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Leventaki E, Couto Queiroz E, Krishnan Pisharody S, Kumar Siva Kumar A, Hoang Ho P, Andersson-Sarning M, Haase B, Baena-Moreno FM, Cuin A, Bernin D. Aqueous mineral carbonation of three different industrial steel slags: absorption capacities and product characterization. Environ Res 2024:118903. [PMID: 38609070 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Heavy carbon industries produce solid side stream materials that contain inorganic chemicals like Ca, Na, or Mg, and other metals such as Fe or Al. These inorganic compounds usually react efficiently with CO2 to form stable carbonates. Therefore, using these side streams instead of virgin chemicals to capture CO2 is an appealing approach to reduce CO2 emissions. Herein, we performed an experimental study of the mineral carbonation potential of three industrial steel slags via aqueous, direct carbonation. To this end, we studied the absorption capacities, reaction yields, and physicochemical characteristics of the carbonated samples. The absorption capacities and the reaction yields were analyzed through experiments carried out in a reactor specifically designed to work without external stirring. As for the physicochemical characterization, we used solid-state Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Using this reactor, the absorption capacities were between 5.8 and 35.3 g/L and reaction yields were in the range of 81-211 kg CO2/ton of slag. The physicochemical characterization of the solid products with solid FTIR, XRD and SEM indicated the presence of CaCO3. This suggests that there is potential to use the carbonated products in commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouela Leventaki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eduarda Couto Queiroz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shyam Krishnan Pisharody
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amit Kumar Siva Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Phuoc Hoang Ho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Andersson-Sarning
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Haase
- Höganäs Sweden AB, Bruksgatan 34-35, 263 39 Höganäs, Sweden
| | - Francisco M Baena-Moreno
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Alexandre Cuin
- LQBin - Laboratório de Química BioInorgânica, Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Diana Bernin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Naserifar S, Koschella A, Heinze T, Bernin D, Hasani M. Correction: Investigation of cellulose dissolution in morpholinium-based solvents: impact of solvent structural features on cellulose dissolution. RSC Adv 2023; 13:35017. [PMID: 38046625 PMCID: PMC10690872 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra90120c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D3RA03370H.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Naserifar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden +46317722999
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Andreas Koschella
- Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Diana Bernin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden +46317722999
| | - Merima Hasani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden +46317722999
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
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3
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Naserifar S, Koschella A, Heinze T, Bernin D, Hasani M. Investigation of cellulose dissolution in morpholinium-based solvents: impact of solvent structural features on cellulose dissolution. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18639-18650. [PMID: 37346962 PMCID: PMC10280132 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03370h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of N-methylmorpholinium salts with varying N-alkyl chains and Cl-, OAc- and OH- as counter ions have been synthesized and investigated for their ability to dissolve cellulose, aiming at elucidating solvent structural features affecting cellulose dissolution. Synthesis procedures have been developed to, to a high extent, rely on conversions in water and microwave-assisted reactions employing a reduced number of work-up steps and ion-exchange resins that can be regenerated. Water solutions of morpholinium hydroxides proved capable of dissolving cellulose, with those of them possessing alkyl chains longer than ethyl showing surprising dissolution ability at room-temperature. Morpholinium acetates behaved as ionic liquids, and were also capable of dissolving cellulose when combined with DMSO. The obtained cellulose solutions were characterized according to their chemical and colloidal stability using 13C NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography and flow sweep measurements, while the ethanol coagulates were investigated in terms of crystallinity using solid state NMR. In contrast, the morpholinium chlorides obtained were hygroscopic with high melting points and low solubility in common organic solvents e.g., acetone, DMSO and DMAc, thus lacking the ability to swell or dissolve cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Naserifar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden +46317722999
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Andreas Koschella
- Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Diana Bernin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden +46317722999
| | - Merima Hasani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden +46317722999
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
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Melro E, Riddell A, Bernin D, da Costa AMR, Valente AJM, Antunes FE, Romano A, Norgren M, Medronho B. Levulinic Acid-Based "Green" Solvents for Lignocellulose Fractionation: On the Superior Extraction Yield and Selectivity toward Lignin. Biomacromolecules 2023. [PMID: 37288956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The high potential use of lignin in novel biomaterials and chemicals represents an important opportunity for the valorization of the most abundant natural resource of aromatic molecules. From an environmental perspective, it is highly desirable replacing the hazardous methods currently used to extract lignin from lignocellulosic biomass and develop more sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches. Therefore, in this work, levulinic acid (a "green" solvent obtained from biomass) was successfully used, for the first time, to selectively extract high-quality lignin from pine wood sawdust residues at 200 °C for 6 h (at atmospheric pressure). Moreover, the addition of catalytic concentrations of inorganic acids (i.e., H2SO4 or HCl) was found to substantially reduce the temperature and reaction times needed (i.e., 140 °C, 2 h) for complete lignin extraction without compromising its purity. NMR data suggests that condensed OH structures and acidic groups are present in the lignin following extraction. Levulinic acid can be easily recycled and efficiently reused several times without affecting its performance. Furthermore, excellent solvent reusability and performance of extraction of other wood residues has been successfully demonstrated, thus making the developed levulinic acid-based procedure highly appealing and promising to replace the traditional less sustainable methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Melro
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Science351─Disruptive & Sustainable R&D Innovations, Instituto Pedro Nunes, Ed. C, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexander Riddell
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ana M Rosa da Costa
- Algarve Chemistry Research Centre (CIQA), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Artur J M Valente
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipe E Antunes
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Science351─Disruptive & Sustainable R&D Innovations, Instituto Pedro Nunes, Ed. C, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Romano
- MED─Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Ed. 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Magnus Norgren
- FSCN Research Centre, Surface and Colloid Engineering, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Bruno Medronho
- MED─Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Ed. 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- FSCN Research Centre, Surface and Colloid Engineering, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
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Volpatti LR, Bernin D, Bozzano G, Chuck-Hernandez C, Shawalliah Idris S, Mayolo-Deloisa K. Editorial: Women in chemical engineering. Front Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2023.1164380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
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Baena-Moreno FM, Leventaki E, Ho PH, Tajik AR, Brzic D, Sardina G, Ström H, Bernin D. Potential of organic carbonates production for efficient carbon dioxide capture, transport and storage: Reaction performance with sodium hydroxide-ethanol mixtures. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14140. [PMID: 36923899 PMCID: PMC10009675 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dioxide storage is one of the main long-term strategies for reducing carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere. A clear example is Norway's Longship project. If these projects should succeed, the transport of huge volumes of carbon dioxide from the emissions source to the injection points may become a complex challenge. In this work, we propose the production of sodium-based organic carbonates that could be transported to storage sites and be reconverted to CO2. Solid carbonates can be transported in considerably lower volumes than gases or pressurized liquids. Sodium-based carbonates are insoluble in most of the organic solvents and will therefore precipitate in contrast to in aqueous solutions. Particularly, here we focus on sodium hydroxide-ethanol mixtures as solvents for precipitating sodium ethyl carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. Previous works on this approach used limited sodium hydroxide concentrations, which are insufficient to prove the effectiveness of the proposed process. In this paper, we studied higher sodium hydroxide concentrations in sodium hydroxide-ethanol mixtures than previously reported in the literature. To this end, we use the following strategy: (1) In-line monitoring of the formation of carbonates using an in-line FTIR; (2) In-line measurements of the weight increase, which correspond directly to the captured carbon dioxide and reveal the absorption capacity; (3) Characterization of the solids with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. Our FTIR results confirmed that both sodium ethyl carbonate and sodium bicarbonate were formed, which agrees with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. With this reactor design, the absorption capacities reached approximately 80-93% of the theoretical values (4.8-13.3 g/L respectively). We hypothesize that full conversion is hampered because the gas might take preferential paths due to gel formation during the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M. Baena-Moreno
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Corresponding author.
| | - Emmanouela Leventaki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Phuoc Hoang Ho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Abdul Raouf Tajik
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Danica Brzic
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gaetano Sardina
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ström
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Corresponding author.
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Riddell A, Kvist P, Bernin D. A 3D printed photoreactor for investigating variable reaction geometry, wavelength, and fluid flow. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:084103. [PMID: 36050099 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Research in the field of photochemistry, including photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis, has been revitalized due to the potential that photochemical reactions show in the sustainable production of chemicals. Therefore, there is a need for flexible photoreactor equipment that allows for the evaluation of the geometry, light wavelength, and intensity of the vessel, along with the fluid flow in various photochemical reactions. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) have narrow emission spectra and can be either pulsed or run continuously; being flexible, they can be arranged to fit the dimensions of various types of the reactor vessel, depending on the application. This study presents a 3D printed photoreactor with the ability to adjust distances easily and switch between high-power LED light sources. The reactor design utilizes customized printed circuit boards to mount varying numbers and types of LEDs, which enables multiple wavelengths to be used simultaneously. These LED modules, comprised of heat sinks and cooling fans, fulfill the higher heat dissipation requirements of high-power LEDs. The flexibility of the reactor design is useful for optimizing the reaction geometry, flow conditions, wavelength, and intensity of photochemical reactions on a small scale. The estimates for incident light intensity under five possible reactor configurations using ferrioxalate actinometry are reported so that comparisons with other photoreactors can be made. The performance of the photoreactor for differing vessel sizes and distances, in both the flow and batch modes, is given for a photochemical reaction on 2-benzyloxyphenol-a model substance for lignin and applicable in the production of biobased chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Riddell
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patric Kvist
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Nowacka-Perrin A, Steglich T, Topgaard D, Bernin D. In situ 13 C solid-state polarization transfer NMR to follow starch transformations in food. Magn Reson Chem 2022; 60:671-677. [PMID: 35094442 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Convenience food products tend to alter their quality and texture while stored. Texture-giving food components are often starch-rich ingredients, such as pasta or rice. Starch transforms depending on time, temperature and water content, which alters the properties of products. Monitoring these transformations, which are associated with a change in mobility of the starch chain segments, could optimize the quality of food products containing multiple ingredients. In order to do so, we applied a simple and efficient in situ 13 C solid-state magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR approach, based on two different polarization transfer schemes, cross polarization (CP) and insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer (INEPT). The efficiency of the CP and INEPT transfer depends strongly on the mobility of chain segments-the time scale of reorientation of the CH-bond and the order parameter. Rigid crystalline or amorphous starch chains give rise to CP peaks, whereas mobile gelatinized starch chains appear as INEPT peaks. Comparing 13 C solid-state MAS NMR experiments based on CP and INEPT allows insight into the progress of gelatinization, and other starch transformations, by reporting on both rigid and mobile starch chains simultaneously with atomic resolution by the 13 C chemical shift. In conjunction with 1 H solid-state MAS NMR, complementary information about other food components present at low concentration, such as lipids and protein, can be obtained. We demonstrate our approach on starch-based products and commercial pasta as a function of temperature and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Steglich
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
- Structure and Material Design, SP Food and Bioscience, Structure and Material Design, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Diana Bernin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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9
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Naserifar S, Kuijpers PF, Wojno S, Kádár R, Bernin D, Hasani M. In situ monitoring of cellulose etherification in solution: probing the impact of solvent composition on the synthesis of 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl-cellulose in aqueous hydroxide systems. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00231k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose etherification can be affected by tuning the solvent composition as indicated by monitoring the reaction using in situ IR spectroscopy and rheology measurements together with NMR characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Naserifar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Sylwia Wojno
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roland Kádár
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Merima Hasani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ojagh H, Achour A, Ho PH, Bernin D, Creaser D, Pajalic O, Holmberg J, Olsson L. Effect of DMSO on the catalytical production of 2,5-bis(hydoxymethyl)furan from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over Ni/SiO 2 catalysts. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00255d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly effective production of 2,5-bis(hydoxymethyl)furan (BHMF) from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has been achieved over Ni/SiO2 catalyst. An effect of DMSO on the HMF hydrogenation is demonstrated under practical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Ojagh
- Competence Center for Catalysis, Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Abdenour Achour
- Competence Center for Catalysis, Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Phuoc Hoang Ho
- Competence Center for Catalysis, Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Competence Center for Catalysis, Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Derek Creaser
- Competence Center for Catalysis, Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oleg Pajalic
- Perstorp AB, Industriparken, 284 80 Perstorp, Sweden
| | | | - Louise Olsson
- Competence Center for Catalysis, Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Gunnarsson M, Bernin D, Hasani M. On the interference of urea with CO 2/CO 32- chemistry of cellulose model solutions in NaOH(aq). Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117059. [PMID: 33142611 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The CO2/CO32- chemistry of the cellulose/NaOH(aq) solutions has been recently reported to comprise a CO2 incorporation through formation of a transient cellulose carbonate intermediate along with cellulose - CO32- interactions. This work explores on molecular interactions arising when this chemistry is brought together with urea, the most common stabiliser of these solutions. 1H, 13C and steady-state heteronuclear Overhauser effect NMR studies on the cellulose analogues (methyl-β-glucopyranoside (β-MeO-Glcp) and microcrystalline cellulose), combined with pH and ATR-FTIR measurements, reveal concurrent interactions of urea with both CO2 and CO32-- leading to increased uptake of CO2 and a buffering effect. Yet, regardless of the presence of urea, the route of conversion from CO2 to CO32-, whether going through reaction with the carbohydrate alkoxides or OH-, is likely to determine the chemical environment of the formed CO32-. These findings shed a new light on rather overlooked, albeit prominent, interactions in these solutions with the readily absorbed air CO2, essential for further development and implementation, whether towards regenerated and modified cellulose or CO2-capturing concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gunnarsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Merima Hasani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, The Royal Institute of Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Nilsson V, Bernin D, Brandell D, Edström K, Johansson P. Interactions and Transport in Highly Concentrated LiTFSI‐based Electrolytes. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1166-1176. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Nilsson
- Department of PhysicsChalmers University of Technology 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström LaboratoryUppsala University Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala Sweden
- ALISTORE-European Research Institute CNRS FR 3104, Hub de l'Energie 15 Rue Baudelocque 80039 Amiens Cedex France
| | - Diana Bernin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChalmers University of Technology 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Daniel Brandell
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström LaboratoryUppsala University Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Kristina Edström
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström LaboratoryUppsala University Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala Sweden
- ALISTORE-European Research Institute CNRS FR 3104, Hub de l'Energie 15 Rue Baudelocque 80039 Amiens Cedex France
| | - Patrik Johansson
- Department of PhysicsChalmers University of Technology 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
- ALISTORE-European Research Institute CNRS FR 3104, Hub de l'Energie 15 Rue Baudelocque 80039 Amiens Cedex France
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14
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Navarro JRG, Rostami J, Ahlinder A, Mietner JB, Bernin D, Saake B, Edlund U. Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization Approach to In Situ Cross-Link Cellulose Nanofibrils with Inorganic Nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1952-1961. [PMID: 32223221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates a strategy to convert hydrophilic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) into a hydrophobic highly cross-linked network made of cellulose nanofibrils and inorganic nanoparticles. First, the cellulose nanofibrils were chemically modified through an esterification reaction to produce a nanocellulose-based macroinitiator. Barium titanate (BaTiO3, BTO) nanoparticles were surface-modified by introducing a specific monomer on their outer-shell surface. Finally, we studied the ability of the nanocellulose-based macroinitiator to initiate a single electron transfer living radical polymerization of stearyl acrylate (SA) in the presence of the surface-modified nanoparticles. The BTO nanoparticles will transfer new properties to the nanocellulose network and act as a cross-linking agent between the nanocellulose fibrils, while the monomer (SA) directly influences the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance. The pristine CNF and the nanoparticle cross-linked CNF are characterized by FTIR, SEM, and solid-state 13C NMR. Rheological and dynamic mechanical analyses revealed a high dregee of cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jowan Rostami
- Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Ahlinder
- Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Diana Bernin
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bodo Saake
- Institute of Wood Science, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrica Edlund
- Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Härdelin L, Bernin D, Börjesson M, Ström A, Larsson A. Altered Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Spruce Galactoglucomannan Films Modified with an Etherification Reaction. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1832-1840. [PMID: 32068390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Native hemicellulose lacks many of the properties that make fossil fuel-based polymers excellent for use in today's industrial products and processes. The mechanical and thermal properties of the hemicellulose can, however, be modified, and its processability increased. We functionalized galactoglucomannan to lower its glass transition temperature (Tg) and thereby increase its processability. The functionalization was achieved through an etherification reaction with butyl glycidyl ether used at three molar ratios. Films were produced, and their mechanical and thermal properties were evaluated. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that increased substitution increased the degradation temperature and decreased the water content in the sample, implying increased hydrophobicity upon modification. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that butyl glycidyl ether functionalization alters the thermal properties of the modified films both in the absolute values of Tg and in the strength of the films. The etherification reaction resulted in a more ductile material than the unmodified galactoglucomannan (GGM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Härdelin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikaela Börjesson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Ström
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anette Larsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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Abstract
Deactivation and acid regeneration of Cu/SAPO-34 used for NH3 SCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Woo
- Chemical Engineering
- Competence Centre for Catalysis
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 412 96 Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Chemical Engineering
- Competence Centre for Catalysis
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 412 96 Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Louise Olsson
- Chemical Engineering
- Competence Centre for Catalysis
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 412 96 Gothenburg
- Sweden
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17
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Abstract
Illustration of the proposed mechanism for deactivation and regeneration of Cu/SAPO-34(MO) with H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Woo
- Chemical Engineering, Competence Centre for Catalysis
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 412 96 Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Chemical Engineering, Competence Centre for Catalysis
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 412 96 Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Louise Olsson
- Chemical Engineering, Competence Centre for Catalysis
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 412 96 Gothenburg
- Sweden
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18
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Hedin N, Rzepka P, Jasso-Salcedo AB, Church TL, Bernin D. Intracrystalline Transport Barriers Affecting the Self-Diffusion of CH 4 in Zeolites |Na 12|-A and |Na 12-xK x|-A. Langmuir 2019; 35:12971-12978. [PMID: 31510744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide must be removed from biogas or natural gas to obtain compressed or liquefied methane, and adsorption-driven isolation of CO2 could be improved by developing new adsorbents. Zeolite adsorbents can select CO2 over CH4, and the adsorption of CH4 on zeolite |Na12-xKx|-A is significantly lower for samples with a high K+ content, i.e., x > 2. Nevertheless, we show, using 1H NMR experiments, that these zeolites adsorb CH4 after long equilibration times. Pulsed-field gradient NMR experiments indicated that in large crystals of zeolites |Na12-xKx|-A, the long-time diffusion coefficients of CH4 did not vary with x, and the upper limit of the mean-square displacement was about 1.5 μm, irrespective of the diffusion time. Also for zeolite |Na12|-A samples of three different particle sizes (∼0.44, ∼2.9, and ∼10.6 μm), the upper limit of the mean-square displacement of CH4 was 1.5 μm and largely independent of the diffusion time. This similarity provided further evidence for an intracrystalline diffusion restriction for CH4 within the medium- and large-sized zeolite A crystals and possibly of clustering and close contact among the small zeolite A crystals. The upper limit of the long-time diffusion coefficient of adsorbed CH4 was (at 1 atm and 298 K) about 10-10 m2/s irrespective of the size of the zeolite particle or the studied content of K+ in zeolites |Na12-xKx|-A and |Na12|-A. The T1 relaxation time for adsorbed CH4 on zeolites |Na12-xKx|-A with x > 2 was smaller than for those with x < 2, indicating that the short-time diffusion of CH4 was hindered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Hedin
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Przemyslaw Rzepka
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | - Tamara L Church
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Swedish NMR Centre , University of Gothenburg , SE-405 30 Göteborg , Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
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19
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Bernin D, Marucci M, Boissier C, Hjärtstam J, Olsson U, Abrahmsén-Alami S. Real time MRI to elucidate the functionality of coating films intended for modified release. J Control Release 2019; 311-312:117-124. [PMID: 31454531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polymer films based on mixtures of ethyl cellulose (EC) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) have been widely used to coat pellets and tablets to modify the release profile of drugs. For three different EC/HPC films we used 1H and 19F MRI in combination with a designed release cell to monitor the drug, polymer and water in 5 dimensional (5D) datasets; three spatial, one diffusion or relaxation and a temporal dimension, in real time. We observed that the water inflow through the films correlated with the initiation of the dissolution of the drug in the tablet beneath the film. Leaching of the pore forming HPC further accelerated water penetration and resulted in a drug release onset after a hydrostatic pressure was generated below the film indicated by positional changes of the film. For the more permeable film, both water ingress and drug egress showed a large variability of release over the film surface indicating the heterogeneity of the system. Furthermore, the 1H diffusion dataset revealed the formation of a gel layer of HPC at the film surface. We conclude that the setup presented provides a significant level of details, which are not achieved with traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bernin
- Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Mariagrazia Marucci
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Catherine Boissier
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-43183 Mölndal, Sweden; Biopharmaceuticals R & D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, SE-43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Johan Hjärtstam
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ulf Olsson
- Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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20
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Etman A, Pell AJ, Svedlindh P, Hedin N, Zou X, Sun J, Bernin D. Insights into the Exfoliation Process of V 2O 5· nH 2O Nanosheet Formation Using Real-Time 51V NMR. ACS Omega 2019; 4:10899-10905. [PMID: 31460187 PMCID: PMC6648752 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured hydrated vanadium oxides (V2O5·nH2O) are actively being researched for applications in energy storage, catalysis, and gas sensors. Recently, a one-step exfoliation technique for fabricating V2O5·nH2O nanosheets in aqueous media was reported; however, the underlying mechanism of exfoliation has been challenging to study. Herein, we followed the synthesis of V2O5·nH2O nanosheets from the V2O5 and VO2 precursors in real time using solution- and solid-state 51V NMR. Solution-state 51V NMR showed that the aqueous solution contained mostly the decavanadate anion [H2V10O28]4- and the hydrated dioxovanadate cation [VO2·4H2O]+, and during the exfoliation process, decavanadate was formed, while the amount of [VO2·4H2O]+ remained constant. The conversion of the solid precursor V2O5, which was monitored with solid-state 51V NMR, was initiated when VO2 was in its monoclinic forms. The dried V2O5·nH2O nanosheets were weakly paramagnetic because of a minor content of isolated V4+. Its solid-state 51V signal was less than 20% of V2O5 and arose from diamagnetic V4+ or V5+.This study demonstrates the use of real-time NMR techniques as a powerful analysis tool for the exfoliation of bulk materials into nanosheets. A deeper understanding of this process will pave the way to tailor these important materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed
S. Etman
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria
University, Ibrahimia, 21321 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Andrew J. Pell
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Svedlindh
- Department
of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niklas Hedin
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Junliang Sun
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Diana Bernin
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Malmberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Jörgen G. Norén
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry Institute of Odontology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
- Swedish NMR Centre University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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22
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Zhao D, Martinelli A, Willfahrt A, Fischer T, Bernin D, Khan ZU, Shahi M, Brill J, Jonsson MP, Fabiano S, Crispin X. Polymer gels with tunable ionic Seebeck coefficient for ultra-sensitive printed thermopiles. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1093. [PMID: 30842422 PMCID: PMC6403253 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring temperature and heat flux is important for regulating any physical, chemical, and biological processes. Traditional thermopiles can provide accurate and stable temperature reading but they are based on brittle inorganic materials with low Seebeck coefficient, and are difficult to manufacture over large areas. Recently, polymer electrolytes have been proposed for thermoelectric applications because of their giant ionic Seebeck coefficient, high flexibility and ease of manufacturing. However, the materials reported to date have positive Seebeck coefficients, hampering the design of ultra-sensitive ionic thermopiles. Here we report an "ambipolar" ionic polymer gel with giant negative ionic Seebeck coefficient. The latter can be tuned from negative to positive by adjusting the gel composition. We show that the ion-polymer matrix interaction is crucial to control the sign and magnitude of the ionic Seebeck coefficient. The ambipolar gel can be easily screen printed, enabling large-area device manufacturing at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Anna Martinelli
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Andreas Willfahrt
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden
- Innovative Applications of The Printing Technologies, Stuttgart Media University, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Innovative Applications of The Printing Technologies, Stuttgart Media University, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Diana Bernin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Zia Ullah Khan
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Maryam Shahi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40506-0055, USA
| | - Joseph Brill
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40506-0055, USA
| | - Magnus P Jonsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden.
| | - Xavier Crispin
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden.
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23
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Woo J, Bernin D, Ahari H, Shost M, Zammit M, Olsson L. Understanding the mechanism of low temperature deactivation of Cu/SAPO-34 exposed to various amounts of water vapor in the NH3-SCR reaction. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00240e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Water-exposure at 70 °C deteriorates Cu/SAPO-34, the extent of which depends on water exposure time, reaction temperature, and choice of SDAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Woo
- Chemical Engineering
- Competence Centre for Catalysis
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 412 96 Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Chemical Engineering
- Competence Centre for Catalysis
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 412 96 Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Homayoun Ahari
- Fiat Chrysler Automobile US (FCA USA LLC)
- Auburn Hills
- USA
| | - Mark Shost
- Fiat Chrysler Automobile US (FCA USA LLC)
- Auburn Hills
- USA
| | - Michael Zammit
- Fiat Chrysler Automobile US (FCA USA LLC)
- Auburn Hills
- USA
| | - Louise Olsson
- Chemical Engineering
- Competence Centre for Catalysis
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 412 96 Gothenburg
- Sweden
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24
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Yuan N, Church TL, Brandt EG, Hedin N, Zou X, Bernin D. Insights into Functionalization of Metal-Organic Frameworks Using In Situ NMR Spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17530. [PMID: 30510207 PMCID: PMC6277383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Postsynthetic reactions of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are versatile tools for producing functional materials, but the methods of evaluating these reactions are cumbersome and destructive. Here we demonstrate and validate the use of in situ NMR spectroscopy of species in the liquid state to examine solvent-assisted ligand exchange (SALE) and postsynthetic modification (PSM) reactions of metal-organic frameworks. This technique allows functionalization to be monitored over time without decomposing the product for analysis, which simplifies reaction screening. In the case of SALE, both the added ligand and the ligand leaving the framework can be observed. We demonstrate this in situ method by examining SALE and PSM reactions of the robust zirconium MOF UiO-67 as well as SALE with the aluminum MOF DUT-5. In situ NMR spectroscopy provided insights into the reactions studied, and we expect that future studies using this method will permit the examination of a variety of MOF–solute reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yuan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tamara L Church
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik G Brandt
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Hedin
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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25
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Nedumkandathil R, Jaworski A, Grins J, Bernin D, Karlsson M, Eklöf-Österberg C, Neagu A, Tai CW, Pell AJ, Häussermann U. Hydride Reduction of BaTiO 3 - Oxyhydride Versus O Vacancy Formation. ACS Omega 2018; 3:11426-11438. [PMID: 31459246 PMCID: PMC6645482 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the hydride reduction of tetragonal BaTiO3 using the metal hydrides CaH2, NaH, MgH2, NaBH4, and NaAlH4. The reactions employed molar BaTiO3/H ratios of up to 1.8 and temperatures near 600 °C. The air-stable reduced products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and 1H magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. PXRD showed the formation of cubic products-indicative of the formation of BaTiO3-x H x -except for NaH. Lattice parameters were in a range between 4.005 Å (for NaBH4-reduced samples) and 4.033 Å (for MgH2-reduced samples). With increasing H/BaTiO3 ratio, CaH2-, NaAlH4-, and MgH2-reduced samples were afforded as two-phase mixtures. TGA in air flow showed significant weight increases of up to 3.5% for reduced BaTiO3, suggesting that metal hydride reduction yielded oxyhydrides BaTiO3-x H x with x values larger than 0.5. 1H MAS NMR spectroscopy, however, revealed rather low concentrations of H and thus a simultaneous presence of O vacancies in reduced BaTiO3. It has to be concluded that hydride reduction of BaTiO3 yields complex disordered materials BaTiO3-x H y □(x-y) with x up to 0.6 and y in a range 0.04-0.25, rather than homogeneous solid solutions BaTiO3-x H x . Resonances of (hydridic) H substituting O in the cubic perovskite structure appear in the -2 to -60 ppm spectral region. The large range of negative chemical shifts and breadth of the signals signifies metallic conductivity and structural disorder in BaTiO3-x H y □(x-y). Sintering of BaTiO3-x H y □(x-y) in a gaseous H2 atmosphere resulted in more ordered materials, as indicated by considerably sharper 1H resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reji Nedumkandathil
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aleksander Jaworski
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jekabs Grins
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maths Karlsson
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carin Eklöf-Österberg
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Neagu
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cheuk-Wai Tai
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew J. Pell
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Häussermann
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Björnerbäck F, Bernin D, Hedin N. Microporous Humins Synthesized in Concentrated Sulfuric Acid Using 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural. ACS Omega 2018; 3:8537-8545. [PMID: 31458983 PMCID: PMC6644757 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A new class of highly porous organic sorbents called microporous humins is presented. These microporous humins are derived from sustainable and industrially abundant resources, have high heat of CO2 sorption, and could potentially be useful for the separation of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures. Their synthesis involves the polymerization of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) in concentrated sulfuric acid and treatment with diethyl ether and heat. In particular, the porosities were tuned by the heat treatment. HMF is a potential platform chemical from biorefineries and a common intermediate in carbohydrate chemistry. A high uptake of CO2 (up to 5.27 mmol/g at 0 °C and 1 bar) and high CO2-over-N2 and CO2-over-CH4 selectivities were observed. The microporous humins were aromatic and structurally amorphous, which was shown in a multipronged approach using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, elemental analysis, and wide-angle X-ray scattering.
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27
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Aneheim E, Bernin D, Foreman MRS. Affinity of charcoals for different forms of radioactive organic iodine. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Abstract
A colloidal dispersion of uniform organosilica nanoparticles could be produced via the disassembly of the non-surfactant-templated organosilica powder nanostructured folate material (NFM-1). This unusual reaction pathway was available because the folate and silica-containing moieties in NFM-1 are held together by noncovalent interactions. No precipitation was observed from the colloidal dispersion after a week, though particle growth occurred at a solvent-dependent rate that could be described by the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner equation. An organosilica film that was prepared from the colloidal dispersion adsorbed folate-binding protein from solution but adsorbed ions from a phosphate-buffered saline solution to a larger degree. To our knowledge, this is the first instance of a colloidal dispersion of organosilica nanoparticles being derived from a macroscopic material rather than from molecular precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L Church
- Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg , Box 465, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Alfonso E Garcia-Bennett
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Australian Research Council Centre for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University , Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Niklas Hedin
- Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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30
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Woo J, Leistner K, Bernin D, Ahari H, Shost M, Zammit M, Olsson L. Effect of various structure directing agents (SDAs) on low-temperature deactivation of Cu/SAPO-34 during NH3-SCR reaction. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy00147b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cu/SAPO-34(TEA) only exhibited minor deactivation and mostly recovered its original activities, while Cu/SAPO-34(MO) showed major deactivation and was not fully regenerated during low temperature NH3-SCR reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Woo
- Chemical Engineering
- Competence Centre for Catalysis
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 412 96 Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Kirsten Leistner
- Chemical Engineering
- Competence Centre for Catalysis
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 412 96 Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Chemical Engineering
- Competence Centre for Catalysis
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 412 96 Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Homayoun Ahari
- Fiat Chrysler Automobile US (FCA USA LLC)
- Auburn Hills
- USA
| | - Mark Shost
- Fiat Chrysler Automobile US (FCA USA LLC)
- Auburn Hills
- USA
| | - Michael Zammit
- Fiat Chrysler Automobile US (FCA USA LLC)
- Auburn Hills
- USA
| | - Louise Olsson
- Chemical Engineering
- Competence Centre for Catalysis
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 412 96 Gothenburg
- Sweden
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31
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Börjesson M, Sahlin K, Bernin D, Westman G. Increased thermal stability of nanocellulose composites by functionalization of the sulfate groups on cellulose nanocrystals with azetidinium ions. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Börjesson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg SE-41296 Sweden
| | - Karin Sahlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg SE-41296 Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC); Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg SE-41296 Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Swedish NMR Centre; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg SE-40530 Sweden
| | - Gunnar Westman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg SE-41296 Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC); Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg SE-41296 Sweden
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Almhöjd US, Lingström P, Nilsson Å, Norén JG, Siljeström S, Östlund Å, Bernin D. Molecular Insights into Covalently Stained Carious Dentine Using Solid-State NMR and ToF-SIMS. Caries Res 2017; 51:255-263. [PMID: 28501859 DOI: 10.1159/000460828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyes currently used to stain carious dentine have a limited capacity to discriminate normal dentine from carious dentine, which may result in overexcavation. Consequently, finding a selective dye is still a challenge. However, there is evidence that hydrazine-based dyes, via covalent bonds to functional groups, bind specifically to carious dentine. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible formation of covalent bonds between carious dentine and 15N2-hydrazine and the hydrazine-based dye, 15N2-labelled Lucifer Yellow, respectively. Powdered dentine from extracted carious and normal teeth was exposed to the dyes, and the staining reactions were analysed using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), solid-state 13C-labelled nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 15N-NMR spectroscopy. The results showed that 15N2-hydrazine and 15N2-labelled Lucifer Yellow both bind to carious dentine but not to normal dentine. It can thus be concluded that hydrazine-based dyes can be used to stain carious dentine and leave normal dentine unstained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrica S Almhöjd
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Bialik E, Stenqvist B, Fang Y, Östlund Å, Furó I, Lindman B, Lund M, Bernin D. Ionization of Cellobiose in Aqueous Alkali and the Mechanism of Cellulose Dissolution. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:5044-5048. [PMID: 27973886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose, one of the most abundant renewable resources, is insoluble in most common solvents but dissolves in aqueous alkali under a narrow range of conditions. To elucidate the solubilization mechanism, we performed electrophoretic NMR on cellobiose, a subunit of cellulose, showing that cellobiose acts as an acid with two dissociation steps at pH 12 and 13.5. Chemical shift differences between cellobiose in NaOH and NaCl were estimated using 2D NMR and compared to DFT shift differences upon deprotonation. The dissociation steps are the deprotonation of the hemiacetal OH group and the deprotonation of one of four OH groups on the nonreducing anhydroglucose unit. MD simulations reveal that aggregation is suppressed upon charging cellulose chains in solution. Our findings strongly suggest that cellulose is to a large extent charged in concentrated aqueous alkali, a seemingly crucial factor for solubilization. This insight, overlooked in the current literature, is important for understanding cellulose dissolution and for synthesis of new sustainable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Bialik
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University , 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Stenqvist
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University , 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yuan Fang
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 114 00 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Östlund
- Sustainable Built Environment, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden , 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - István Furó
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 114 00 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Lindman
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University , 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael Lund
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University , 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg , 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Urbańczyk M, Bernin D, Czuroń A, Kazimierczuk K. Monitoring polydispersity by NMR diffusometry with tailored norm regularisation and moving-frame processing. Analyst 2016; 141:1745-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02304a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new way of processing diffusion NMR data is proposed that exploits p-norm regularization of the inverse Laplace transform tailored to polydisperse macromolecular samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Urbańczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warszawa
- Poland
| | - Diana Bernin
- Swedish NMR Centre
- University of Gothenburg
- 40530 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Alan Czuroń
- Institute of Mathematics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 00-656 Warszawa
- Poland
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Steglich T, Bernin D, Moldin A, Topgaard D, Langton M. Bran Particle Size Influence on Pasta Microstructure, Water Distribution, and Sensory Properties. Cereal Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-03-15-0038-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Steglich
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Structure and Material Design, SP Food and Bioscience, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Maud Langton
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Bernin D, Steglich T, Röding M, Moldin A, Topgaard D, Langton M. Multi-scale characterization of pasta during cooking using microscopy and real-time magnetic resonance imaging. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wassén S, Bordes R, Gebäck T, Bernin D, Schuster E, Lorén N, Hermansson AM. Probe diffusion in phase-separated bicontinuous biopolymer gels. Soft Matter 2014; 10:8276-8287. [PMID: 25189146 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01513d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Probe diffusion was determined in phase separated bicontinuous gels prepared by acid-induced gelation of the whey protein isolate-gellan gum system. The topological characterization of the phase-separated gel systems is achieved by confocal microscopy and the diffusion measurements are performed using pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR and fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching (FRAP). These two techniques gave complementary information about the mass transport at different time- and length scales, PFG NMR provided global diffusion rates in the gel systems, while FRAP enabled the measurements of diffusion in different phases of the phase-separated gels. The results revealed that the phase-separated gel with the largest characteristic wavelength had the fastest diffusion coefficient, while the gel with smaller microstructures had a slower probe diffusion rate. By using the diffusion data obtained by FRAP and the structural data from confocal microscopy, modelling through the lattice-Boltzmann framework was carried out to simulate the global diffusion and verify the validity of the experimental measurements. With this approach it was found that discrepancies between the two experimental techniques can be rationalized in terms of probe distribution between the different phases of the system. The combination of different techniques allowed the determination of diffusion in a phase-separated biopolymer gel and gave a clearer picture of this complex system. We also illustrate the difficulties that can arise if precautions are not taken to understand the system-probe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Wassén
- Structure and Material Design, SIK - The Swedish Institute for Food and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 5401, 402 29 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Nayeri M, Aronson MT, Bernin D, Chmelka BF, Martinelli A. Surface effects on the structure and mobility of the ionic liquid C6C1ImTFSI in silica gels. Soft Matter 2014; 10:5618-5627. [PMID: 24965195 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00642a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on how the dynamical and structural properties of the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (C6C1ImTFSI) change upon different degrees of confinement in silica gels. The apparent diffusion coefficients of the individual ions are measured by (1)H and (19)F pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG-NMR) spectroscopy, while the intermolecular interactions in the ionogels are elucidated by Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the local structure of the ionic liquid at the silica interface is probed by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Importantly, we extend this study to a wider range of ionic liquid-to-silica molar ratios (x) than has been investigated previously, from very low (high degree of confinement) to very high (liquid-like gels) ionic liquid contents. Diffusion NMR measurements indicate that a solvation shell, with a significantly lower mobility than the bulk ionic liquid, forms at the silica interface. Additionally, the diffusion of the C6C1Im(+) and TFSI(-) ions decreases more rapidly below an observed molar ratio threshold (x < 1), with the intrinsic difference in the self-diffusion coefficient between the cation and anion becoming less pronounced. For ionic liquid molar ratio of x < 1, Raman spectroscopy reveals a different conformational equilibrium for the TFSI(-) anions compared to the bulk ionic liquid, with an increased population of the cisoid isomers with respect to the transoid. Concomitantly, at these high degrees of confinement the TFSI(-) anion experiences stronger ion-ion interactions as indicated by the evolution of the TFSI(-) characteristic vibrational mode at ∼740 cm(-1). Furthermore, solid-state 2D (29)Si{(1)H} HETCOR NMR measurements establish the interactions of the ionic liquid species with the silica surface, where the presence of adsorbed water results in weaker interactions between (29)Si surface moieties and the hydrophobic alkyl protons of the cationic C6C1Im(+) molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moheb Nayeri
- Applied Surface Chemistry, Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Steglich T, Bernin D, Röding M, Nydén M, Moldin A, Topgaard D, Langton M. Microstructure and water distribution of commercial pasta studied by microscopy and 3D magnetic resonance imaging. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Bernin D, Koch V, Nydén M, Topgaard D. Multi-scale characterization of lyotropic liquid crystals using 2H and diffusion MRI with spatial resolution in three dimensions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98752. [PMID: 24905818 PMCID: PMC4048170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of lyotropic liquid crystals to form intricate structures on a range of length scales can be utilized for the synthesis of structurally complex inorganic materials, as well as in devices for controlled drug delivery. Here we employ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for non-invasive characterization of nano-, micro-, and millimeter scale structures in liquid crystals. The structure is mirrored in the translational and rotational motion of the water, which we assess by measuring spatially resolved self-diffusion tensors and spectra. Our approach differs from previous works in that the MRI parameters are mapped with spatial resolution in all three dimensions, thus allowing for detailed studies of liquid crystals with complex millimeter-scale morphologies that are stable on the measurement time-scale of 10 hours. The data conveys information on the nanometer-scale structure of the liquid crystalline phase, while the combination of diffusion and data permits an estimate of the orientational distribution of micrometer-scale anisotropic domains. We study lamellar phases consisting of the nonionic surfactant C10E3 in O, and follow their structural equilibration after a temperature jump and the cessation of shear. Our experimental approach may be useful for detailed characterization of liquid crystalline materials with structures on multiple length scales, as well as for studying the mechanisms of phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bernin
- Applied Surface Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vanessa Koch
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Nydén
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel Topgaard
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Urbańczyk M, Bernin D, Koźmiński W, Kazimierczuk K. Iterative Thresholding Algorithm for Multiexponential Decay Applied to PGSE NMR Data. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1828-33. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3032004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Urbańczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093
Warsaw, Poland
| | - Diana Bernin
- Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg, Box 465, 40530
Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Wiktor Koźmiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093
Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kazimierczuk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury
93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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Röding M, Bernin D, Jonasson J, Särkkä A, Topgaard D, Rudemo M, Nydén M. The gamma distribution model for pulsed-field gradient NMR studies of molecular-weight distributions of polymers. J Magn Reson 2012; 222:105-111. [PMID: 22864268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Self-diffusion in polymer solutions studied with pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG NMR) is typically based either on a single self-diffusion coefficient, or a log-normal distribution of self-diffusion coefficients, or in some cases mixtures of these. Experimental data on polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions and simulations were used to compare a model based on a gamma distribution of self-diffusion coefficients to more established models such as the single exponential, the stretched exponential, and the log-normal distribution model with regard to performance and consistency. Even though the gamma distribution is very similar to the log-normal distribution, its NMR signal attenuation can be written in a closed form and therefore opens up for increased computational speed. Estimates of the mean self-diffusion coefficient, the spread, and the polydispersity index that were obtained using the gamma model were in excellent agreement with estimates obtained using the log-normal model. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the gamma distribution is by far superior to the log-normal, and comparable to the two other models, in terms of computational speed. This effect is particularly striking for multi-component signal attenuation. Additionally, the gamma distribution as well as the log-normal distribution incorporates explicitly a physically plausible model for polydispersity and spread, in contrast to the single exponential and the stretched exponential. Therefore, the gamma distribution model should be preferred in many experimental situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Röding
- Department of Mathematical Statistics, Chalmers University of Technology and Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Maneval JE, Bernin D, Fabich HT, Seymour JD, Codd SL. Magnetic resonance analysis of capillary formation reaction front dynamics in alginate gels. Magn Reson Chem 2011; 49:627-640. [PMID: 21898584 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The formation of heterogeneous structures in biopolymer gels is of current interest for biomedical applications and is of fundamental interest to understanding the molecular level origins of structures generated from disordered solutions by reactions. The cation-mediated physical gelation of alginate by calcium and copper is analyzed using magnetic resonance measurements of spatially resolved molecular dynamics during gel front propagation. Relaxation time and pulse-field gradient methods are applied to determine the impact of ion front motion on molecular translational dynamics. The formation of capillaries in alginate copper gels is correlated to changes in translational dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Maneval
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
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Fridjonsson EO, Bernin D, Seymour JD, Nydén M, Codd SL. Erratum to: Hydrodynamic dispersion in β-lactoglobulin gels measured by PGSE NMR. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2011; 34:29. [PMID: 21437792 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2011-11029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The displacement scale dependent molecular dynamics of solvent water molecules flowing through β-lactoglobulin gels are measured by pulse gradient spin echo (PGSE) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Gels formed under different p H conditions generate structures which are characterized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and PGSE NMR measured dynamics as homogeneous and heterogeneous. The data presented clearly demonstrate the applicability of the theoretical framework for modeling hydrodynamic dispersion to the analysis of protein gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Fridjonsson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, USA
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Fridjonsson EO, Bernin D, Seymour JD, Nydén M, Codd SL. Hydrodynamic dispersion in β-lactoglobulin gels measured by PGSE NMR. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2011; 34:18. [PMID: 21359931 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2011-11018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The displacement scale dependent molecular dynamics of solvent water molecules flowing through [Formula: see text] -lactoglobulin gels are measured by pulse gradient spin echo (PGSE) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Gels formed under different p H conditions generate structures which are characterized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and PGSE NMR measured dynamics as homogeneous and heterogeneous. The data presented clearly demonstrate the applicability of the theoretical framework for modeling hydrodynamic dispersion to the analysis of protein gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Fridjonsson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Montana, USA
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Abstract
In Jonasson et al. (2008), we presented a new pixel-based maximum likelihood framework for the estimation of diffusion coefficients from data on fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The main method there, called the Gaussian profile method below, is based on the assumption that the initial intensity profile after photobleaching is approximately Gaussian. In the present paper, we introduce a method, called the Monotone profile method, where the maximum likelihood framework is extended to a general initial bleaching profile only assuming that the profile is a non-decreasing function of the distance to the bleaching centre. The statistical distribution of the image noise is further assumed to be Poisson instead of normal, which should be a more realistic description of the noise in the detector. The new Monotone profile method and the Gaussian profile method are applied to FRAP data on swelling of super absorbent polymers (SAP) in water with a Fluorescein probe. The initial bleaching profile is close to a step function at low degrees of swelling and close to a Gaussian profile at high degrees of swelling. The results obtained from the analysis of the FRAP data are corroborated with NMR diffusometry analysis of SAP with a polyethylene glycol probe having size similar to the Fluorescein. The comparison of the Gaussian and Monotone profile methods is also performed by use of simulated data. It is found that the new Monotone profile method is accurate for all types of initial profiles studied, but it suffers from being computationally slow. The fast Gaussian profile method is sufficiently accurate for most of the profiles studied, but underestimates the diffusion coefficient for profiles close to a step function. We also provide a diagnostic plot, which indicates whether the Gaussian profile method is acceptable or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Jonasson
- Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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