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Pokrovskiy O, Rostovschikova I, Ovchinnikov D. Entropy driven separation of xylene isomers on graphitic carbon adsorbents. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1716:464641. [PMID: 38241897 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Separation of xylene isomers remains one of the most important and challenging applications of adsorption-based separations in petrochemical industry. Despite the sustainable success of zeolite-based separations a search for efficient adsorbents selective for xylenes, especially para-xylene, is constantly ongoing. In this work, a potentially scalable chromatographic separation of all three xylenes was achieved on graphitic carbon sorbents, including a self-packed sorbent based on an oligo-graphene. A curious feature of this separation is stronger retention of para-xylene than meta- and, in some conditions, even than ortho-xylene. Noticeably, separation selectivity between para- and meta-isomers does not depend on temperature. Apparently, lower entropy of para-xylene in solution due to its higher molecular symmetry leads to a lesser adsorption entropy loss, which makes its adsorption statistically more likely. The concept of using carbon adsorbents for entropy driven chromatography separations may be useful for the isolation of xylenes from their mixture and, possibly, for other positional isomers separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Pokrovskiy
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Irina Rostovschikova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Ovchinnikov
- Core Facility Center "Arktika", Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
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García-Azorin D, Yamani N, Messina LM, Peeters I, Ferilli MAN, Ovchinnikov D, Speranza ML, Marini V, Negro A, Benemei S, Barloese M. Correction to: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review of the endpoints employed to evaluate symptomatic treatments for primary headaches. J Headache Pain 2019; 20:14. [PMID: 30760196 PMCID: PMC6734367 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-019-0967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D García-Azorin
- Headache Unit Neurology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Valladolid, Avda. Ramón y Cajal 3, 47005, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - N Yamani
- Danish Headache Centre and Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - L M Messina
- Child Neuropsychiatry School, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,U.O. Neuropsychiatry - ARNAS Civico, PO Di Cristina, Palermo, Italy
| | - I Peeters
- Neurology Department, University Hospital of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M A N Ferilli
- Headache Center, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - D Ovchinnikov
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petesburg, Russia.,Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petesburg, Russia
| | - M L Speranza
- Internal Medicine Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - V Marini
- Internal Medicine Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - A Negro
- Regional Referral Headache Centre, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - S Benemei
- Headache Centre, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M Barloese
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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García-Azorin D, Yamani N, Messina LM, Peeters I, Ferrili M, Ovchinnikov D, Speranza ML, Marini V, Negro A, Benemei S, Barloese M. A PRISMA-compliant systematic review of the endpoints employed to evaluate symptomatic treatments for primary headaches. J Headache Pain 2018; 19:90. [PMID: 30242571 PMCID: PMC6742919 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-018-0920-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary headache are prevalent and debilitating disorders. Acute pain cessation is one of the key points in their treatment. Many drugs have been studied but the design of the trials is not usually homogeneous. Efficacy of the trial is determined depending on the selected primary endpoint and usually other different outcomes are measured. We aim to critically appraise which were the employed outcomes through a systematic review. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of literature focusing on studies on primary headache evaluating acute relief of pain, following the PRISMA guideline. The study population included patients participating in a controlled study about symptomatic treatment. The comparator could be placebo or the standard of care. The collected information was the primary outcome of the study and all secondary outcomes. We evaluated the studied drug, the year of publication and the type of journal. We performed a search and we screened all the potential papers and reviewed them considering inclusion/exclusion criteria. RESULTS The search showed 4288 clinical trials that were screened and 794 full articles were assessed for eligibility for a final inclusion of 495 papers. The studies were published in headache specific journals (58%), general journals (21.6%) and neuroscience journals (20.4%). Migraine was the most studied headache, in 87.8% studies, followed by tension type headache in 4.7%. Regarding the most evaluated drug, triptans represented 68.6% of all studies, followed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (25.1%). Only 4.6% of the papers evaluated ergots and 1.6% analyzed opioids. The most frequent primary endpoint was the relief of the headache at a determinate moment, in 54.1%. Primary endpoint was evaluated at 2-h in 69.9% of the studies. Concerning other endpoints, tolerance was the most frequently addressed (83%), followed by headache relief (71.1%), improvement of other symptoms (62.5%) and presence of relapse (54%). The number of secondary endpoints increased from 4.2 (SD = 2.0) before 1991 to 6.39 after 2013 (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Headache relief has been the most employed primary endpoint but headache disappearance starts to be firmly considered. The number of secondary endpoints increases over time and other outcomes such as disability, quality of life and patients' preference are receiving attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. García-Azorin
- Headache Unit Neurology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Valladolid, Avda. Ramón y Cajal 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - N. Yamani
- Danish Headache Centre and Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - L. M. Messina
- Child Neuropsychiatry School, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- U.O. Neuropsychiatry - ARNAS Civico, PO Di Cristina, Palermo, Italy
| | - I. Peeters
- Neurology Department, University Hospital of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M. Ferrili
- Headache Center, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - D. Ovchinnikov
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petesburg, Russia
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petesburg, Russia
| | - M. L. Speranza
- Internal Medicine Department, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - V. Marini
- Internal Medicine Department, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Negro
- Regional Referral Headache Centre, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Benemei
- Headache Centre, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M. Barloese
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - on behalf of the European Headache Federation School of Advanced Studies (EHF-SAS)
- Headache Unit Neurology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Valladolid, Avda. Ramón y Cajal 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Danish Headache Centre and Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Child Neuropsychiatry School, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- U.O. Neuropsychiatry - ARNAS Civico, PO Di Cristina, Palermo, Italy
- Neurology Department, University Hospital of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Headache Center, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petesburg, Russia
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petesburg, Russia
- Internal Medicine Department, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Regional Referral Headache Centre, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Headache Centre, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
The vertebrate cranial vault, or calvaria, forms during embryonic development from cranial mesenchyme of multiple embryonic origins. Inductive interactions are thought to specify the number and location of the calvarial bones, including interactions between the neuroepithelium and cranial mesenchyme. An important feature of calvarial development is the local inhibition of osteogenic potential which occurs between specific bones and results in the formation of the cranial sutures. These sutures allow for postnatal growth of the skull to accommodate postnatal increase in brain size. The molecular genetic mechanisms responsible for the patterning of individual calvarial bones and for the specification of the number and location of sutures are poorly understood at the molecular genetic level. Here we report on the function and expression pattern of the LIM-homeodomain gene, lmx1b, during calvarial development. Lmx1b is expressed in the neuroepithelium underlying portions of the developing skull and in cranial mesenchyme which contributes to portions of the cranial vault. Lmx1b is essential for proper patterning and morphogenesis of the calvaria since the supraoccipital and interparietal bones of lmx1b mutant mice are either missing or severely reduced. Moreover, lmx1b mutant mice have severely abnormal sutures between the frontal, parietal, and interparietal bones. Our results indicate that lmx1b is required for multiple events in calvarial development and suggest possible genetic interaction with other genes known to regulate skull development and suture formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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Chen H, Lun Y, Ovchinnikov D, Kokubo H, Oberg KC, Pepicelli CV, Gan L, Lee B, Johnson RL. Limb and kidney defects in Lmx1b mutant mice suggest an involvement of LMX1B in human nail patella syndrome. Nat Genet 1998; 19:51-5. [PMID: 9590288 DOI: 10.1038/ng0598-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dorsal-ventral limb patterning in vertebrates is thought to be controlled by the LIM-homeodomain protein Lmx1b which is expressed in a spatially and temporally restricted manner along the dorsal-ventral limb axis. Here we describe the phenotype resulting from targeted disruption of Lmx1b. Our results demonstrate that Lmx1b is essential for the specification of dorsal limb fates at both the zeugopodal and autopodal level with prominent phenotypes including an absence of nails and patellae. These features are similar to those present in a dominantly inherited human condition called nail patella syndrome (NPS), which also has renal involvement. Mouse Lmx1b maps to a region syntenic to that of the NPS gene, and kidneys of Lmx1b mutant mice exhibit pathological changes similar to that observed in NPS (refs 5,6). Our results demonstrate an essential function for Lmx1b in mouse limb and kidney development and suggest that NPS might result from mutations in the human LMX1B gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, U.T. M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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