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Seneviratne U, Wickramaratne S, Kotandeniya D, Groehler AS, Geraghty RJ, Dreis C, Pujari SS, Tretyakova NY. Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrrolidine-functionalized nucleoside analogs. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02700-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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2
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Kotandeniya D, Rogers MS, Fernandez J, Kanugula S, Hudson RHE, Rodriguez F, Lipscomb JD, Tretyakova N. 6-phenylpyrrolocytosine as a fluorescent probe to examine nucleotide flipping catalyzed by a DNA repair protein. Biopolymers 2020; 112:e23405. [PMID: 33098572 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cellular exposure to tobacco-specific nitrosamines causes formation of promutagenic O6 -[4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)but-1-yl]guanine (O6 -POB-G) and O6 -methylguanine (O6 -Me-G) adducts in DNA. These adducts can be directly repaired by O6 -alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT). Repair begins by flipping the damaged base out of the DNA helix. AGT binding and base-flipping have been previously studied using pyrrolocytosine as a fluorescent probe paired to the O6 -alkylguanine lesion, but low fluorescence yield limited the resolution of steps in the repair process. Here, we utilize the highly fluorescent 6-phenylpyrrolo-2'-deoxycytidine (6-phenylpyrrolo-C) to investigate AGT-DNA interactions. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide duplexes containing O6 -POB-G and O6 -Me-G adducts were placed within the CpG sites of codons 158, 245, and 248 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene and base-paired to 6-phenylpyrrolo-C in the opposite strand. Neighboring cytosine was either unmethylated or methylated. Stopped-flow fluorescence measurements were performed by mixing the DNA duplexes with C145A or R128G AGT variants. We observe a rapid, two-step, nearly irreversible binding of AGT to DNA followed by two slower steps, one of which is base-flipping. Placing 5-methylcytosine immediately 5' to the alkylated guanosine causes a reduction in rate constant of nucleotide flipping. O6 -POB-G at codon 158 decreased the base flipping rate constant by 3.5-fold compared with O6 -Me-G at the same position. A similar effect was not observed at other codons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delshanee Kotandeniya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Melanie S Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jenna Fernandez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sreenivas Kanugula
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert H E Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Freddys Rodriguez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John D Lipscomb
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Natalia Tretyakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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3
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Seiler CL, Song JUM, Kotandeniya D, Chen J, Kono TJY, Han Q, Colwell M, Auch B, Sarver AL, Upadhyaya P, Ren Y, Faulk C, De Flora S, La Maestra S, Chen Y, Kassie F, Tretyakova NY. Inhalation exposure to cigarette smoke and inflammatory agents induces epigenetic changes in the lung. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11290. [PMID: 32647312 PMCID: PMC7347915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking-related lung tumors are characterized by profound epigenetic changes including scrambled patterns of DNA methylation, deregulated histone acetylation, altered gene expression levels, distorted microRNA profiles, and a global loss of cytosine hydroxymethylation marks. Here, we employed an enhanced version of bisulfite sequencing (RRBS/oxRRBS) followed by next generation sequencing to separately map DNA epigenetic marks 5-methyl-dC and 5-hydroxymethyl-dC in genomic DNA isolated from lungs of A/J mice exposed whole-body to environmental cigarette smoke for 10 weeks. Exposure to cigarette smoke significantly affected the patterns of cytosine methylation and hydroxymethylation in the lungs. Differentially hydroxymethylated regions were associated with inflammatory response/disease, organismal injury, and respiratory diseases and were involved in regulation of cellular development, function, growth, and proliferation. To identify epigenetic changes in the lung associated with exposure to tobacco carcinogens and inflammation, A/J mice were intranasally treated with the tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), the inflammatory agent lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or both. NNK alone caused minimal epigenetic alterations, while exposure either to LPS or NNK/LPS in combination led to increased levels of global cytosine methylation and formylation, reduced cytosine hydroxymethylation, decreased histone acetylation, and altered expression levels of multiple genes. Our results suggest that inflammatory processes are responsible for epigenetic changes contributing to lung cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Seiler
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, 2-147 CCRB, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - J Ung Min Song
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, 2-147 CCRB, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - Delshanee Kotandeniya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, 2-147 CCRB, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - Jianji Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Thomas J Y Kono
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Qiyuan Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Mathia Colwell
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Benjamin Auch
- Genomics Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Aaron L Sarver
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, 2-147 CCRB, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, 2-147 CCRB, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - Yanan Ren
- Biostatistics Core, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Christopher Faulk
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Silvio De Flora
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Yue Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Fekadu Kassie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, 2-147 CCRB, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - Natalia Y Tretyakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, 2-147 CCRB, Minneapolis, 55455, USA.
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4
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Seiler CL, Fernandez J, Koerperich Z, Andersen MP, Kotandeniya D, Nguyen ME, Sham YY, Tretyakova NY. Maintenance DNA Methyltransferase Activity in the Presence of Oxidized Forms of 5-Methylcytosine: Structural Basis for Ten Eleven Translocation-Mediated DNA Demethylation. Biochemistry 2018; 57:6061-6069. [PMID: 30230311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A precise balance of DNA methylation and demethylation is required for epigenetic control of cell identity, development, and growth. DNA methylation marks are introduced by de novo DNA methyltransferases DNMT3a/b and are maintained throughout cell divisions by DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), which adds methyl groups to hemimethylated CpG dinucleotides generated during DNA replication. Ten eleven translocation (TET) dioxygenases oxidize 5-methylcytosine (mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC), 5-formylcytosine (fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (caC), a process known to induce DNA demethylation and gene reactivation. In this study, we investigated the catalytic activity of human DNMT1 in the presence of oxidized forms of mC. A mass spectrometry-based assay was employed to study the kinetics of DNMT1-mediated cytosine methylation in CG dinucleotides containing C, mC, hmC, fC, or caC across from the target cytosine. Homology modeling, coupled with molecular dynamics simulations, was used to explore the structural consequences of mC oxidation with regard to the geometry of protein-DNA complexes. The DNMT1 enzymatic activity was strongly affected by the oxidation status of mC, with the catalytic efficiency decreasing in the following order: mC > hmC > fC > caC. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that DNMT1 forms an unproductive complex with DNA duplexes containing oxidized forms of mC as a consequence of altered interactions of the target recognition domain of the protein with the C-5 substituent on cytosine. Our results provide new structural and mechanistic insight into TET-mediated DNA demethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Seiler
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Jenna Fernandez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Zoe Koerperich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Molly P Andersen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Delshanee Kotandeniya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Megin E Nguyen
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program , University of Minnesota-Rochester , Rochester , Minnesota 55904 , United States
| | - Yuk Y Sham
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology and University of Minnesota Informatics Institute , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States.,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program , University of Minnesota-Rochester , Rochester , Minnesota 55904 , United States
| | - Natalia Y Tretyakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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5
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Kotandeniya D, Seiler CL, Fernandez J, Pujari SS, Curwick L, Murphy K, Wickramaratne S, Yan S, Murphy D, Sham YY, Tretyakova NY. Can 5-methylcytosine analogues with extended alkyl side chains guide DNA methylation? Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1061-1064. [PMID: 29323674 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06867k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
5-Methylcytosine (MeC) is an endogenous modification of DNA that plays a crucial role in DNA-protein interactions, chromatin structure, epigenetic regulation, and DNA repair. MeC is produced via enzymatic methylation of the C-5 position of cytosine by DNA-methyltransferases (DNMT) which use S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as a cofactor. Hemimethylated CG dinucleotides generated as a result of DNA replication are specifically recognized and methylated by maintenance DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). The accuracy of DNMT1-mediated methylation is essential for preserving tissue-specific DNA methylation and thus gene expression patterns. In the present study, we synthesized DNA duplexes containing MeC analogues with modified C-5 side chains and examined their ability to guide cytosine methylation by the human DNMT1 protein. We found that the ability of 5-alkylcytosines to direct cytosine methylation decreased with increased alkyl chain length and rigidity (methyl > ethyl > propyl ∼ vinyl). Molecular modeling studies indicated that this loss of activity may be caused by the distorted geometry of the DNA-protein complex in the presence of unnatural alkylcytosines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kotandeniya
- Masonic Cancer Center, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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6
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Kotandeniya D, Carmella SG, Pillsbury ME, Hecht SS. Combined analysis of N'-nitrosonornicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in the urine of cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1007:121-6. [PMID: 26595795 PMCID: PMC4697455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI(+)-MS/MS) method for the analysis of the tobacco-specific carcinogens N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and their glucuronides (total NNN and total NNAL) in human urine was developed. The method has excellent accuracy and intra-day and inter-day precision, and limits of quantitation of 0.015 and 0.075pmol/mL urine, respectively, for total NNN and total NNAL. A unique aspect of this method is internal assessment of possible artifactual formation of NNN by inclusion of the monitor amine [pyridine-D4]nornicotine. We found that artifactual formation of NNN comprised only 2.5% of the measured amounts of total NNN in urine of cigarette smokers, under our conditions using ammonium sulfamate as an inhibitor of nitrosation. The method was applied to urine samples from cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users. Levels of total NNN and total NNAL in the urine of cigarette smokers averaged 0.060±0.035pmol/mL and 2.41±1.41pmol/mL urine, (N=38), respectively, which were both significantly greater than in the urine of 27 e-cigarette users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven G Carmella
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Makenzie E Pillsbury
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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7
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Ma B, Villalta PW, Zarth AT, Kotandeniya D, Upadhyaya P, Stepanov I, Hecht SS. Comprehensive High-Resolution Mass Spectrometric Analysis of DNA Phosphate Adducts Formed by the Tobacco-Specific Lung Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:2151-9. [PMID: 26398225 PMCID: PMC4652278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK, 1) is a potent lung carcinogen in laboratory animals and is believed to play a key role in the development of lung cancer in smokers. Metabolic activation of NNK leads to the formation of pyridyloxobutyl DNA adducts, a critical step in its mechanism of carcinogenesis. In addition to DNA nucleobase adducts, DNA phosphate adducts can be formed by pyridyloxobutylation of the oxygen atoms of the internucleotidic phosphodiester linkages. We report the use of a liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry technique to characterize 30 novel pyridyloxobutyl DNA phosphate adducts in calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) treated with 4-(acetoxymethylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNKOAc, 2), a regiochemically activated form of NNK. A (15)N3-labeled internal standard was synthesized for one of the most abundant phosphate adducts, dCp[4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)butyl]dC (CpopC), and this standard was used to quantify CpopC and to estimate the levels of other adducts in the NNKOAc-treated CT-DNA. Formation of DNA phosphate adducts by NNK in vivo was further investigated in rats treated with NNK acutely (0.1 mmol/kg once daily for 4 days by subcutaneous injection) and chronically (5 ppm in drinking water for 10, 30, 50, and 70 weeks). This study provides the first comprehensive structural identification and quantitation of a panel of DNA phosphate adducts of a structurally complex carcinogen and chemical support for future mechanistic studies of tobacco carcinogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Masonic
Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Peter W. Villalta
- Masonic
Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Adam T. Zarth
- Masonic
Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Delshanee Kotandeniya
- Masonic
Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic
Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Masonic
Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic
Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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8
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Hecht SS, Carmella SG, Kotandeniya D, Pillsbury ME, Chen M, Ransom BWS, Vogel RI, Thompson E, Murphy SE, Hatsukami DK. Evaluation of toxicant and carcinogen metabolites in the urine of e-cigarette users versus cigarette smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 17:704-9. [PMID: 25335945 PMCID: PMC4481723 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntu218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are rapidly increasing in popularity but little information is available on their potential toxic or carcinogenic effects. METHODS Twenty-eight e-cigarette smokers who had not smoked tobacco cigarettes for at least 2 months provided urine samples which were analyzed by validated methods for a suite of toxicant and carcinogen metabolites including 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HOP), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its glucuronides (total NNAL), 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid (3-HPMA), 2-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid (2-HPMA), 3-hydroxy-1-methylpropylmercapturic acid (HMPMA), S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA), nicotine, and cotinine. Levels of these compounds were compared to those found in cigarette smokers from three previous studies. RESULTS Levels of 1-HOP, total NNAL, 3-HPMA, 2-HPMA, HMPMA, and SPMA were significantly lower in the urine of e-cigarette users compared to cigarette smokers. Levels of nicotine and cotinine were significantly lower in e-cigarette users compared to cigarette smokers in one study but not in another. CONCLUSIONS With respect to the compounds analyzed here, e-cigarettes have a more favorable toxicity profile than tobacco cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Hecht
- Tobacco Research Programs and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Steven G Carmella
- Tobacco Research Programs and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Delshanee Kotandeniya
- Tobacco Research Programs and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Makenzie E Pillsbury
- Tobacco Research Programs and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Menglan Chen
- Tobacco Research Programs and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Benjamin W S Ransom
- Tobacco Research Programs and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Rachel Isaksson Vogel
- Tobacco Research Programs and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Elizabeth Thompson
- Tobacco Research Programs and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Sharon E Murphy
- Tobacco Research Programs and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Dorothy K Hatsukami
- Tobacco Research Programs and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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9
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Kotandeniya D, Carmella SG, Ming X, Murphy SE, Hecht SS. Combined analysis of the tobacco metabolites cotinine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in human urine. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1514-7. [PMID: 25544129 PMCID: PMC4315695 DOI: 10.1021/ac504047j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two of the most widely measured compounds in the urine of people who use tobacco products are cotinine, a major metabolite of the addictive constituent nicotine, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), a metabolite of the powerful lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). Thousands of analyses have been reported in the literature, carried out exclusively, to the best of our knowledge, by separate methods. In the study reported here, we have developed a sensitive, accurate, and precise liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry-selected reaction monitoring method for the combined analysis of total cotinine (the sum of cotinine and its glucuronide) and total NNAL (the sum of NNAL and its glucuronide). The new method quantifies naturally occurring [(13)C]cotinine to minimize problems associated with the vast differences in concentration of total cotinine and total NNAL in urine. This method should greatly facilitate future determinations of these important compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delshanee Kotandeniya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University
of Minnesota, 2231 6th
Street SE, 2-148 CCRB, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Steven G. Carmella
- Masonic Cancer Center, University
of Minnesota, 2231 6th
Street SE, 2-148 CCRB, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Xun Ming
- Masonic Cancer Center, University
of Minnesota, 2231 6th
Street SE, 2-148 CCRB, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sharon E. Murphy
- Masonic Cancer Center, University
of Minnesota, 2231 6th
Street SE, 2-148 CCRB, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University
of Minnesota, 2231 6th
Street SE, 2-148 CCRB, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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10
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Burns MB, Lackey L, Carpenter MA, Rathore A, Land AM, Leonard B, Refsland EW, Kotandeniya D, Tretyakova N, Nikas JB, Yee D, Temiz NA, Donohue DE, McDougle RM, Brown WL, Law EK, Harris RS. Correction: Corrigendum: APOBEC3B is an enzymatic source of mutation in breast cancer. Nature 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/nature12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Kotandeniya D, Murphy D, Yan S, Park S, Seneviratne U, Koopmeiners JS, Pegg A, Kanugula S, Kassie F, Tretyakova N. Kinetics of O(6)-pyridyloxobutyl-2'-deoxyguanosine repair by human O(6)-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase. Biochemistry 2013; 52:4075-88. [PMID: 23683164 DOI: 10.1021/bi4004952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N-nitrosonicotine (NNN) are potent carcinogens believed to contribute to the development of lung tumors in smokers. NNK and NNN are metabolized to DNA-reactive species that form a range of nucleobase adducts, including bulky O(6)-[4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)but-1-yl]deoxyguanosine (O(6)-POB-dG) lesions. If not repaired, O(6)-POB-dG adducts induce large numbers of G → A and G → T mutations. Previous studies have shown that O(6)-POB-dG can be directly repaired by O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT), which transfers the pyridyloxobutyl group from O(6)-alkylguanines in DNA to an active site cysteine residue within the protein. In the present study, we investigated the influence of DNA sequence context and endogenous cytosine methylation on the kinetics of AGT-dependent repair of O(6)-POB-dG in duplex DNA. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide duplexes containing site-specific O(6)-POB-dG adducts within K-ras and p53 gene-derived DNA sequences were incubated with recombinant human AGT protein, and the kinetics of POB group transfer was monitored by isotope dilution HPLC-ESI(+)-MS/MS analysis of O(6)-POB-dG remaining in DNA over time. We found that the second-order rates of AGT-mediated repair were influenced by DNA sequence context (10-fold differences) but were only weakly affected by the methylation status of neighboring cytosines. Overall, AGT-mediated repair of O(6)-POB-dG was 2-7 times slower than that of O(6)-Me-dG adducts. To evaluate the contribution of AGT to O(6)-POB-dG repair in human lung, normal human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) were treated with model pyridyloxobutylating agent, and O(6)-POB-dG adduct repair over time was monitored by HPLC-ESI(+)-MS/MS. We found that HBEC cells were capable of removing O(6)-POB-dG lesions, and the repair rates were significantly reduced in the presence of an AGT inhibitor (O(6)-benzylguanine). Taken together, our results suggest that AGT plays an important role in protecting human lung against tobacco nitrosamine-mediated DNA damage and that inefficient AGT repair of O(6)-POB-dG at a specific sequences contributes to mutational spectra observed in smoking-induced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delshanee Kotandeniya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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12
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Kotandeniya D, Murphy D, Seneviratne U, Guza R, Pegg A, Kanugula S, Tretyakova N. Mass spectrometry based approach to study the kinetics of O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase-mediated repair of O6-pyridyloxobutyl-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts in DNA. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:1966-75. [PMID: 21913712 PMCID: PMC3221886 DOI: 10.1021/tx2002993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
O(6)-POB-dG (O(6)-[4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)but-1-yl]deoxyguanosine) are promutagenic nucleobase adducts that arise from DNA alkylation by metabolically activated tobacco-specific nitrosamines such as 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N-nitrosonicotine (NNN). If not repaired, O(6)-POB-dG adducts cause mispairing during DNA replication, leading to G → A and G → T mutations. A specialized DNA repair protein, O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase (AGT), transfers the POB group from O(6)-POB-dG in DNA to a cysteine residue within the protein (Cys145), thus restoring normal guanine and preventing mutagenesis. The rates of AGT-mediated repair of O(6)-POB-dG may be affected by local DNA sequence context, potentially leading to adduct accumulation and increased mutagenesis at specific sites within the genome. In the present work, isotope dilution high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI(+)-MS/MS)-based methodology was developed to investigate the influence of DNA sequence on the kinetics of AGT-mediated repair of O(6)-POB-dG adducts. In our approach, synthetic DNA duplexes containing O(6)-POB-dG at a specified site are incubated with recombinant human AGT protein for defined periods of time. Following spiking with D(4)-O(6)-POB-dG internal standard and mild acid hydrolysis to release O(6)-POB-guanine (O(6)-POB-G) and D(4)-O(6)-POB-guanine (D(4)-O(6)-POB-G), samples are purified by solid phase extraction (SPE), and O(6)-POB-G adducts remaining in DNA are quantified by capillary HPLC-ESI(+)-MS/MS. The new method was validated by analyzing mixtures containing known amounts of O(6)-POB-G-containig DNA and the corresponding unmodified DNA duplexes and by examining the kinetics of alkyl transfer in the presence of increasing amounts of AGT protein. The disappearance of O(6)-POB-dG from DNA was accompanied by pyridyloxobutylation of AGT Cys-145 as determined by HPLC-ESI(+)-MS/MS of tryptic peptides. The applicability of the new approach was shown by determining the second order kinetics of AGT-mediated repair of O(6)-POB-dG adducts placed within a DNA duplex representing modified rat H-ras sequence (5'-AATAGTATCT[O(6)-POB-G]GAGCC-3') opposite either C or T. Faster rates of alkyl transfer were observed when O(6)-POB-dG was paired with T rather than with C (k = 1.74 × 10(6) M(-1) s(-1) vs 1.17 × 10(6) M(-1) s(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Delshanee Kotandeniya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Dan Murphy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Uthpala Seneviratne
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | | | - Anthony Pegg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Sreenivas Kanugula
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Natalia Tretyakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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13
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Guza R, Kotandeniya D, Murphy K, Dissanayake T, Lin C, Giambasu GM, Lad RR, Wojciechowski F, Amin S, Sturla SJ, Hudson RH, York DM, Jankowiak R, Jones R, Tretyakova NY. Influence of C-5 substituted cytosine and related nucleoside analogs on the formation of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-dG adducts at CG base pairs of DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:3988-4006. [PMID: 21245046 PMCID: PMC3089471 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous 5-methylcytosine ((Me)C) residues are found at all CG dinucleotides of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, including the mutational 'hotspots' for smoking induced lung cancer. (Me)C enhances the reactivity of its base paired guanine towards carcinogenic diolepoxide metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) present in cigarette smoke. In the present study, the structural basis for these effects was investigated using a series of unnatural nucleoside analogs and a representative PAH diolepoxide, benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide (BPDE). Synthetic DNA duplexes derived from a frequently mutated region of the p53 gene (5'-CCCGGCACCC GC[(15)N(3),(13)C(1)-G]TCCGCG-3', + strand) were prepared containing [(15)N(3), (13)C(1)]-guanine opposite unsubstituted cytosine, (Me)C, abasic site, or unnatural nucleobase analogs. Following BPDE treatment and hydrolysis of the modified DNA to 2'-deoxynucleosides, N(2)-BPDE-dG adducts formed at the [(15)N(3), (13)C(1)]-labeled guanine and elsewhere in the sequence were quantified by mass spectrometry. We found that C-5 alkylcytosines and related structural analogs specifically enhance the reactivity of the base paired guanine towards BPDE and modify the diastereomeric composition of N(2)-BPDE-dG adducts. Fluorescence and molecular docking studies revealed that 5-alkylcytosines and unnatural nucleobase analogs with extended aromatic systems facilitate the formation of intercalative BPDE-DNA complexes, placing BPDE in a favorable orientation for nucleophilic attack by the N(2) position of guanine.
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MESH Headings
- 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide/analogs & derivatives
- 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide/chemistry
- Base Pairing
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Cytosine/analogs & derivatives
- DNA Adducts/chemistry
- Deoxyguanosine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxyguanosine/chemistry
- Genes, p53
- Guanine/chemistry
- Isotope Labeling
- Models, Molecular
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemical synthesis
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemistry
- Spectrometry, Fluorescence
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Guza
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66505, USA, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Delshanee Kotandeniya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66505, USA, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kristopher Murphy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66505, USA, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Thakshila Dissanayake
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66505, USA, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66505, USA, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - George Madalin Giambasu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66505, USA, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rahul R. Lad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66505, USA, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Filip Wojciechowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66505, USA, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66505, USA, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Shana J. Sturla
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66505, USA, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Robert H.E. Hudson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66505, USA, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Darrin M. York
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66505, USA, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ryszard Jankowiak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66505, USA, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Roger Jones
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66505, USA, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Natalia Y. Tretyakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66505, USA, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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14
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Kotandeniya D, Guza R, Matter B, Lin C, Jankowiak R, Tretyakova N. Abstract 1697: A study on the reactivity of activated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) with guanines base pared to C-5 substituted cytosines. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-1697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
All CG dinucleotides within exons 5-8 of the human p53 tumor suppressor gene contain endogenous 5-methylcytosine (MeC). Guanine residues within these sites (e.g. codons 157, 158, 245, 248, and 273) are the major mutational hotspots for smoking induced lung cancer, suggesting that MeC mediates the reactivity of neighboring guanine bases towards tobacco carcinogens. Previous studies have shown that the reactivity of a carcinogenic diol epoxide metabolite of the human carcinogen, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), towards the exocyclic amino group of guanine, is increased when guanine is base paired to MeC as compared to unmethylated cytosine. In the present study, the structural basis for the enhanced reactivity of BPDE towards MeC: G base pairs was investigated using a stable isotope labeling approach and a series of MeC structural analogs, including 5-ethyl-dC, 5-propyl-dC, N4-ethyl-dC, 5-chloro-dC, 5-bromo-dC, 5-iodo-dC, 5-propynyl-dC, difluorotoluene, pyrrolo-dC, phenylpyrrolo-dC, and diaminonaphthyl-derived nucleoside. Synthetic DNA duplexes derived from the frequently mutated region of the p53 tumor suppressor gene (5′-CCCGGCACCCGC[15N3, 13C1-G]TCCGCG-3′, from exon 5) were prepared containing [15N3, 13C1]-labeled guanine opposite C, MeC, or nucleobase analogs. Circular dichroism (CD) and UV melting studies have shown that C-5 substituents on cytosine do not disrupt the structure and stability of the DNA duplex. Following treatment with (±)-anti-benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8-dihydrodiol-t-9,10-epoxide [(±)-anti-BPDE], (-)-anti-benzo[a]pyrene-s-7,t-8-dihydrodiol-t-9,10-epoxide [(-)-anti-BPDE], or related PAH diol epoxides, 5-methyl chrysene diol epoxide, benzo[c]phenanthrene diol epoxide, benzo[g]chrysene diol epoxide, and benzo[a,l]pyrene diol epoxide, and enzymatic hydrolysis of the adducted DNA to 2′-deoxynucleosides, the amounts of stereoisomeric N2-guanine adducts formed at the labeled site were determined by capillary HPLC-ESI+-MS/MS. We found that the presence of 5-methylcytosine and nucleobases with extended aromatic systems increases the reactivity of the partner guanine towards BPDE and other PAH diolepoxides, while 5-fluoro-dC and 5-iodo-dC lead to a decreased reactivity. Furthermore, the presence of C-5-cytosine analog modifies the stereoisomeric composition of the resulting adducts. Low temperature fluorescence and molecular docking studies reveal that the presence of MeC and unnatural base analogs with extended aromatic systems facilitate the formation of the pre-covalent BPDE-DNA complexes which place BPDE in a favorable orientation for trans attack by the N2 position of guanine. These results provide a mechanistic insight into the origins of increased reactivity of PAHs towards MeCG dinucleotides.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1697.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delshanee Kotandeniya
- 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Rebecca Guza
- 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Brock Matter
- 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Chen Lin
- 2Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | | | - Natalia Tretyakova
- 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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15
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Poole JS, Hadad CM, Platz MS, Fredin ZP, Pickard L, Levya Guerrero E, Kessler M, Chowdhury G, Kotandeniya D, Gates KS. Photochemical Electron Transfer Reactions of Tirapazamine¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0750339petrot2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Chowdhury G, Kotandeniya D, Daniels JS, Barnes CL, Gates KS. Enzyme-Activated, Hypoxia-Selective DNA Damage by 3-Amino-2-quinoxalinecarbonitrile 1,4-Di-N-oxide. Chem Res Toxicol 2004; 17:1399-405. [PMID: 15540937 DOI: 10.1021/tx049836w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The compound 3-amino-2-quinoxalinecarbonitrile 1,4-dioxide (4) displays potent hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity in cell culture. This compound is structurally similar to the known hypoxia-selective DNA-damaging agent tirapazamine (1, TPZ), but the ability of 4 to cause DNA damage under low-oxygen conditions has not previously been characterized. The results presented here provide the first evidence that 4 causes reductively activated DNA damage under hypoxic conditions. The findings indicate that one-electron reduction of 4 by NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase yields an oxygen-sensitive intermediate (5). This activated intermediate is rapidly destroyed by reaction with O2 under aerobic conditions, but goes forward to cause DNA damage under low-oxygen conditions. Analysis of the DNA damage indicates that reductive activation of 4 leads to production of a highly reactive, freely diffusible oxidizing radical that causes sequence-independent cleavage of the deoxyribose backbone and oxidative damage to the heterocyclic bases in duplex DNA. On the basis of the experiments reported here, the chemical nature of the DNA damage caused by redox-activated 4 is analogous to that reported previously for TPZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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17
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Abstract
Tirapazamine is a bioreductively activated DNA-damaging agent that selectively kills the hypoxic cells found in solid tumors. In this work, base excision repair enzymes were used to provide evidence that tirapazamine causes significant amounts of damage to both purine and pyrimidine residues in double-stranded DNA.
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Poole JS, Hadad CM, Platz MS, Fredin ZP, Pickard L, Guerrero EL, Kessler M, Chowdhury G, Kotandeniya D, Gates KS. Photochemical electron transfer reactions of tirapazamine. Photochem Photobiol 2002; 75:339-45. [PMID: 12003122 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)075<0339:petrot>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The absorption and fluorescence spectra of 3-aminobenzo-1,2,4-triazine di-N-oxide (tirapazamine) have been recorded and exhibit a dependence on solvent that correlates with the Dimroth ET30 parameter. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations reveal that the transition of tirapazamine in the visible region is pi-->pi* in nature. The fluorescence lifetime is 98+/-2 ps in water. The fluorescence quantum yield is approximately 0.002 in water. The fluorescence of tirapazamine is efficiently quenched by electron donors via an electron-transfer process. Linear Stern-Volmer fluorescence quenching plots are observed with sodium azide, potassium thiocyanate, guanosine monophosphate and tryptophan (Trp) methyl ester hydrochloride. Guanosine monophosphate, tyrosine (Tyr) methyl ester hydrochloride and Trp methyl ester hydrochloride appear to quench the fluorescence at a rate greater than diffusion control implying that these substrates complex with tirapazamine in its ground state. This complexation was detected by absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Poole
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
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