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Haspula D, Cui Z. Neurochemical Basis of Inter-Organ Crosstalk in Health and Obesity: Focus on the Hypothalamus and the Brainstem. Cells 2023; 12:1801. [PMID: 37443835 PMCID: PMC10341274 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise neural regulation is required for maintenance of energy homeostasis. Essential to this are the hypothalamic and brainstem nuclei which are located adjacent and supra-adjacent to the circumventricular organs. They comprise multiple distinct neuronal populations which receive inputs not only from other brain regions, but also from circulating signals such as hormones, nutrients, metabolites and postprandial signals. Hence, they are ideally placed to exert a multi-tier control over metabolism. The neuronal sub-populations present in these key metabolically relevant nuclei regulate various facets of energy balance which includes appetite/satiety control, substrate utilization by peripheral organs and glucose homeostasis. In situations of heightened energy demand or excess, they maintain energy homeostasis by restoring the balance between energy intake and expenditure. While research on the metabolic role of the central nervous system has progressed rapidly, the neural circuitry and molecular mechanisms involved in regulating distinct metabolic functions have only gained traction in the last few decades. The focus of this review is to provide an updated summary of the mechanisms by which the various neuronal subpopulations, mainly located in the hypothalamus and the brainstem, regulate key metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanush Haspula
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhenzhong Cui
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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2
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Alanazi AZ, Alhazzani K, Alrewily SQ, Aljerian K, Algahtani MM, Alqahtani QH, Haspula D, Alhamed AS, Alqinyah M, Raish M. The Potential Protective Role of Naringenin against Dasatinib-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:921. [PMID: 37513833 PMCID: PMC10383559 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dasatinib (DASA) is a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor, approved for leukemia treatment. However, the long-term use of DASA induces several complications, especially liver damage. On the other hand, Naringenin (NGN) is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent which is known to exert protective effects in several liver disease animal models. Yet, the effect of NGN on DASA-induced hepatotoxicity has not been examined. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of NGN against DASA-induced acute liver injury, using a mouse model. The mice were given NGN (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg po) or saline for 7 days, followed by DASA on the eighth day (25 mg/kg p.o.). DASA treatment alone was found to cause overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and malonyl aldehyde (MDA), whereas attenuation of antioxidant genes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Interestingly, a pretreatment with NGN + DASA resulted in minimizing the proinflammatory mediators and restoring the levels of antioxidant genes. In addition, there was evidence of necro-inflammatory changes in histopathological findings in the liver samples after DASA administration which remarkably reduced with NGN + DASA. Thus, this study revealed that NGN could minimize the hepatotoxicity induced by DASA by providing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Z Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alhazzani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah Q Alrewily
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaldoon Aljerian
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad M Algahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qamraa H Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhanush Haspula
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abdullah S Alhamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alqinyah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
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O'Connor AT, Haspula D, Alanazi AZ, Clark MA. Roles of Angiotensin III in the brain and periphery. Peptides 2022; 153:170802. [PMID: 35489649 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang) III, a biologically active peptide of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) is predominantly known for its central effects on blood pressure. Our understanding of the RAS has evolved from the simplified, classical RAS, a hormonal system regulating blood pressure to a complex system affecting numerous biological processes. Ang II, the main RAS peptide has been widely studied, and its deleterious effects when overexpressed is well-documented. However, other components of the RAS such as Ang III are not well studied. This review examines the molecular and biological actions of Ang III and provides insight into Ang III's potential role in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Tenneil O'Connor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Dhanush Haspula
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD NIH-20892, USA
| | - Ahmed Z Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michelle A Clark
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
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4
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Haspula D, Clark MA. Cannabinoid Receptors: An Update on Cell Signaling, Pathophysiological Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities in Neurological, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7693. [PMID: 33080916 PMCID: PMC7590033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of the human cannabinoid receptors and their roles in health and disease, has been one of the most significant biochemical and pharmacological advancements to have occurred in the past few decades. In spite of the major strides made in furthering endocannabinoid research, therapeutic exploitation of the endocannabinoid system has often been a challenging task. An impaired endocannabinoid tone often manifests as changes in expression and/or functions of type 1 and/or type 2 cannabinoid receptors. It becomes important to understand how alterations in cannabinoid receptor cellular signaling can lead to disruptions in major physiological and biological functions, as they are often associated with the pathogenesis of several neurological, cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. This review focusses mostly on the pathophysiological roles of type 1 and type 2 cannabinoid receptors, and it attempts to integrate both cellular and physiological functions of the cannabinoid receptors. Apart from an updated review of pre-clinical and clinical studies, the adequacy/inadequacy of cannabinoid-based therapeutics in various pathological conditions is also highlighted. Finally, alternative strategies to modulate endocannabinoid tone, and future directions are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanush Haspula
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Michelle A. Clark
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
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Hoffmann BR, Haspula D, Roethle M, Cabrera S, Moosreiner A, Hessner M. Effects of Chronic Artificial Sweetener Consumption on Type 1 Diabetes Susceptibility. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.06118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Susanne Cabrera
- Medical College of Wisconsin
- Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin
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Hoffmann BR, Haspula D. Hyperglycemia‐Induced Inhibition of the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Pathway in the Vascular Endothelium. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Haspula D, Hoffmann B. Augmentation of Hyperglycemia‐Induced Damage in a Diabetic Rat Endothelium is Potentially Regulated by the Nfκβ Signaling Pathway. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.04069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Haspula D, Vallejos AK, Moore TM, Tomar N, Dash RK, Hoffmann BR. Influence of a Hyperglycemic Microenvironment on a Diabetic Versus Healthy Rat Vascular Endothelium Reveals Distinguishable Mechanistic and Phenotypic Responses. Front Physiol 2019; 10:558. [PMID: 31133884 PMCID: PMC6524400 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a critical factor in the development of endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Whether hyperglycemic states result in a disruption of similar molecular mechanisms in endothelial cells under both diabetic and non-diabetic states, remains largely unknown. This study aimed to address this gap in knowledge through molecular and functional characterization of primary rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (RCMVECs) derived from the T2DM Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model in comparison to control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) in response to a normal (NG) and hyperglycemic (HG) microenvironment. GK and WKY RCMVECs were cultured under NG (4.5 mM) and HG (25 mM) conditions for 3 weeks, followed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), qPCR, tube formation assay, microplate based fluorimetry, and mitochondrial respiration analyses. Following database matching and filtering (false discovery rate ≤ 5%, scan count ≥ 10), we identified a greater percentage of significantly altered proteins in GK (7.1%, HG versus NG), when compared to WKY (3.5%, HG versus NG) RCMVECs. Further stringent filters (log2ratio of > 2 or < -2, p < 0.05) followed by enrichment and pathway analyses of the MS/MS and quantitative PCR datasets (84 total genes screened), resulted in the identification of several molecular targets involved in angiogenic, redox and metabolic functions that were distinctively altered in GK as compared to WKY RCMVECs following HG exposure. While the expression of thirteen inflammatory and apoptotic genes were significantly increased in GK RCMVECs under HG conditions (p < 0.05), only 2 were significantly elevated in WKY RCMVECs under HG conditions. Several glycolytic enzymes were markedly reduced and pyruvate kinase activity was elevated in GK HG RCMVECs, while in mitochondrial respiratory chain activity was altered. Supporting this, TNFα and phorbol ester (PMA)-induced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production were significantly enhanced in GK HG RCMVECs when compared to baseline levels (p < 0.05). Additionally, PMA mediated increase was the greatest in GK HG RCMVECs (p < 0.05). While HG caused reduction in tube formation assay parameters for WKY RCMVECs, GK RCMVECs exhibited impaired phenotypes under baseline conditions regardless of the glycemic microenvironment. We conclude that hyperglycemic microenvironment caused distinctive changes in the bioenergetics and REDOX pathways in the diabetic endothelium as compared to those observed in a healthy endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanush Haspula
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Max McGee National Research Center, Children's Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Andrew K Vallejos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Timothy M Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Namrata Tomar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ranjan K Dash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Brian R Hoffmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Max McGee National Research Center, Children's Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Hoffmann BR, Ronan G, Centeno EG, Danner L, Roethle M, Haspula D, Hessner MJ. Cardiometabolic Effects Associated with the Absorption of Intact Non‐caloric Artificial Sweeteners. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.592.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian R. Hoffmann
- Biomedical Engineering and PhysiologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
- Max McGee National Research CenterMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
- Cardiovascular CenterMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
- Biomedical EngineeringMarquette UniversityMilwaukeeWI
| | - George Ronan
- Biomedical EngineeringMarquette UniversityMilwaukeeWI
| | | | - Laura Danner
- Biomedical EngineeringMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - Mark Roethle
- Max McGee National Research CenterMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - Dhanush Haspula
- Biomedical EngineeringMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - Martin J. Hessner
- Max McGee National Research CenterMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
- Pediatrics (Endocrinology)Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
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Haspula D, Hoffmann B. Integrative Glycoproteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analyses to reveal Vascular Alterations in Response to a Hyperglycemic Microenvironment. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.828.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanush Haspula
- Biomedical EngineeringMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
- Max McGee National Research CenterMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - Brian Hoffmann
- Biomedical EngineeringMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
- Max McGee National Research CenterMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
- PhysiologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
- Cardiovascular CenterMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
- Biomedical EngineeringMarquette UniversityMilwaukeeWI
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11
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Haspula D, Vallejos A, Hoffmann B. Influence of a Hyperglycemic Microenvironment on a Healthy versus Diabetic Rat Vascular Endothelium Reveals Distinct Mechanistic and Phenotypic Responses. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.828.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanush Haspula
- Biomedical EngineeringMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
- Max McGee National Research CenterMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - Andrew Vallejos
- Biomedical EngineeringMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - Brian Hoffmann
- Biomedical EngineeringMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
- Max McGee National Research CenterMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
- PhysiologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
- Cardiovascular CenterMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
- Biomedical EngineeringMarquette UniversityMilwaukeeWI
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Haspula D, Clark MA. Molecular Basis of the Brain Renin Angiotensin System in Cardiovascular and Neurologic Disorders: Uncovering a Key Role for the Astroglial Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor AT1R. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 366:251-264. [PMID: 29752427 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.248831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The central renin angiotensin system (RAS) is one of the most widely investigated cardiovascular systems in the brain. It is implicated in a myriad of cardiovascular diseases. However, studies from the last decade have identified its involvement in several neurologic abnormalities. Understanding the molecular functionality of the various RAS components can thus provide considerable insight into the phenotypic differences and mechanistic drivers of not just cardiovascular but also neurologic disorders. Since activation of one of its primary receptors, the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R), results in an augmentation of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, it becomes essential to investigate not just neuronal RAS but glial RAS as well. Glial cells are key homeostatic regulators in the brain and are critical players in the resolution of overt oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Designing better and effective therapeutic strategies that target the brain RAS could well hinge on understanding the molecular basis of both neuronal and glial RAS. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the major studies that have investigated the mechanisms and regulation of the brain RAS, and it also provides insight into the potential role of glial AT1Rs in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanush Haspula
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (D.H.); and College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida (M.A.C.)
| | - Michelle A Clark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (D.H.); and College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida (M.A.C.)
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Hoffmann BR, Ronan G, Haspula D. The Influence of Sugar and Artificial Sweeteners on Vascular Health during the Onset and Progression of Diabetes. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.603.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Robert Hoffmann
- Biomedical EngineeringMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
- PhysiologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
- Biomedical EngineeringMarquette UniversityMilwaukeeWI
- Cardiovascular CenterMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - George Ronan
- Biomedical EngineeringMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
- Biomedical EngineeringMarquette UniversityMilwaukeeWI
| | - Dhanush Haspula
- Biomedical EngineeringMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
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Haspula D, Vallejos A, Moore T, Tomar N, Dash R, Hoffmann B. Differential response of GK and WKY rat microvascular endothelial cells to a hyperglycemic environment. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.902.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanush Haspula
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMedical college of Wisconsin and Marquette UniversityMilwaukeeWI
| | - Andrew Vallejos
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMedical college of Wisconsin and Marquette UniversityMilwaukeeWI
- Cardiovascular CenterMedical college of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - Timothy Moore
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMedical college of Wisconsin and Marquette UniversityMilwaukeeWI
| | - Namrata Tomar
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMedical college of Wisconsin and Marquette UniversityMilwaukeeWI
| | - Ranjan Dash
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMedical college of Wisconsin and Marquette UniversityMilwaukeeWI
- Department of PhysiologyMedical college of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - Brian Hoffmann
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMedical college of Wisconsin and Marquette UniversityMilwaukeeWI
- Department of PhysiologyMedical college of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
- Cardiovascular CenterMedical college of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
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Haspula D, Clark MA. Neuroinflammation and sympathetic overactivity: Mechanisms and implications in hypertension. Auton Neurosci 2018; 210:10-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Haspula D, Clark MA. Heterologous regulation of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor by angiotensin II in astrocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Neurochem 2016; 139:523-536. [PMID: 27529509 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Brainstem and cerebellar astrocytes have critical roles to play in hypertension and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, respectively. Angiotensin (Ang) II, via the astroglial Ang type 1 receptor (AT1R), has been demonstrated to elevate pro-inflammatory mediators in the brainstem and the cerebellum. The activation of astroglial cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R), a master regulator of homeostasis, has been shown to neutralize inflammatory states. Factors that drive disease progression are known to alter the expression of CB1Rs. In this study, we investigated the role of Ang II in regulating CB1R protein and mRNA expression in astrocytes isolated from the brainstem and the cerebellum of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The results were then compared with their normotensive counterpart, Wistar rats. Not only was the basal expression of CB1R protein and mRNA significantly lower in SHR brainstem astrocytes, but treatment with Ang II resulted in lowering it further in the initial 12 h. In the case of cerebellum, Ang II up-regulated the CB1R protein and mRNA in SHR astrocytes. While the effect of Ang II on CB1R protein was predominantly mediated via the AT1R in SHR brainstem; both AT1R- and AT2R-mediated Ang II's effect in the SHR cerebellum. These data are strongly indicative of a potential new mode of cross-talk between components of the renin angiotensin system and the endocannabinoid system in astrocytes. The consequence of such a cross-talk could be a potential reduced endocannabinoid tone in brainstem in hypertensive states, but not in the cerebellum under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanush Haspula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle A Clark
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
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Kandalam U, Sarmiento N, Haspula D, Clark MA. Angiotensin III induces signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and interleukin-6 mRNA levels in cultured rat astrocytes. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 16:758-67. [PMID: 24961501 DOI: 10.1177/1470320314534509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently we established that pro-inflammatory actions of angiotensin (Ang) II in astrocytes involved Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). MATERIALS AND METHODS In our current study, we determined in brainstem and cerebellum whether Ang III also activates STAT3 leading to IL-6 mRNA expression and astrocyte proliferation. RESULTS Ang III induced STAT3 phosphorylation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Significant STAT3 phosphorylation was rapid and was maximal within 10 min, and with 100 nM Ang III. The Ang AT1 receptor was shown to mediate this action of Ang III. Ang III also significantly induced IL-6 mRNA expression within an hour, and maximal Ang III-mediated IL-6 mRNA expression occurred in the presence of 100 nM Ang III. Ang III-mediated IL-6 mRNA expression occurred by the interaction of the peptide with the Ang AT1 receptor and was mediated by STAT3. In addition, STAT3 was shown to mediate Ang III astrocyte proliferation. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that Ang III, similar to Ang II, has pro-inflammatory effects since it induces STAT3 leading to an induction of IL-6 mRNA expression, outcomes that lend relevance to the physiological importance of central Ang III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umadevi Kandalam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nova Southeastern University, USA
| | - Nancy Sarmiento
- Farquhar College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, USA
| | - Dhanush Haspula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, USA
| | - Michelle A Clark
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, USA
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Haspula D, Clark M. Modulation of the cannabinoid‐1 receptor by angiotensin II in astrocytes isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rats (1140.8). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1140.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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