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Reyes-Herrera PH, Torres-Bedoya E, Lopez-Alvarez D, Burbano-David D, Carmona SL, Bebber DP, Studholme DJ, Betancourt M, Soto-Suarez M. Genome Sequence Data Reveal at Least Two Distinct Incursions of the Tropical Race 4 Variant of Fusarium Wilt into South America. Phytopathology 2023; 113:90-97. [PMID: 36095335 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-22-0034-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The global banana industry is threatened by one of the most devastating diseases: Fusarium wilt of banana. Fusarium wilt of banana is caused by the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), which almost annihilated the banana production in the late 1950s. A new strain of Foc, known as tropical race 4 (TR4), attacks a wide range of banana varieties, including Cavendish clones, which are the source of 99% of banana exports. In 2019, Foc TR4 was reported in Colombia, and more recently (2021) in Peru. In this study, we sequenced three fungal isolates identified as Foc TR4 from La Guajira (Colombia) and compared them against 19 whole-genome sequences of Foc TR4 publicly available, including four genome sequences recently released from Peru. To understand the genetic relatedness of the Colombian Foc TR4 isolates and those from Peru, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis based on a genome-wide set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Additionally, we compared the genomes of the 22 available Foc TR4 isolates, looking for the presence-absence of gene polymorphisms and genomic regions. Our results reveal that (i) the Colombian and Peruvian isolates are genetically distant, which could be better explained by independent incursions of the pathogen to the continent, and (ii) there is a high correspondence between the genetic relatedness and geographic origin of Foc TR4. The profile of present/absent genes and the distribution of missing genomic regions showed a high correspondence to the clades recovered in the phylogenetic analysis, supporting the results obtained by SNP-based phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula H Reyes-Herrera
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-Agrosavia, C.I Tibaitatá, Km 14 vía, Mosquera-Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Eliana Torres-Bedoya
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-Agrosavia, C.I Tibaitatá, Km 14 vía, Mosquera-Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Lopez-Alvarez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Palmira, Colombia
| | - Diana Burbano-David
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-Agrosavia, C.I Tibaitatá, Km 14 vía, Mosquera-Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Sandra L Carmona
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-Agrosavia, C.I Tibaitatá, Km 14 vía, Mosquera-Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Daniel P Bebber
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - David J Studholme
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Betancourt
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-Agrosavia, C.I Tibaitatá, Km 14 vía, Mosquera-Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Soto-Suarez
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-Agrosavia, C.I Tibaitatá, Km 14 vía, Mosquera-Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
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Gómez-Caro S, Mendoza-Vargas LA, Ramírez-Gil JG, Burbano-David D, Soto-Suárez M, Melgarejo LM. Close-Range Thermography and Reflectance Spectroscopy Support In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Colletotrichum spp. Isolates from Mango Fruits. Plant Dis 2022; 106:2355-2369. [PMID: 35350902 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-21-1774-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum causing anthracnose in mango is known for its variable virulence that may have an effect on disease development and efficacy of management strategies. In this study, we characterized Colletotrichum spp. isolated from mango fruits under in vitro and in vivo conditions using close-range thermography and reflectance spectroscopy. Twenty-six isolates were phylogenetically characterized to ascertain species using the internal transcribed spacer sequence. Virulence, spectral (in vivo and in vitro), and thermographic responses (in vivo) of these isolates were analyzed. Isolates were grouped into the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex and classified into eight morphotypes. Mycelial growth, conidia production, sporulation abundance, and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) varied largely among isolates. Disease symptoms were observed 4 days after inoculation (dai), and, for most morphotypes, changes in tissue temperature were registered at 11 dai, with the greatest decrease at 14 dai with pathogen sporulation. In vitro and in vivo morphotypes shared changes in the spectrum range, and main variations were found in the number of informative spectral bands. In vivo average gross reflectance was higher in disease-inoculated tissue than in healthy uninoculated tissue. Morphotype responses varied depending on AUDPC values and postinoculation time. Discriminant analysis of the spectral response using principal component analysis and partial least squares regression explained 94 to 96.3 and 98 to 99.9% of the variance from in vitro and in vivo tests, respectively. Spectral markers were obtained for four distinct morphotype groups. We found three (550 to 650, 650.1 to 790, and 1,300 to 1,400 nm) and two (520 to 830 and 1,100 to 1,450 nm) regions with highly (P < 0.05) discriminant spectral bands for diseased fruits and morphotype characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gómez-Caro
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Alberto Mendoza-Vargas
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Joaquín Guillermo Ramírez-Gil
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana Burbano-David
- Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-AGROSAVIA, 250047 Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Soto-Suárez
- Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-AGROSAVIA, 250047 Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Luz Marina Melgarejo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
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Simbaqueba J, Rodríguez EA, Burbano-David D, González C, Caro-Quintero A. Putative Novel Effector Genes Revealed by the Genomic Analysis of the Phytopathogenic Fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali ( Foph) That Infects Cape Gooseberry Plants. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:593915. [PMID: 33537009 PMCID: PMC7847934 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.593915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular wilt disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali (Foph) is one of the most limiting factors for the production and export of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) in Colombia. A transcriptomic analysis of a highly virulent strain of F. oxysporum in cape gooseberry plants, revealed the presence of secreted in the xylem (SIX) effector genes, known to be involved in the pathogenicity of other formae speciales (ff. spp.) of F. oxysporum. This pathogenic strain was classified as a new f. sp. named Foph, due to its specificity for cape gooseberry hosts. Here, we sequenced and assembled the genome of five strains of F. oxysporum from a fungal collection associated to the cape gooseberry crop (including Foph), focusing on the validation of the presence of SIX homologous and on the identification of putative effectors unique to Foph. By comparative and phylogenomic analyses based on single-copy orthologous, we found that Foph is closely related to F. oxysporum ff. spp., associated with solanaceous hosts. We confirmed the presence of highly identical homologous genomic regions between Foph and Fol that contain effector genes and identified six new putative effector genes, specific to Foph pathogenic strains. We also conducted a molecular characterization using this set of putative novel effectors in a panel of 36 additional stains of F. oxysporum including two of the four sequenced strains, from the fungal collection mentioned above. These results suggest the polyphyletic origin of Foph and the putative independent acquisition of new candidate effectors in different clades of related strains. The novel effector candidates identified in this genomic analysis, represent new sources involved in the interaction between Foph and cape gooseberry, that could be implemented to develop appropriate management strategies of the wilt disease caused by Foph in the cape gooseberry crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Simbaqueba
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Edwin A Rodríguez
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Diana Burbano-David
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Carolina González
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Mosquera, Colombia
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Carmona SL, Burbano-David D, Gómez MR, Lopez W, Ceballos N, Castaño-Zapata J, Simbaqueba J, Soto-Suárez M. Characterization of Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Isolates Associated with Commercial Tomato Crops in the Andean Region of Colombia. Pathogens 2020; 9:E70. [PMID: 31968574 PMCID: PMC7168637 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In Colombia, tomato production under protected conditions represents an important economic contribution to the agricultural sector. Fusarium wilt diseases, caused by pathogenic formae speciales of the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl., cause significant yield losses in tomatoes throughout the world. Investigation of the F. oxysporum-tomato pathosystem in Colombia is required to develop appropriate alternative disease management. In this study, 120 fungal isolates were obtained from four different departments in the Central Andean Region in Colombia from tomato crops with symptoms of wilt disease. A molecular characterization of the fungal isolates was performed using the SIX1, SIX3, and SIX4 effector genes of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen (Fol). Additionally, we developed a new specific marker to distinguish between Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici Jarvis & Shoemaker (Forl) and Fol isolates. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis using the Translation Elongation Factor 1-alpha (EF1a) gene was performed with the collected isolates. Two isolates (named Fol59 and Fol-UDC10) were identified as Fol race 2, four isolates were identified as Forl, six isolates were identified as F. solani, and most of the isolates were grouped within the F. oxysporum species complex. The phylogenetic tree of EF1a showed that most of the isolates could potentially correspond to nonpathogenic strains of F. oxysporum. Additional pathogenicity assays carried out with Fol59 and Fol-UDC10 confirmed that both isolates were highly virulent strains. This study represents a contribution to the understanding of the local interaction between tomatoes and F. oxysporum in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L. Carmona
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria. AGROSAVIA, Km 14 vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera 250047, Colombia; (S.L.C.); (D.B.-D.); (M.R.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Diana Burbano-David
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria. AGROSAVIA, Km 14 vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera 250047, Colombia; (S.L.C.); (D.B.-D.); (M.R.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Magda R. Gómez
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria. AGROSAVIA, Km 14 vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera 250047, Colombia; (S.L.C.); (D.B.-D.); (M.R.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Walter Lopez
- Departamento de Física y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Manizales 170004, Colombia;
| | - Nelson Ceballos
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales 170004, Colombia; (N.C.); (J.C.-Z.)
| | - Jairo Castaño-Zapata
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales 170004, Colombia; (N.C.); (J.C.-Z.)
| | - Jaime Simbaqueba
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria. AGROSAVIA, Km 14 vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera 250047, Colombia; (S.L.C.); (D.B.-D.); (M.R.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Mauricio Soto-Suárez
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria. AGROSAVIA, Km 14 vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera 250047, Colombia; (S.L.C.); (D.B.-D.); (M.R.G.); (J.S.)
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