = 0.04, non‐significant). This suggests securely attached individuals are better able to take advantage of positive life events than insecurely attached individuals and experience a greater increase in wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Spence
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Lisa Kagan
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Stephen Nunn
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | | | - Helen L Fisher
- King's College London, Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Georgina M Hosang
- Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
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Thome J, Deloyer J, Coogan AN, Bailey-Rodriguez D, da Cruz E Silva OAB, Faltraco F, Grima C, Gudjonsson SO, Hanon C, Hollý M, Joosten J, Karlsson I, Kelemen G, Korman M, Krysta K, Lichterman B, Loganovsky K, Marazziti D, Maraitou M, Mertens deWilmars S, Reunamen M, Rexhaj S, Sancaktar M, Sempere J, Tournier I, Weynant E, Vis C, Lebas MC, Fond-Harmant L. The impact of the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental-health services in Europe. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:516-525. [PMID: 33143529 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1844290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current COVID-19 pandemic confronts psychiatric patients and mental health services with unique and severe challenges. METHODS In order to identify these trans-national challenges across Europe, an ad-hoc survey was conducted among 23 experts, each answering for one European or aligned country. RESULTS A number of important themes and issues were raised for the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and mental health services, barriers to service provision and future consequences. A number of key issues were reported by colleagues across several jurisdictions, even though these were at different stages of their national epidemics. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, we articulate some important learnings from the early stages of the COVID-19 European pandemic, and highlight key considerations for all countries' mental health services as the current pandemic develops and for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Thome
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | | | | | - Frank Faltraco
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Cathleen Grima
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Mental Health Services, Mount Carmel Hospital, Attard, Malta
| | | | - Cecile Hanon
- Centre Ressource Régional de Psychiatrie du Sujet Agé, Université de Paris, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Martin Hollý
- Psychiatric Hospital Bohnice, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jo Joosten
- Private Psychiatric Practice, Brussels and Luxembourg, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ingegerd Karlsson
- Södra Älvsborgs Sjukhus-Vuxenpsykiatrisk Klinik, Borås Växel, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Kelemen
- Faculty of Educational Science, Psychology and Social Sciences, Aurel Vlaicu University, Arad, Romania
| | - Maria Korman
- Occupational Therapy Department, Ariel University and EJ Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Krzysztof Krysta
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychiatry, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Boleslav Lichterman
- Department of Humanities, The IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Loganovsky
- Department of Radiation Psychoneurology, Institute for Clinical Radiology, State Institution "National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Unicamillus University of Rome and Brain Research Foundation, Lucca, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Shyhrete Rexhaj
- La Source, School of Nursing Sciences, University of Sciences Western Switzerland, HES-SO, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Muhammet Sancaktar
- Department of Psychiatry, Gaziantep University Şahinbey Research and Implementation Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Javier Sempere
- Centre de Terapia Interfamiliar and Mental Health Association, Elx, Spain
| | | | - Emilie Weynant
- Centre Neuro Psychiatrique St. Martin, Dave Namur, Belgium
| | - Christiaan Vis
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Mental Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Clotilde Lebas
- Département des Sciences de la Santé Publique et de la Motricité, Haute Ecole de la Province de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Laurence Fond-Harmant
- Agence de Coopération Scientifique Afrique-Luxembourg et Europe et LEPS, Laboratoire Education et Pratiques en Santé, Paris 13, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Paris, France
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Bifulco A, Spence R, Nunn S, Kagan L, Bailey-Rodriguez D, Hosang GM, Taylor M, Fisher HL. Web-Based Measure of Life Events Using Computerized Life Events and Assessment Record (CLEAR): Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study of Reliability, Validity, and Association With Depression. JMIR Ment Health 2019; 6:e10675. [PMID: 30622088 PMCID: PMC6329417 DOI: 10.2196/10675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the criticisms of life event checklists and the costs associated with interviews, life event research requires a sophisticated but easy-to-use measure for research and clinical practice. Therefore, the Computerized Life Events and Assessment Record (CLEAR), based on the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS), was developed. OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to test CLEAR's reliability, validity, and association with depression. METHODS CLEAR, the General Health Questionnaire, and the List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire (LTE-Q) were completed by 328 participants (126 students; 202 matched midlife sample: 127 unaffected controls, 75 recurrent depression cases). Test-retest reliability over 3-4 weeks was examined and validity determined by comparing CLEAR with LEDS and LTE-Q. Both CLEAR and LTE-Q were examined in relation to depression. RESULTS CLEAR demonstrated good test-retest reliability for the overall number of life events (0.89) and severe life events (.60). Long-term problems showed similar findings. In terms of validity, CLEAR severe life events had moderate sensitivity (59.1%) and specificity (65.4%) when compared with LEDS. CLEAR demonstrated moderate sensitivity (43.1%) and specificity (78.6%) when compared with LTE-Q. CLEAR severe life events and long-term problems were significantly associated with depression (odds ratio, OR 3.50, 95% CI 2.10 to 5.85, P<.001; OR 3.38, 95% CI 2.02 to 5.67, P<.001, respectively), whereas LTE-Q events were not (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.43 to 2.60, P=.90). CONCLUSIONS CLEAR has acceptable reliability and validity and predicts depression. It, therefore, has great potential for effective use in research and clinical practice identifying stress-related factors for the onset and maintenance of depression and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Bifulco
- Centre for Abuse and Trauma Studies, Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Spence
- Centre for Abuse and Trauma Studies, Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Nunn
- Centre for Abuse and Trauma Studies, Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Kagan
- Centre for Abuse and Trauma Studies, Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Bailey-Rodriguez
- Centre for Abuse and Trauma Studies, Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina M Hosang
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Centre for Psychiatry, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Taylor
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L Fisher
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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