1
|
Muñoz G, Chamberlain KM, Athukorale S, Ma G, Gu X, Pittman CU, Smith DW. Teaching Old Polymers New Tricks: Improved Synthesis and Anomalous Crystallinity for a Lost Semi‐Fluorinated Polyaryl Ether via Interfacial Polymerization of Hexafluoroacetone Hydrate and Diphenyl Ether. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202370011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
|
2
|
Muñoz G, Chamberlain KM, Athukorale S, Ma G, Gu X, Pittman CU, Smith DW. Teaching Old Polymers New Tricks: Improved Synthesis and Anomalous Crystallinity for a Lost Semi-Fluorinated Polyaryl Ether via Interfacial Polymerization of Hexafluoroacetone Hydrate and Diphenyl Ether. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200737. [PMID: 36271774 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A practical and direct electrophilic polymerization of hexafluoroacetone hydrate with diphenyl ether toward the preparation of semi-fluorinated polyaryl ethers (PAE) is reported. Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) polymerization under interfacial conditions with phase transfer catalyst (Aliquat 336) proceeds in trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride by generation of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and the protonated hexafluoroacetone (HFA) in situ affording 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropylidene (6F) PAE with high regioselectivity (4,4'-DPE) and high molecular weight (≈60 kDa). Although first reported in a 1966 US Patent by DuPont using harsh conditions, improved synthetic methods or modern characterization has not been disclosed until now. Despite the presence of the 6F group, known to impart disordered morphology, this simple semi-fluorinated PAE exhibits anomalous crystallinity with polymorphic melting points (Tm ) ranging from 230-309 °C, high solubility in common organic solvents, a glass transition (Tg ) of 163 °C, and thermo-oxidative stability above 500 °C. Tough optically clear films prepared from solution give transmittance higher than 90% throughout the visible region. Synthesis, mechanistic aspects, and characterization including surface and dielectric properties are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Muñoz
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, MS State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Kari M Chamberlain
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, MS State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Sumudu Athukorale
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, MS State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Guorong Ma
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Charles U Pittman
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, MS State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Dennis W Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, MS State, MS, 39762, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Basseal JM, Bennett CM, Collignon P, Currie BJ, Durrheim DN, Leask J, McBryde ES, McIntyre P, Russell FM, Smith DW, Sorrell TC, Marais BJ. Key lessons from the COVID-19 public health response in Australia. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2023; 30:100616. [PMID: 36248767 PMCID: PMC9549254 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Australia avoided the worst effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, but still experienced many negative impacts. Reflecting on lessons from Australia's public health response, an Australian expert panel composed of relevant discipline experts identified the following key lessons: 1) movement restrictions were effective, but their implementation requires careful consideration of adverse impacts, 2) disease modelling was valuable, but its limitations should be acknowledged, 3) the absence of timely national data requires re-assessment of national surveillance structures, 4) the utility of advanced pathogen genomics and novel vaccine technology was clearly demonstrated, 5) decision-making that is evidence informed and consultative is essential to maintain trust, 6) major system weaknesses in the residential aged-care sector require fixing, 7) adequate infection prevention and control frameworks are critically important, 8) the interests and needs of young people should not be compromised, 9) epidemics should be recognised as a 'standing threat', 10) regional and global solidarity is important. It should be acknowledged that we were unable to capture all relevant nuances and context specific differences. However, the intent of this review of Australia's public health response is to critically reflect on key lessons learnt and to encourage constructive national discussion in countries across the Western Pacific Region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JM Basseal
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - CM Bennett
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - P Collignon
- Medical School, Australian National University and Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia
| | - BJ Currie
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - DN Durrheim
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - J Leask
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - ES McBryde
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - P McIntyre
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - FM Russell
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - DW Smith
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia and PathWest Department of Microbiology, Perth, Australia
| | - TC Sorrell
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - BJ Marais
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Corresponding author at: Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145 Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shelar KE, Mukeba KM, Mills K, Smith DW. Renewable isosorbide‐enchained semi‐fluorinated aromatic ether polymers. Journal of Polymer Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ketki Eknath Shelar
- Department of Chemistry and MSU Advanced Composites Institute Mississippi State University Starkville Mississippi USA
| | - Karl M. Mukeba
- Department of Chemistry and MSU Advanced Composites Institute Mississippi State University Starkville Mississippi USA
| | - Kelly Mills
- Department of Chemistry and MSU Advanced Composites Institute Mississippi State University Starkville Mississippi USA
| | - Dennis W. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and MSU Advanced Composites Institute Mississippi State University Starkville Mississippi USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Caldona EB, Brown HO, Smith DW, Wipf DO. Superhydrophobic/Superoleophilic Surfaces by Electroless Nanoparticle Deposition and Perfluorinated Polymer Modification. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene B. Caldona
- Department of Chemistry and Marvin B. Dow Advanced Composites Institute, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Hunter O. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Marvin B. Dow Advanced Composites Institute, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Dennis W. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Marvin B. Dow Advanced Composites Institute, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - David O. Wipf
- Department of Chemistry and Marvin B. Dow Advanced Composites Institute, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Farajidizaji B, Borrego EI, Athukorale S, Jazi M, Donnadieu B, Pittman CU, Smith DW. Triphenylene-Enchained Perfluorocyclobutyl Aryl Ether Polymers: A Modular Synthetic Route to Processable Thermoplastics Approaching Upper Limit Tg and Photostability. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Farajidizaji
- Department of Chemistry and MSU Advanced Composites Institute, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Ernesto I. Borrego
- Department of Chemistry and MSU Advanced Composites Institute, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Sumudu Athukorale
- Department of Chemistry and MSU Advanced Composites Institute, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Mehdi Jazi
- Department of Chemistry and MSU Advanced Composites Institute, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Bruno Donnadieu
- Department of Chemistry and MSU Advanced Composites Institute, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Charles U. Pittman
- Department of Chemistry and MSU Advanced Composites Institute, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Dennis W. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and MSU Advanced Composites Institute, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Morrissey CK, Bledsoe AD, Zimmerman J, Bott SI, Stuart AR, Johnson KB, DeCou JA, Thackeray EM, Kuck K, Chacin AB, Dorsey DP, Chortkoff B, Drennan EL, Smith DW, Jackman CM, Paulsen LF, Egan TD. Reinvention of an academic anaesthesiology department during pandemic times: lessons learnt and adapting to a “new normal”. Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2021. [DOI: 10.36303/sajaa.2021.27.3.2576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- CK Morrissey
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah,
United States of America
| | - AD Bledsoe
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah,
United States of America
| | - J Zimmerman
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah,
United States of America
| | - SI Bott
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah,
United States of America
| | - AR Stuart
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah,
United States of America
| | - KB Johnson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah,
United States of America
| | - JA DeCou
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah,
United States of America
| | - EM Thackeray
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah,
United States of America
| | - K Kuck
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah,
United States of America
| | - AB Chacin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah,
United States of America
| | - DP Dorsey
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah,
United States of America
| | - B Chortkoff
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah,
United States of America
| | - EL Drennan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah,
United States of America
| | - DW Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah,
United States of America
| | - CM Jackman
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah,
United States of America
| | - LF Paulsen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah,
United States of America
| | - TD Egan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah,
United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Caldona EB, Zhang M, Liang G, Hollis TK, Webster CE, Smith DW, Wipf DO. Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic medium by simple azole-based aromatic compounds. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
9
|
Mukeba KM, Faradizaji B, Shelar KE, Pittman CU, Smith DW. Semi–fluorinated arylene vinylene ether (FAVE) telechelic polymers from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bisphenols and trifluorovinyl aryl ethers. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene B Caldona
- Department of Chemistry and Marvin B. Dow Advanced Composites Institute Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA
| | - Dennis W Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Marvin B. Dow Advanced Composites Institute Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA
| | - David O Wipf
- Department of Chemistry and Marvin B. Dow Advanced Composites Institute Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
A well-recognized relationship exists between aging and increased susceptibility
to chronic pain conditions, underpinning the view that pain signaling pathways
differ in aged individuals. Yet despite the higher prevalence of altered pain
states among the elderly, the majority of preclinical work studying mechanisms
of aberrant sensory processing are conducted in juvenile or young adult animals.
This mismatch is especially true for electrophysiological studies where patch
clamp recordings from aged tissue are generally viewed as particularly
challenging. In this study, we have undertaken an electrophysiological
characterization of spinal dorsal horn neurons in young adult (3–4 months) and
aged (28–32 months) mice. We show that patch clamp data can be routinely
acquired in spinal cord slices prepared from aged animals and that the
excitability properties of aged dorsal horn neurons differ from recordings in
tissue prepared from young animals. Specifically, aged dorsal horn neurons more
readily exhibit repetitive action potential discharge, indicative of a more
excitable phenotype. This observation was accompanied by a decrease in the
amplitude and charge of spontaneous excitatory synaptic input to dorsal horn
neurons and an increase in the contribution of GABAergic signaling to
spontaneous inhibitory synaptic input in aged recordings. While the functional
significance of these altered circuit properties remains to be determined,
future work should seek to assess whether such features may render the aged
dorsal horn more susceptible to aberrant injury or disease-induced signaling and
contribute to increased pain in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Mayhew
- 1 Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,2 Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - R J Callister
- 1 Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,2 Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - F R Walker
- 1 Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,2 Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - D W Smith
- 1 Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,2 Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - B A Graham
- 1 Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,2 Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Narayanan G, Faradizaji B, Mukeba KM, Shelar KE, De Silva M, Patrick A, Donnadieu B, Smith DW. Perfluorocyclohexenyl (PFCH) aromatic ether polymers from perfluorocyclohexene and polycyclic aromatic bisphenols. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00569j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Semi-fluorinated Perfluorocycloalkenyl (PFCA) aromatic polymers prepared from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bisphenols and contain reactive fluoroalkene linkages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Narayanan
- Department of Chemistry and The Marvin B. Dow Advanced Composites Institute
- Mississippi State University
- Starkville
- USA
| | - Behzad Faradizaji
- Department of Chemistry and The Marvin B. Dow Advanced Composites Institute
- Mississippi State University
- Starkville
- USA
| | - Karl M. Mukeba
- Department of Chemistry and The Marvin B. Dow Advanced Composites Institute
- Mississippi State University
- Starkville
- USA
| | - Ketki E. Shelar
- Department of Chemistry and The Marvin B. Dow Advanced Composites Institute
- Mississippi State University
- Starkville
- USA
| | - Maleesha De Silva
- Department of Chemistry and The Marvin B. Dow Advanced Composites Institute
- Mississippi State University
- Starkville
- USA
| | - Amanda Patrick
- Department of Chemistry and The Marvin B. Dow Advanced Composites Institute
- Mississippi State University
- Starkville
- USA
| | - Bruno Donnadieu
- Department of Chemistry and The Marvin B. Dow Advanced Composites Institute
- Mississippi State University
- Starkville
- USA
| | - Dennis W. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and The Marvin B. Dow Advanced Composites Institute
- Mississippi State University
- Starkville
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bjerregaard A, Laing IA, Backer V, Sverrild A, Khoo SK, Chidlow G, Sikazwe C, Smith DW, Le Souëf P, Porsbjerg C. High fractional exhaled nitric oxide and sputum eosinophils are associated with an increased risk of future virus-induced exacerbations: A prospective cohort study. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:1007-1013. [PMID: 28390083 PMCID: PMC7162064 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major trigger of asthma exacerbations is infection with a respiratory virus, most commonly rhinovirus. Type 2 inflammation is known to be associated with an increased risk of exacerbations in general. Whether type 2 inflammation at baseline increases the risk of future virus-induced exacerbations is unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess whether type 2 inflammation is associated with an increased risk of virus-induced exacerbations of asthma. METHODS Stable asthmatics had spirometry, skin prick test, measurement of FeNO and sputum induced for differential cell counts. Patients were followed up for 18 months, during which they were assessed at the research unit when they had symptoms of an exacerbation. Nasal swabs collected at these assessments underwent viral detection by PCR. RESULTS A total of 81 asthma patients were recruited, of which 22 (27%) experienced an exacerbation during the follow-up period. Of these, 15 (68%) had a respiratory virus detected at exacerbation. Sputum eosinophils >1% at baseline increased the risk of having a subsequent virus-induced exacerbation (HR 7.6 95% CI: 1.6-35.2, P=.010) as did having FeNO >25 ppb (HR 3.4 95% CI: 1.1-10.4, P=.033). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Established type 2 inflammation during stable disease is a risk factor for virus-induced exacerbations in a real-life setting. Measures of type 2 inflammation, such as sputum eosinophils and FeNO, could be included in the risk assessment of patients with asthma in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bjerregaard
- Respiratory Research Unit, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - I A Laing
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - V Backer
- Respiratory Research Unit, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Sverrild
- Respiratory Research Unit, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S-K Khoo
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - G Chidlow
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - C Sikazwe
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - D W Smith
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - P Le Souëf
- School of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - C Porsbjerg
- Respiratory Research Unit, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Green B, Oeppen RS, Smith DW, Brennan PA. Challenging hierarchy in healthcare teams - ways to flatten gradients to improve teamwork and patient care. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 55:449-453. [PMID: 28343734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In healthcare, mistakes that are potentially harmful or fatal to patients are often the result of poor communication between members of a team. This is particularly important in high-risk areas such as operating theatres or during any intervention, and the ability to challenge colleagues who are in authority when something does not seem right or is clearly wrong, is crucial. Colleagues in oral and maxillofacial surgery recognised the importance of this as early as 2004, and it is now well known that failure or reluctance to challenge others who might be wrong can severely compromise a patient's safety. The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh runs popular regular courses (Non-technical Skills for Surgeons, NOTSS) that teach how to ensure safety through good communication and teamwork. In this paper we introduce the concept of hierarchical challenge, and discuss models and approaches to address situations when problems arise within a team.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Green
- Department of Gastroenterology, Torbay Hospital, Torquay, UK
| | - R S Oeppen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, UK
| | - D W Smith
- Easyjet (A320 training Captain), Gatwick, UK
| | - P A Brennan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pappadis MR, Sander AM, Łukaszewska B, Struchen MA, Leung P, Smith DW. Effectiveness of an Educational Intervention on Reducing Misconceptions Among Ethnic Minorities With Complicated Mild to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2016; 98:751-758. [PMID: 28007444 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention designed to reduce traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related misconceptions among blacks and Latinos with complicated mild to severe TBI. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial with masked 1-month follow-up. SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS Persons (N=52) with complicated mild to severe TBI (mean best day 1 Glasgow Coma Scale score, 11.27±3.89) were randomly recruited from 141 eligible participants (mean age, 37.71±13.88y; age range, 19-66y; mean months postinjury, 24.69±11.50); 25 participants (48.1%) of participants were black and 27 (51.9%) were Hispanic/Latino. Of the Hispanic/Latino participants, 18 (66.7%) were non-U.S. born and 12 (44.4%) spoke Spanish as their primary language. Twenty-seven individuals were randomized to the educational intervention group and 25 were randomized to the wait-list control group. INTERVENTIONS Single-session educational intervention with written materials provided in English or Spanish. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Forty-item Common Misconceptions about Traumatic Brain Injury Questionnaire administered at baseline and 1-month follow-up. RESULTS After controlling for ethnic and language differences, a significant between-group main effect (P=.010) and a significant time-group interaction for the Common Misconceptions about Traumatic Brain Injury Questionnaire were noted (Wilks Λ=.89; F1,46=6.00; P=.02). The intervention group showed a decrease in TBI misconception percentages, whereas the wait-list control group maintained similar percentages. At 1-month follow-up, the wait-list control group reported more misconceptions than did the intervention group (P=.019). CONCLUSIONS An educational intervention developed to address the recovery process, common symptoms, and ways to handle the symptoms provides promise as a tool to decrease TBI misconceptions among persons from ethnically and educationally diverse backgrounds. The effects of therapist characteristics and the client-therapist relation on outcomes should be further explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monique R Pappadis
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX; Brain Injury Research Center, TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, TX; Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, Houston, TX.
| | - Angelle M Sander
- Brain Injury Research Center, TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, TX; Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation & Beth K. and Stuart C. Yudofsky Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Harris Health System, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Center for Neurotrauma Rehabilitation, Houston, TX
| | - Beata Łukaszewska
- Division of Clinical Neuropsychology and Psychology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Patrick Leung
- Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Dennis W Smith
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The reaction of the mesogenic epoxy monomer, p-bis(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-α-methylstilbene, with bis(hydroxyphenyl)- iso-propylidene and bis(hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoro- iso-propylidene affords new semifluorinated poly(hydroxy aryl ether) thermoplastics with controlled properties dependent upon fluorine incorporation. Step-growth polymerization in a DMAc solution (33 wt%) gave linear polymers with molecular weights ranging from 29 000–60 000 Mw and polydispersities ( Mw/Mn) from 1.7–2.1 (gel permeation chromatography). The polymers can be solution or melt processed, exhibit Tg’s ranging from 78 to 105 °C (dynamic scanning calorimetry) and maintain thermal stability above 390 °C (thermogravimetric analysis). The polymerization, characterization, and potential mesophase formation as a function of polymer dimensions and semifluorination is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA
| | - Stephen H Foulger
- School of Textiles, Fiber, and Polymer Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA
| | - Dennis W Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brown DK, Iacono ST, Cracowski J, Christensen K, Smith DW. Synthesis and characterization of a biphenyl perfluorocyclobutyl (BP‐PFCB) polyethylene glycol (PEG) blend compatibilizer. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dakarai K. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET) Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA
| | - Scott T. Iacono
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET) Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center United States Air Force Academy 2355 Fairchild Drive, 2N225 Colorado Springs CO 80840 USA
| | - Jean‐Marc Cracowski
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET) Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA
| | - Kenneth Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET) Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA
| | - Dennis W. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET) Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA
- Department of Chemistry and The Alan G. MacDiramid NanoTech Institute The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX 75080 USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Britton PN, Eastwood K, Paterson B, Durrheim DN, Dale RC, Cheng AC, Kenedi C, Brew BJ, Burrow J, Nagree Y, Leman P, Smith DW, Read K, Booy R, Jones CA. Consensus guidelines for the investigation and management of encephalitis in adults and children in Australia and New Zealand. Intern Med J 2016; 45:563-76. [PMID: 25955462 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Encephalitis is a complex neurological syndrome caused by inflammation of the brain parenchyma. The management of encephalitis is challenging because: the differential diagnosis of encephalopathy is broad; there is often rapid disease progression; it often requires intensive supportive management; and there are many aetiologic agents for which there is no definitive treatment. Patients with possible meningoencephalitis are often encountered in the emergency care environment where clinicians must consider differential diagnoses, perform appropriate investigations and initiate empiric antimicrobials. For patients who require admission to hospital and in whom encephalitis is likely, a staged approach to investigation and management is preferred with the potential involvement of multiple medical specialties. Key considerations in the investigation and management of patients with encephalitis addressed in this guideline include: Which first-line investigations should be performed?; Which aetiologies should be considered possible based on clinical features, risk factors and radiological features?; What tests should be arranged in order to diagnose the common causes of encephalitis?; When to consider empiric antimicrobials and immune modulatory therapies?; and What is the role of brain biopsy?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P N Britton
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health and Marie Bashir Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - K Eastwood
- Health Protection, Hunter New England Population Health, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Biopreparedness, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - B Paterson
- Biopreparedness, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D N Durrheim
- Biopreparedness, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R C Dale
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health and Marie Bashir Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - A C Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Kenedi
- Departments of, General Medicine, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand, USA.,Liaison Psychiatry, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand, USA.,Department of Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - B J Brew
- St Vincent's Centre for applied medical research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - J Burrow
- Department of Neurology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Y Nagree
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Emergency Department, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - P Leman
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Emergency Department, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - D W Smith
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - K Read
- Department of Infectious Diseases, North Shore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand, USA
| | - R Booy
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health and Marie Bashir Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - C A Jones
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health and Marie Bashir Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu J, Lund BR, Batchelor B, Dei DK, Liff SM, Smith DW. Suzuki polycondensation and post-polymerization modification toward electro-optic perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) aryl ether polymers: Synthesis and characterization. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
20
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To determine if there is a relationship between patient symptoms and functional improvement on inpatient rehabilitation. METHODS Retrospective review of medical records at an American tertiary referral-based cancer center of all patients admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation unit between 3/1/2013-5/20/2013. Main outcome measures included the Edmonton Symptom and Assessment Scale (ESAS) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). FINDINGS The medical records for 71 unique cancer rehabilitation inpatients were analyzed. Statistical analysis of total admission ESAS on total FIM change found no significant relationships. The symptom burden of the patients was mild. Patients demonstrated statistically significant improvements in function and symptoms during inpatient rehabilitation. The mean change in total FIM and total ESAS were an increase of 19.20 and decrease of 7.41 respectively. Statistically significant changes occurred in fatigue, sleep, pain, and anxiety. CONCLUSION Both symptom and functional scores improved significantly during inpatient rehabilitation. However, no significant relationships were found between symptoms at admission and improvement in FIM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack B Fu
- Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Jay Lee
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Houston
| | - Kenny B Tran
- Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Christian M Siangco
- Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Amy H Ng
- Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Dennis W Smith
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Houston
| | - Eduardo Bruera
- Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu J, Liou JH, Shu CY, Patel Y, Menon R, Santucci C, Iacono ST, Smith DW, Novak BM. Facile method towards functionalization of partially fluorinated polyarylethers via sequential post-polymerization modification. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
22
|
Almberg ES, Cross PC, Dobson AP, Smith DW, Metz MC, Stahler DR, Hudson PJ, Festa-Bianchet M. Social living mitigates the costs of a chronic illness in a cooperative carnivore. Ecol Lett 2015; 18:660-7. [PMID: 25983011 PMCID: PMC4676290 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Infection risk is assumed to increase with social group size, and thus be a cost of group living. We assess infection risk and costs with respect to group size using data from an epidemic of sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) among grey wolves (Canis lupus). We demonstrate that group size does not predict infection risk and that individual costs of infection, in terms of reduced survival, can be entirely offset by having sufficient numbers of pack-mates. Infected individuals experience increased mortality hazards with increasing proportions of infected pack-mates, but healthy individuals remain unaffected. The social support of group hunting and territory defence are two possible mechanisms mediating infection costs. This is likely a common phenomenon among other social species and chronic infections, but difficult to detect in systems where infection status cannot be measured continuously over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E S Almberg
- Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, PA, USA
| | - P C Cross
- US Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science CenterBozeman, MT, USA
| | - A P Dobson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton UniversityPrinceton, NJ, USA
- Santa Fe InstituteSanta Fe, NM, USA
| | - D W Smith
- Yellowstone Wolf ProjectYellowstone National Park, WY, USA
| | - M C Metz
- Yellowstone Wolf ProjectYellowstone National Park, WY, USA
- College of Forestry and Conservation, University of MontanaMissoula, MT, USA
| | - D R Stahler
- Yellowstone Wolf ProjectYellowstone National Park, WY, USA
| | - P J Hudson
- Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, PA, USA
| | - Marco Festa-Bianchet
- Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, PA, USA
- US Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science CenterBozeman, MT, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton UniversityPrinceton, NJ, USA
- Santa Fe InstituteSanta Fe, NM, USA
- Yellowstone Wolf ProjectYellowstone National Park, WY, USA
- College of Forestry and Conservation, University of MontanaMissoula, MT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu J, Iacono ST, McCandless GT, Smith DW, Novak BM. Utilization of a Meldrum's acid towards functionalized fluoropolymers possessing dual reactivity for thermal crosslinking and post-polymerization modification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:9220-2. [PMID: 25952621 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02382c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
New thermally cross-linkable and/or post-functionalizable perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) polymers containing Meldrum's acid moieties have been successfully prepared via the thermal cyclopolymerization of a new Meldrum's acid functionalized aromatic trifluorovinyl ether (TFVE) monomer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Wu
- Department of Chemistry and the Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Trnka L, Smith DW. Proteosynthetic activity of isolated ribosomes of Mycobacteria and its alteration by rifampicin and related tuberculostatic drugs. Antibiot Chemother 2015; 16:369-79. [PMID: 4108893 DOI: 10.1159/000386840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
25
|
Brown DK, Cracowski JM, Iacono ST, Christensen K, Smith DW. Preparation of biphenyl perfluorocyclobutyl (BP-PFCB) polyethylene glycol (PEG) copolymers by the formation of fluorinated arylene vinylene ether (FAVE). Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
26
|
Quinn RK, Brown AL, Goldie BJ, Levi EM, Dickson PW, Smith DW, Cairns MJ, Dayas CV. Distinct miRNA expression in dorsal striatal subregions is associated with risk for addiction in rats. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e503. [PMID: 25646592 PMCID: PMC4445746 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we published data using an animal model that allowed us to characterize animals into two groups, addiction vulnerable and addiction resilient, where we identified that addiction/relapse vulnerability was associated with deficits in synaptic plasticity-associated gene expression in the dorsal striatum (DS). Notable was the strong reduction in expression for activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) considered a master regulator of synaptic plasticity. In the present study, we confirmed that Arc messenger RNA was significantly decreased in the DS, but importantly, we identified that this reduction was restricted to the dorsomedial (DMS) and not dorsolateral striatum (DLS). There is recent evidence of microRNA (miRNA)-associated posttranscriptional suppression of Arc and animal models of addiction have identified a key role for miRNA in the regulation of addiction-relevant genes. In further support of this link, we identified several differentially expressed miRNA with the potential to influence addiction-relevant plasticity genes, including Arc. A key study recently reported that miR-212 expression is protective against compulsive cocaine-seeking. Supporting this hypothesis, we found that miR-212 expression was significantly reduced in the DMS but not DLS of addiction-vulnerable animals. Together, our data provide strong evidence that miRNA promote ongoing plasticity deficits in the DS of addiction-vulnerable animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Quinn
- Neurobiology of Addiction Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,The Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - A L Brown
- Neurobiology of Addiction Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,The Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - B J Goldie
- Neurobiology of Addiction Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,The Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - E M Levi
- Neurobiology of Addiction Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,The Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - P W Dickson
- Neurobiology of Addiction Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,The Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - D W Smith
- Neurobiology of Addiction Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,The Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - M J Cairns
- Neurobiology of Addiction Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,The Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - C V Dayas
- Neurobiology of Addiction Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,The Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and the Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Brown DK, Cracowski JM, Iacono ST, Christensen K, Smith DW. Preparation of segmented semifluorinated poly(aryl ether)s from aromatic trifluorovinyl ethers and oligo(ethylene glycol)s. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dakarai K. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET); Clemson, University; Clemson South Carolina 29634
| | - Jean-Marc Cracowski
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET); Clemson, University; Clemson South Carolina 29634
| | - Scott T. Iacono
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET); Clemson, University; Clemson South Carolina 29634
| | - Kenneth Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET); Clemson, University; Clemson South Carolina 29634
| | - Dennis W. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET); Clemson, University; Clemson South Carolina 29634
- Department of Chemistry and The Alan G. MacDiramid NanoTech Institute; The University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson Texas 75080
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Campos R, Mansur AA, Cook CH, Batchelor B, Iacono ST, Smith DW. AB-type monomers for the preparation of perfluorocycloalkene (PFCA) aryl ether polymers. J Fluor Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
29
|
Rodriguez AX, Olvera N, Leung P, O'Connor DP, Smith DW. Association between the summer season and body fatness and aerobic fitness among Hispanic children. J Sch Health 2014; 84:233-238. [PMID: 24617906 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated changes in adiposity and fitness during the academic year (AY) and summer season (SS) in minority children. This study aimed to assess if adiposity indicators and fitness change during the school AY and SS in Hispanic children. METHODS One hundred nineteen low-income Hispanic children (9.2 ± 0.8) participated in the study. Demographic, body weight and height, percent body fat (% BF), and aerobic endurance were assessed at 3 time points: measurement 1 (M1), beginning of AY; M2, end of AY; and M3, end of SS. Using weight and height, body mass index (BMI) was calculated and normalized (BMI z-scores). Mixed effects between-within-subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA) design was used to examine changes in selected variables. RESULTS A significant decrease of BMI z-scores in overweight children (p = .024) was observed during the AY only, but not during the SS. Percent BF increased significantly over the AY and SS (p < .001), particularly in girls. Aerobic endurance showed a significant increase over the AY (p < .001), but it did not change over the SS (p = .552). CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that the SS might place Hispanic children at increased risk for additional adiposity and lower fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augusto X Rodriguez
- Kinesiology Department, Rice University, MS 545, PO Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251-1892
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Scheiner S, Pivonka P, Smith DW, Dunstan CR, Hellmich C. Mathematical modeling of postmenopausal osteoporosis and its treatment by the anti-catabolic drug denosumab. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng 2014; 30:1-27. [PMID: 24039120 PMCID: PMC4291103 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, has been approved for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The therapeutic effect of denosumab rests on its ability to inhibit osteoclast differentiation. Here, we present a computational approach on the basis of coupling a pharmacokinetics model of denosumab with a pharmacodynamics model for quantifying the effect of denosumab on bone remodeling. The pharmacodynamics model comprises an integrated systems biology-continuum micromechanics approach, including a bone cell population model, considering the governing biochemical factors of bone remodeling (including the action of denosumab), and a multiscale micromechanics-based bone mechanics model, for implementing the mechanobiology of bone remodeling in our model. Numerical studies of postmenopausal osteoporosis show that denosumab suppresses osteoclast differentiation, thus strongly curtailing bone resorption. Simulation results also suggest that denosumab may trigger a short-term bone volume gain, which is, however, followed by constant or decreasing bone volume. This evolution is accompanied by a dramatic decrease of the bone turnover rate by more than one order of magnitude. The latter proposes dominant occurrence of secondary mineralization (which is not anymore impeded through cellular activity), leading to higher mineral concentration per bone volume. This explains the overall higher bone mineral density observed in denosumab-related clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Scheiner
- Institute for Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Vienna University of Technology, Austria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fu JB, Lee J, Smith DW, Shin K, Guo Y, Bruera E. Frequency and reasons for return to the primary acute care service among patients with lymphoma undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. PM R 2013; 6:629-34. [PMID: 24384360 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the frequency and risk factors for return to the primary acute care service among patients with lymphoma undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Tertiary referral-based cancer center. PATIENTS All patients with a history of lymphoma admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation between October 1, 2003, and January 30, 2013. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Items analyzed from patient records included return to the primary acute care service with demographic information, lymphoma characteristics, medications, hospital admission characteristics, and laboratory values. RESULTS A total of 143 unique patient admissions were analyzed, and 54 of these 143 lymphoma inpatient rehabilitation admissions (38%) returned to the primary acute care service. However, 16 of 54 (30%) returned because they needed additional chemotherapy. Excluding patients who returned to the primary acute care service for chemotherapy, statistically significant or approaching statistically significant factors (P < .10) associated with return to the primary acute care service included a creatinine level ≥ 1.3 mg/dL (P = .0002), male gender (P = .001), history of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (P = .0355), and presence of an intravenous antifungal agent (P = .0717). Of the patients transferred back to the primary acute care service, 13 of 38 (34%) were discharged directly home, 10 of 38 (26%) died in the hospital, 7 of 38 (18%) were transferred to a subacute rehabilitation facility, and 4 of 38 (11%) were transferred to inpatient rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS When excluding patients who returned for chemotherapy, patients with lymphoma who were male, had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and had a creatinine level ≥ 1.3 mg/dL demonstrated increased risk for return to the primary acute care service.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack B Fu
- Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, Unit 1414, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030(∗).
| | - Jay Lee
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX(†)
| | - Dennis W Smith
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX(‡)
| | - Ki Shin
- Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX(§)
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX(‖)
| | - Eduardo Bruera
- Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX(¶)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sharma B, Hill SC, Liff SM, Pennington WT, Smith DW. Perfluorocyclohexenyl aryl ether polymers via polycondensation of decafluorocyclohexene with bisphenols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Babloo Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech InstituteThe University of Texas at DallasRichardson Texas75080
| | - Sarah C. Hill
- Department of ChemistryClemson UniversityClemson South Carolina29630
| | | | | | - Dennis W. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech InstituteThe University of Texas at DallasRichardson Texas75080
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Sharma B, VanDerveer DG, Liff SM, Smith DW. Bis-perfluorocycloalkenyl (PFCA) aryl ether monomers towards a versatile class of semi-fluorinated aryl ether polymers. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
35
|
Verma R, Creager S, Ballato J, Smith DW. Optimized statically non-wetting hydrophobic electrospun surface of perfluorocyclobutyl aryl ether polymer. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajneesh Verma
- Department of Chemistry and the Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute; University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Stephen Creager
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Material Science and Engineering; (COMSET), Clemson University; Clemson SC 29631 USA
| | - John Ballato
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Material Science and Engineering; (COMSET), Clemson University; Clemson SC 29631 USA
| | - Dennis W Smith
- Department of Chemistry and the Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute; University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson TX 75080 USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Goodman
- a The Department of Health Promotion and Education , School of Public Health, University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , 29208 , USA
| | - Martha Tenney
- b Health Education Division , Forsyth County Health Department , Winston-Salem , NC , 27102 , USA
| | - Dennis W. Smith
- c The Department Health and Human Performance , University of Houston , Houston , TX , 77204 , USA
| | - Allan Steckler
- d The Department of Health Behavior and Health Education , School of Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , 27599 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Olvera N, Leung P, Kellam SF, Smith DW, Liu J. Summer and follow-up interventions to affect adiposity with mothers and daughters. Am J Prev Med 2013; 44:S258-66. [PMID: 23415191 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of effective obesity interventions to reduce adiposity indicators in Latina girls is a public health priority because of their increased risk for becoming overweight. Research indicates that the summer season may be a critical time to intervene because summer exacerbates children's risk for excessive weight gain and increased body fat development. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to determine if summer and follow-up interventions reduce adiposity in Latina girls; (2) to assess if such interventions reduce adiposity in Latina girls after controlling for their mothers' adiposity measures. DESIGN This study had a non-experimental (one-group pre- and multiple post-intervention assessment) design. Following a 4-week healthy-lifestyle summer program, each mother-daughter pair participated in 12 weekly follow-up sessions. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS The sample consisted of 61 pairs of Latina girls and their mothers (N=122). Daughters' average age was 10.9 years (± 1.6 years) and mothers' average age was 38.0 years (± 1.6 years). All daughters and 92% of the mothers were categorized as overweight/obese. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Percent body fat (%BF), abdominal fat, and height and weight measurements to calculate BMI were conducted at pre-intervention (M1 [baseline]) and three post-intervention time points (M2 [Month 2]; M3 [Month 3]; and M4 [Month 6]). Paired sample t-tests were used to assess the differences in adiposity among the daughters from M1 to M4. Repeated-measures ANCOVA tests were used to control for mother's adiposity. RESULTS Reductions of %BF (p<0.001); abdominal fat (p<0.05); and BMI (p<0.001) at M2 were found for the summer intervention, but no effects were found at M4. Maternal %BF, abdominal fat, and BMI did not have an impact on the daughters' adiposity indicators. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study revealed that a summer intervention appears to be effective in reducing adiposity in Latina girls, but the follow-up sessions did not result in sustaining continued reductions. Maternal measures did not influence their daughters' adiposity measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norma Olvera
- Health Program, Educational Psychology Department, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5029, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Affiliation(s)
- Juan G. Cremades
- a Department of Health and Human Performance , University of Houston , Houston , TX , 77204 , USA
| | - Dennis W. Smith
- a Department of Health and Human Performance , University of Houston , Houston , TX , 77204 , USA
| | - James J. Zhang
- a Department of Health and Human Performance , University of Houston , Houston , TX , 77204 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis W. Smith
- a Department of Health and Human Performance , College of Education, The University of Houston , Houston , TX , 77204 , USA
| | - Allan B. Steckler
- b Department of Health Behavior and Education , School of Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , 27599-7400 , USA
| | - Laura K. McCormick
- c Center for Health Promotion Research and Development , The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston , TX , 77225 , USA
| | - Kenneth R. McLeroy
- d Department of Health Promotion Sciences , College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma , Oklahoma City , OK , 73190 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Keck
- Department of Chemistry; United States Air Force Academy; 2355 Fairchild Drive, Suite 2N225, USAF Academy CO 80840 USA
| | - Timm A Knoerzer
- Department of Chemistry; United States Air Force Academy; 2355 Fairchild Drive, Suite 2N225, USAF Academy CO 80840 USA
| | - Dennis W Smith
- Department of Chemistry and the Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute; University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Scott T Iacono
- Department of Chemistry; United States Air Force Academy; 2355 Fairchild Drive, Suite 2N225, USAF Academy CO 80840 USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dei DK, Lund BR, Wu J, Simon D, Ware T, Voit WE, MacFarlane D, Liff SM, Smith DW. High Performance and Multipurpose Triarylamine-Enchained Semifluorinated Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:35-39. [PMID: 35581822 DOI: 10.1021/mz300532z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Transparent, film-forming fluorinated arylene vinylene ether (FAVE) polymers with enchained triarylamine (TAA) moieties were prepared and characterized. Control over fluoro-olefin content within the backbone, as a function of base, was confirmed and postpolymerization dehydrofluorination was shown to increase fluoroolefin content from 5 to 31 mol %. Thermal cross-linking was found to occur approximately 100 °C lower than in traditional FAVE polymers (ca. 160 °C). Electrochemical analysis demonstrated the enchained TAA retained its established electrochemical character. The latent reactivity of the TAA was explored via electrophilic aromatic substitution and formylation reactions toward precise functionalization for specific electro-optic applications and others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shawna M. Liff
- Intel Corporation, Chandler, Arizona 85226, United
States
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lee JT, Smith DW, Colwell B. An exploration of transactional states and cessation-related social variables within adolescent smokers. Tob Induc Dis 2012; 10:20. [PMID: 23256777 PMCID: PMC3554554 DOI: 10.1186/1617-9625-10-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Given the high rate of adolescent smoking, cessation remains a vital public health priority. This study explored archival data using a structured phenomenological framework known as Reversal Theory (RT). In order to better understand aspects of adolescent tobacco use we compared the transactional, psychological states described by RT to the factor structure of adolescents' self-reported social environment influencing tobacco use. METHODS In a two step analysis of questions about self-reported tobacco use cognitions, attitudes, and behaviors from youth enrolled during the 2003-2004 period in a Texas, state-wide, mandated tobacco cessation program (N=1807), four factors and 11 items were identified as significantly related to the influence of social context and adolescents' tobacco use. These first step results guided the items to be selected for further analysis. In step two the variables were subjected to a factor analysis using principal components extraction and varimax rotation. The resulting factor structure was compared and interpreted within the context of descriptions of RT transactional states. RESULTS The analysis indicated that four factors were closely aligned to descriptions of the Reversal Theory transactional states and could be reinterpreted from within the framework of RT. The first factor included feelings of self-efficacy for quitting (autic mastery). The second and third transactional factors diverged between one factor to quit, and an opposing transactional factor to continue to smoke. Both of these transactional states are variants of the autocentric state where one wants to experience feelings of gain with the help of others. The fourth factor could be interpreted as 'confidence' or 'optimism'. CONCLUSIONS This intra-individual conflict revealed by the opposition of factors two and three clarifies a paradoxical issue where an adolescent wants to quit smoking with social support in one setting yet in another social environment chooses to smoke to gain or retain peer acceptance. These data illustrate that adolescent' self-identified quit skills and social support structures are important to the quitting process. This exploratory investigation has important implications for addressing RT state reversals in youth cessation programming activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay T Lee
- Department of Educational Psychology, Health Program Area, College of Education, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dennis W Smith
- Department of Educational Psychology, Health Program Area, College of Education, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian Colwell
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Texas A&M School of Rural Public Health, College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fu JB, Lee J, Smith DW, Guo Y, Bruera E. Return to primary service among bone marrow transplant rehabilitation inpatients: an index for predicting outcomes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2012; 94:356-61. [PMID: 23022262 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.08.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess rehabilitation inpatient risk of return to primary (RTP) service in patients with bone marrow transplant (BMT). DESIGN Retrospective review. SETTING Inpatient rehabilitation unit within a tertiary referral-based cancer center. PARTICIPANTS All patients with BMT (131) who were admitted a total of 147 times to inpatient rehabilitation between January 1, 2002, and April 30, 2010. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We analyzed RTP service and demographic information, cancer characteristics, medications, hospital admission characteristics, and laboratory values. RESULTS A total of 61 (41%) of 147 of BMT admissions were transferred from the inpatient rehabilitation unit back to the primary service. Of those transferred back, 23 (38%) of 61 died after being transferred back to the primary service. Significant or near-significant relationships were found for a platelet count of <43,000 per microliter (P<.01); a creatinine level of >0.9 milligrams/deciliter (P<.01); the presence of an antiviral agent (P=.0501); the presence of an antibacterial agent (P=.0519); the presence of an antifungal agent (P<.05); and leukemia, lymphoma, or multiple myeloma diagnosis (P<.05). Using 5 of these factors, the RTP-BMT index was formulated to determine the likelihood of return to the primary team. CONCLUSIONS Patients with BMT have a high rate of transfer from the inpatient rehabilitation unit back to the primary service. The RTP-BMT index score can be a useful tool to help clinicians predict the likelihood of return to the primary acute care service.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack B Fu
- Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Srinivasan S, Keil A, Stratis K, Woodruff Carr KL, Smith DW. Effects of cross-modal selective attention on the sensory periphery: cochlear sensitivity is altered by selective attention. Neuroscience 2012; 223:325-32. [PMID: 22871520 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that alterations in the focus of attention result in changes in neural responding at the most peripheral levels of the auditory system. To date, however, those studies have not ruled out differences in task demands or overall arousal in explaining differences in responding across intermodal attentional conditions. The present study sought to compare changes in the response of cochlear outer hair cells, employing distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), under different, balanced conditions of intermodal attention. DPOAEs were measured while the participants counted infrequent, brief exemplars of the DPOAE primary tones (auditory attending), and while counting visual targets, which were instances of Gabor gradient phase shifts (visual attending). Corroborating an earlier study from our laboratory, the results show that DPOAEs recorded in the auditory-ignoring condition were significantly higher in overall amplitude, compared with DPOAEs recorded while participants attended to the eliciting primaries; a finding in apparent contradiction with more central measures of intermodal attention. Also consistent with our previous findings, DPOAE rapid adaptation, believed to be mediated by the medial olivocochlear efferents (MOC), was unaffected by changes in intermodal attention. The present findings indicate that manipulations in the conditions of attention, through the corticofugal pathway, and its last relay to cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs), the MOC, alter cochlear sensitivity to sound. These data also suggest that the MOC influence on OHC sensitivity is composed of two independent processes, one of which is under attentional control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Srinivasan
- Program in Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Affiliation(s)
- Alysia Lowe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson,
Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Wenjin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson,
Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Dennis W. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson,
Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Balkus
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson,
Texas 75080-3021, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hurt AC, Hardie K, Wilson NJ, Deng YM, Osbourn M, Leang SK, Lee RTC, Iannello P, Gehrig N, Shaw R, Wark P, Caldwell N, Givney RC, Xue L, Maurer-Stroh S, Dwyer DE, Wang B, Smith DW, Levy A, Booy R, Dixit R, Merritt T, Kelso A, Dalton C, Durrheim D, Barr IG. Characteristics of a widespread community cluster of H275Y oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza in Australia. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:148-57. [PMID: 22561367 PMCID: PMC3379839 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Oseltamivir resistance in A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza is rare, particularly in untreated community cases. Sustained community transmission has not previously been reported. Methods. Influenza specimens from the Asia–Pacific region were collected through sentinel surveillance, hospital, and general practitioner networks. Clinical and epidemiological information was collected on patients infected with oseltamivir-resistant viruses. Results. Twenty-nine (15%) of 191 A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses collected between May and September 2011 from Hunter New England (HNE), Australia, contained the H275Y neuraminidase substitution responsible for oseltamivir resistance. Only 1 patient had received oseltamivir before specimen collection. The resistant strains were genetically very closely related, suggesting the spread of a single variant. Ninety percent of cases lived within 50 kilometers. Three genetically similar oseltamivir-resistant variants were detected outside of HNE, including 1 strain from Perth, approximately 4000 kilometers away. Computational analysis predicted that neuraminidase substitutions V241I, N369K, and N386S in these viruses may offset the destabilizing effect of the H275Y substitution. Conclusions This cluster represents the first widespread community transmission of H275Y oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza. These cases and data on potential permissive mutations suggest that currently circulating A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses retain viral fitness in the presence of the H275Y mutation and that widespread emergence of oseltamivir-resistant strains may now be more likely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Hurt
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abayasinghe NK, Perera KPU, Thomas C, Daly A, Suresh S, Burg K, Harrison GM, Smith DW. Amido-modified polylactide for potential tissue engineering applications. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 2012; 15:595-606. [PMID: 15264661 DOI: 10.1163/156856204323046861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ester amide) copolymers based on L-lactide (2) and a new depsipeptide (1) were prepared by ring opening polymerization in the presence of Sn(Oct)2 as the catalyst. Variable monomer feed ratios up to 2.3 mol% 1 afforded copolymers containing ester and amido functional groups in the backbone. Lower glass transition temperatures and reduced crystallization kinetics and crystallinity compared to homo-polylactide (PLA) was achieved with low levels of amido incorporation. A reactivity comparison between enchainment of 2 and 1 was determined using in situ infrared spectroscopy. An increase in shear viscosity was observed with the increase of 1 content as determined by rheology studies. Cellular compatibility of the co-polymers was investigated by seeding D1 mouse stem cells onto films and characterizing cell morphology by optical microscopy. Preliminary results indicate that these novel materials exhibit reduced cell attachment compared to PLA and, pending further exploration, may have potential use in biomedical applications.
Collapse
|
49
|
Budy SM, Suresh S, Foulger SH, Smith DW. Perfluorinated polymer colloids: Controlling the size, shape, and surface charge. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 371:42-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
50
|
Banda M, Naskar AK, Perera KPU, Moreland C, Hodge T, Wallace K, Beckham HW, Smith DW. FUNCTIONALIZATION OF USED TIRE RUBBER BY HYDROSILYLATION. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 2012. [DOI: 10.5254/1.3672430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A new method for the surface modification of used tire rubber (UTR) is being developed. The method involves hydrosilylation of ground UTR particles with trichlorosilane (TCS) under various reaction conditions. The reaction has been carried out with and without solvents and catalysts (Karsted's/Pt catalyst). TCS treated UTR particles are then hydrolyzed to obtain silanol functionalized hydrosilylated rubber powder. Attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared, solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis are provided as evidence of hydrosilylation onto rubber particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madan Banda
- 1DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, CLEMSON UNIVERSITY, CLEMSON, SOUTH CAROLINA 29634, USA
| | - Amit K. Naskar
- 1DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, CLEMSON UNIVERSITY, CLEMSON, SOUTH CAROLINA 29634, USA
| | | | - Cal Moreland
- 2MICHELIN AMERICAS R&D CORPORATION, GREENVILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA 29602, USA
| | - Tom Hodge
- 2MICHELIN AMERICAS R&D CORPORATION, GREENVILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA 29602, USA
| | - Kevin Wallace
- 2MICHELIN AMERICAS R&D CORPORATION, GREENVILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA 29602, USA
| | - Haskell W. Beckham
- 3SCHOOL OF POLYMER, TEXTILE AND FIBER ENGINEERING, GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30332, USA
| | - Dennis W. Smith
- 1DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, CLEMSON UNIVERSITY, CLEMSON, SOUTH CAROLINA 29634, USA
- 4DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, DEPARTMENT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, AND THE ALAN G. MACDIARMID NANOTECH INSTITUTE, THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS, RICHARDSON, TEXAS 75080, USA
| |
Collapse
|