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Grizzanti J, Moritz WR, Pait MC, Stanley M, Kaye SD, Carroll CM, Constantino NJ, Deitelzweig LJ, Snipes JA, Kellar D, Caesar EE, Pettit-Mee RJ, Day SM, Sens JP, Nicol NI, Dhillon J, Remedi MS, Kiraly DD, Karch CM, Nichols CG, Holtzman DM, Macauley SL. KATP channels are necessary for glucose-dependent increases in amyloid-β and Alzheimer's disease-related pathology. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e162454. [PMID: 37129980 PMCID: PMC10386887 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated blood glucose levels, or hyperglycemia, can increase brain excitability and amyloid-β (Aβ) release, offering a mechanistic link between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since the cellular mechanisms governing this relationship are poorly understood, we explored whether ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, which couple changes in energy availability with cellular excitability, play a role in AD pathogenesis. First, we demonstrate that KATP channel subunits Kir6.2/KCNJ11 and SUR1/ABCC8 were expressed on excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the human brain, and cortical expression of KCNJ11 and ABCC8 changed with AD pathology in humans and mice. Next, we explored whether eliminating neuronal KATP channel activity uncoupled the relationship between metabolism, excitability, and Aβ pathology in a potentially novel mouse model of cerebral amyloidosis and neuronal KATP channel ablation (i.e., amyloid precursor protein [APP]/PS1 Kir6.2-/- mouse). Using both acute and chronic paradigms, we demonstrate that Kir6.2-KATP channels are metabolic sensors that regulate hyperglycemia-dependent increases in interstitial fluid levels of Aβ, amyloidogenic processing of APP, and amyloid plaque formation, which may be dependent on lactate release. These studies identify a potentially new role for Kir6.2-KATP channels in AD and suggest that pharmacological manipulation of Kir6.2-KATP channels holds therapeutic promise in reducing Aβ pathology in patients with diabetes or prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Grizzanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - William R. Moritz
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Morgan C. Pait
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Molly Stanley
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Sarah D. Kaye
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Caitlin M. Carroll
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Constantino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lily J. Deitelzweig
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - James A. Snipes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Derek Kellar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily E. Caesar
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | - Noelle I. Nicol
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jasmeen Dhillon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maria S. Remedi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research
| | | | - Celeste M. Karch
- Department of Psychiatry
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology; and
| | - Colin G. Nichols
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David M. Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology; and
| | - Shannon L. Macauley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
- Center on Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Center for Precision Medicine; and
- Cardiovascular Sciences Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Hoscheidt S, Sanderlin AH, Baker LD, Jung Y, Lockhart S, Kellar D, Whitlow C, Hanson AJ, Friedman S, Register T, Leverenz JB, Craft S. Mediterranean and Western diet effects on Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, cerebral perfusion, and cognition in mid-life: A randomized trial. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 18:457-468. [PMID: 34310044 PMCID: PMC9207984 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Mid‐life dietary patterns are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, although few controlled trials have been conducted. Methods Eighty‐seven participants (age range: 45 to 65) with normal cognition (NC, n = 56) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 31) received isocaloric diets high or low in saturated fat, glycemic index, and sodium (Western‐like/West‐diet vs. Mediterranean‐like/Med‐diet) for 4 weeks. Diet effects on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, cognition, and cerebral perfusion were assessed to determine whether responses differed by cognitive status. Results CSF amyloid beta (Aβ)42/40 ratios increased following the Med‐diet, and decreased after West‐diet for NC adults, whereas the MCI group showed the reverse pattern. For the MCI group, the West‐diet reduced and the Med‐diet increased total tau (t‐tau), whereas CSF Aβ42/t‐tau ratios increased following the West‐diet and decreased following the Med‐diet. For NC participants, the Med‐diet increased and the West‐diet decreased cerebral perfusion. Discussion Diet response during middle age may highlight early pathophysiological processes that increase AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura D Baker
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Youngkyoo Jung
- University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Samuel Lockhart
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Derek Kellar
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Angela J Hanson
- University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Seth Friedman
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas Register
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - James B Leverenz
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruovo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Caron B, Stuck R, McPherson B, Bullock D, Kitchell L, Faskowitz J, Kellar D, Cheng H, Newman S, Port N, Pestilli F. Collegiate athlete brain data for white matter mapping and network neuroscience. Sci Data 2021; 8:56. [PMID: 33574337 PMCID: PMC7878753 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00823-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a dataset of processed data with associated reproducible preprocessing pipeline collected from two collegiate athlete groups and one non-athlete group. The dataset shares minimally processed diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data, three models of the diffusion signal in the voxel, full-brain tractograms, segmentation of the major white matter tracts as well as structural connectivity matrices. There is currently a paucity of similar datasets openly shared. Furthermore, major challenges are associated with collecting this type of data. The data and derivatives shared here can be used as a reference to study the effects of long-term exposure to collegiate athletics, such as the effects of repetitive head impacts. We use advanced anatomical and dMRI data processing methods publicly available as reproducible web services at brainlife.io.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Caron
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, 702 North Walnut Grove St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, 800 E. Atwater Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Ricardo Stuck
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, 702 North Walnut Grove St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Brent McPherson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Daniel Bullock
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, 702 North Walnut Grove St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Lindsey Kitchell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Program in Cognitive Science, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - Joshua Faskowitz
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, 702 North Walnut Grove St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Derek Kellar
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Hu Cheng
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, 702 North Walnut Grove St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Sharlene Newman
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, 702 North Walnut Grove St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, 1402E Northeast Medical Building, Box 870328, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Nicholas Port
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, 702 North Walnut Grove St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, 800 E. Atwater Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Program in Cognitive Science, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Franco Pestilli
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, 702 North Walnut Grove St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, 800 E. Atwater Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- Program in Cognitive Science, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, School of Informatics, Indiana University, 700 North Woodlawn Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA.
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, School of Informatics, Indiana University, 700 North Woodlawn Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA.
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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Kellar D, Lockhart SN, Aisen P, Raman R, Rissman RA, Brewer J, Craft S. Intranasal Insulin Reduces White Matter Hyperintensity Progression in Association with Improvements in Cognition and CSF Biomarker Profiles in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2021; 8:240-248. [PMID: 34101779 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2021.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intranasally administered insulin has shown promise in both rodent and human studies in Alzheimer's disease; however, both effects and mechanisms require elucidation. OBJECTIVE We assessed the effects of intranasally administered insulin on white matter health and its association with cognition and cerebral spinal fluid biomarker profiles in adults with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease in secondary analyses from a prior phase 2 clinical trial (NCT01767909). DESIGN A randomized (1:1) double-blind clinical trial. SETTING Twelve sites across the United States. PARTICIPANTS Adults with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease. INTERVENTION Participants received either twice daily placebo or insulin (20 IU Humulin R U-100 b.i.d.) intranasally for 12 months. Seventy-eight participants were screened, of whom 49 (32 men) were enrolled. MEASUREMENTS Changes from baseline in global and regional white matter hyperintensity volume and gray matter volume were analyzed and related to changes in cerebral spinal fluid biomarkers, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognition, Clinical Disease Rating-Sum of Boxes, Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living Scale, and a memory composite. RESULTS The insulin-treated group demonstrated significantly reduced changes in white matter hyperintensity volume in deep and frontal regions after 12 months, with a similar trend for global volume. White matter hyperintensity volume progression correlated with worsened Alzheimer's disease cerebral spinal fluid biomarker profile and cognitive function; however, patterns of correlations differed by treatment group. CONCLUSION Intranasal insulin treatment for 12 months reduced white matter hyperintensity volume progression and supports insulin's potential as a therapeutic option for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kellar
- Suzanne Craft, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157,
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Kellar D, Craft S. Brain insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders: mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19:758-766. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Neth BJ, Mintz A, Whitlow C, Jung Y, Solingapuram Sai K, Register TC, Kellar D, Lockhart SN, Hoscheidt S, Maldjian J, Heslegrave AJ, Blennow K, Cunnane SC, Castellano CA, Zetterberg H, Craft S. Modified ketogenic diet is associated with improved cerebrospinal fluid biomarker profile, cerebral perfusion, and cerebral ketone body uptake in older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 86:54-63. [PMID: 31757576 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no established therapy to treat or prevent Alzheimer's disease. The ketogenic diet supplies an alternative cerebral metabolic fuel, with potential neuroprotective effects. Our goal was to compare the effects of a modified Mediterranean-ketogenic diet (MMKD) and an American Heart Association Diet (AHAD) on cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's biomarkers, neuroimaging measures, peripheral metabolism, and cognition in older adults at risk for Alzheimer's. Twenty participants with subjective memory complaints (n = 11) or mild cognitive impairment (n = 9) completed both diets, with 3 participants discontinuing early. Mean compliance rates were 90% for MMKD and 95% for AHAD. All participants had improved metabolic indices following MMKD. MMKD was associated with increased cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 and decreased tau. There was increased cerebral perfusion and increased cerebral ketone body uptake (11C-acetoacetate PET, in subsample) following MMKD. Memory performance improved after both diets, which may be due to practice effects. Our results suggest that a ketogenic intervention targeted toward adults at risk for Alzheimer's may prove beneficial in the prevention of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Neth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Whitlow
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Youngkyoo Jung
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Thomas C Register
- Department of Pathology - Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Derek Kellar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Samuel N Lockhart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Siobhan Hoscheidt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Joseph Maldjian
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Amanda J Heslegrave
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Stephen C Cunnane
- Research Centre on Aging, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Cheng H, Kellar D, Lake A, Finn P, Rebec GV, Dharmadhikari S, Dydak U, Newman S. Effects of Alcohol Cues on MRS Glutamate Levels in the Anterior Cingulate. Alcohol Alcohol 2018; 53:209-215. [PMID: 29329417 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that glutamate neurotransmission plays a critical role in alcohol addiction. Cue-induced change of glutamate has been observed in animal studies but never been investigated in humans. This work investigates cue-induced change in forebrain glutamate in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). A total of 35 subjects (17 individuals with AUD and 18 healthy controls) participated in this study. The glutamate concentration was measured with single-voxel 1H-MR spectroscopy at the dorsal anterior cingulate. Two MRS sessions were performed in succession, the first to establish basal glutamate levels and the second to measure the change in response to alcohol cues. The changes in glutamate were quantified for both AUD subjects and controls. A mixed model ANOVA and t-tests were performed for statistical analysis. ANOVA revealed a main effect of cue-induced decrease of glutamate level in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). A significant interaction revealed that only AUD subjects showed significant decrease of glutamate in the ACC. There were no significant group differences in the level of basal glutamate. However, a negative correlation was found between the basal glutamate level and the number of drinking days in the past 2 weeks for the AUD subjects. Collectively, our results indicate that glutamate in key areas of the forebrain reward circuit is modulated by alcohol cues in early alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Cheng
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Derek Kellar
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Allison Lake
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Peter Finn
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - George V Rebec
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Shalmali Dharmadhikari
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ulrike Dydak
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sharlene Newman
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Kellar D, Newman S, Pestilli F, Cheng H, Port NL. Comparing fMRI activation during smooth pursuit eye movements among contact sport athletes, non-contact sport athletes, and non-athletes. Neuroimage Clin 2018. [PMID: 29541575 PMCID: PMC5849867 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Though sub-concussive impacts are common during contact sports, there is little consensus whether repeat blows affect brain function. Using a "lifetime exposure" rather than acute exposure approach, we examined oculomotor performance and brain activation among collegiate football players and two control groups. Our analysis examined whether there are group differences in eye movement behavioral performance and in brain activation during smooth pursuit. Methods Data from 21 off-season Division I football "starters" were compared with a) 19 collegiate cross-country runners, and b) 11 non-athlete college students who were SES matched to the football player group (total N = 51). Visual smooth pursuit was performed while undergoing fMRI imaging via a 3 Tesla scanner. Smooth pursuit eye movements to three stimulus difficulty levels were measured with regard to RMS error, gain, and lag. Results No meaningful differences were found for any of the standard analyses used to assess smooth pursuit eye movements. For fMRI, greater activation was seen in the oculomotor region of the cerebellar vermis and areas of the FEF for football players as compared to either control group, who did not differ on any measure. Conclusion Greater cerebellar activity among football players while performing an oculomotor task could indicate that they are working harder to compensate for some subtle, long-term subconcussive deficits. Alternatively, top athletes in a sport requiring high visual motor skill could have more of their cerebellum and FEF devoted to oculomotor task performance regardless of subconcussive history. Overall, these results provide little firm support for an effect of accumulated subconcussion exposure on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Kellar
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th St., Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Sharlene Newman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th St., Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Franco Pestilli
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th St., Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Hu Cheng
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th St., Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Nicholas L Port
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th St., Bloomington, IN, United States.
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Ang S, Maiti S, Moriarity B, Andrews K, Ossowski M, Tzeng K, Talbot R, Kellar D, Huls H, Kebriaei P, Kelly S, Shpall E, Largaespada D, Champlin R, Hackett P, Cooper L. Assessing Sleeping Beauty Transpositions for T-Cell Immunotherapy by Supercomputer-Based High-Throughput Profiling of Integration Events. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2011.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Maiti S, Zhang M, Bernatchez C, Torikai H, Kellar D, Gibbons H, Hernandez J, Andersson H, Huls H, Lee D, Hwu P, Radvanyi L, Cooper L. Digital Multiplexed Quantification of Both T-Cell Receptor β-Chain and α-Chain Diversity in T Cells Using the Nanostring nCounter Assay System. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.12.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kellar D, Gryniewski K. MLO's national salary survey: MTs and MLTs respond. MLO Med Lab Obs 1999; Suppl:17-20. [PMID: 10539655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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