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Riffault B, Cloarec R, Rabiei H, Begnis M, Ferrari DC, Ben-Ari Y. A quantitative cholinergic and catecholaminergic 3D Atlas of the developing mouse brain. Neuroimage 2022; 260:119494. [PMID: 35870696 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex organization of brain regions during development requires a three-dimensional approach to facilitate the visualization and quantification of dynamic changes taking place throughout this important period. Using the tissue clearing method combined with immunohistochemistry, three-dimensional (3D) lightsheet microscopy and a multiresolution registration technique, we provide the first 3D atlases of the main cholinergic (CH) and catecholaminergic (CA) systems in the mouse brain from embryonic day 12 (E12) to post-natal day 8 (P8). We report that in several brain structures, there is a logarithmic scale increase of choline acetyltransferase and tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons from E18 to P8. In addition, a detailed voxel-wise analysis revealed abrupt modifications in the developmental trajectory of many brain structures during the transition from E18 to P0. Our atlases will not only facilitate developmental studies aimed at quantitatively determining the fate of CH or CA neurons in utero but also be used as an anatomical reference to quantify other neuronal populations present in the annotated regions. In the future, these maps will be a reliable tool to study developmental malformations associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Riffault
- Neurochlore, Campus scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - R Cloarec
- Neurochlore, Campus scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - H Rabiei
- B & A Biomedical, Campus scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - M Begnis
- Neurochlore, Campus scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - D C Ferrari
- Neurochlore, Campus scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Yehezkel Ben-Ari
- Neurochlore, Campus scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France; B & A Biomedical, Campus scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
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Dufour A, Dumon C, Gouty-Colomer LA, Eftekhari S, Ferrari DC, Ben-Ari Y. Prenatal reduction of E14.5 embryonically fate-mapped pyramidal neurons in a mouse model of autism. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:3875-3888. [PMID: 35636970 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although several observations suggest that the constitutive biological, genetic or physiological changes leading to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) start in utero, their early impact on the number and density of neurons in the brain remains unknown. Using genetic fate mapping associated with the iDISCO clearing method we identified and counted a selective population of neocortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons in the in utero valproate (VPA) mouse model of autism. We report that one day before birth the number of pyramidal neurons born at E14.5 in the neocortex and hippocampus of VPA-mice is smaller than in age-matched controls. VPA also induced a reduction of the neocortical -but not hippocampal- volume one day before birth. Interestingly, VPA-mice present an increase in both neocortical and hippocampal volumes 2 days after birth compared to controls. These results suggest that the VPA-exposed hippocampus and neocortex differ substantially from controls during the highly complex perinatal period, and specially one day before birth, reflecting the early pathogenesis of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Dufour
- Fundamental Research Department, Neurochlore, Marseille, France
| | - Camille Dumon
- Fundamental Research Department, Neurochlore, Marseille, France
| | | | - Sanaz Eftekhari
- Fundamental Research Department, Neurochlore, Marseille, France
| | - Diana C Ferrari
- Fundamental Research Department, Neurochlore, Marseille, France
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3
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Fernandez A, Dumon C, Guimond D, Tyzio R, Bonifazi P, Lozovaya N, Burnashev N, Ferrari DC, Ben-Ari Y. The GABA Developmental Shift Is Abolished by Maternal Immune Activation Already at Birth. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:3982-3992. [PMID: 30395185 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that maternal immune activation (MIA) leads to developmental brain disorders, but whether the pathogenic mechanism impacts neurons already at birth is not known. We now report that MIA abolishes in mice the oxytocin-mediated delivery γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing in CA3 pyramidal neurons, and this is restored by the NKCC1 chloride importer antagonist bumetanide. Furthermore, MIA hippocampal pyramidal neurons at birth have a more exuberant apical arbor organization and increased apical dendritic length than age-matched controls. The frequency of spontaneous glutamatergic postsynaptic currents is also increased in MIA offspring, as well as the pairwise correlation of the synchronized firing of active cells in CA3. These alterations produced by MIA persist, since at P14-15 GABA action remains depolarizing, produces excitatory action, and network activity remains elevated with a higher frequency of spontaneous glutamatergic postsynaptic currents. Therefore, the pathogenic actions of MIA lead to important morphophysiological and network alterations in the hippocampus already at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Fernandez
- Neurochlore, Ben-Ari Institute of Neuroarcheology (IBEN), Bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, MARSEILLE Cedex 09, France.,Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), INSERM UMR1249, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University UMR 1249, Marseille, France
| | - Camille Dumon
- Neurochlore, Ben-Ari Institute of Neuroarcheology (IBEN), Bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, MARSEILLE Cedex 09, France.,Aix-Marseille University UMR 1249, Marseille, France
| | - Damien Guimond
- Neurochlore, Ben-Ari Institute of Neuroarcheology (IBEN), Bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, MARSEILLE Cedex 09, France
| | - Roman Tyzio
- Neurochlore, Ben-Ari Institute of Neuroarcheology (IBEN), Bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, MARSEILLE Cedex 09, France.,Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), INSERM UMR1249, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University UMR 1249, Marseille, France
| | - Paolo Bonifazi
- Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,IKERBASQUE: The Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Natalia Lozovaya
- Neurochlore, Ben-Ari Institute of Neuroarcheology (IBEN), Bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, MARSEILLE Cedex 09, France
| | - Nail Burnashev
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), INSERM UMR1249, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University UMR 1249, Marseille, France
| | - Diana C Ferrari
- Neurochlore, Ben-Ari Institute of Neuroarcheology (IBEN), Bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, MARSEILLE Cedex 09, France
| | - Yehezkel Ben-Ari
- Neurochlore, Ben-Ari Institute of Neuroarcheology (IBEN), Bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, MARSEILLE Cedex 09, France.,Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), INSERM UMR1249, Marseille, France
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4
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Lozovaya N, Nardou R, Tyzio R, Chiesa M, Pons-Bennaceur A, Eftekhari S, Bui TT, Billon-Grand M, Rasero J, Bonifazi P, Guimond D, Gaiarsa JL, Ferrari DC, Ben-Ari Y. Early alterations in a mouse model of Rett syndrome: the GABA developmental shift is abolished at birth. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9276. [PMID: 31239460 PMCID: PMC6592949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations of the Methyl-CpG-binding protein-2 (MECP2) gene underlie Rett syndrome (RTT). Developmental processes are often considered to be irrelevant in RTT pathogenesis but neuronal activity at birth has not been recorded. We report that the GABA developmental shift at birth is abolished in CA3 pyramidal neurons of Mecp2-/y mice and the glutamatergic/GABAergic postsynaptic currents (PSCs) ratio is increased. Two weeks later, GABA exerts strong excitatory actions, the glutamatergic/GABAergic PSCs ratio is enhanced, hyper-synchronized activity is present and metabotropic long-term depression (LTD) is impacted. One day before delivery, maternal administration of the NKCC1 chloride importer antagonist bumetanide restored these parameters but not respiratory or weight deficits, nor the onset of mortality. Results suggest that birth is a critical period in RTT with important alterations that can be attenuated by bumetanide raising the possibility of early treatment of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lozovaya
- Neurochlore, Ben-Ari Institute of Neuroarcheology (IBEN), Bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc scientifique et technologique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, cedex 09, France
| | - R Nardou
- Neurochlore, Ben-Ari Institute of Neuroarcheology (IBEN), Bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc scientifique et technologique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, cedex 09, France
| | - R Tyzio
- Neurochlore, Ben-Ari Institute of Neuroarcheology (IBEN), Bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc scientifique et technologique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, cedex 09, France.,Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Department of Neurobiology, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, 13273, Marseille, France
| | - M Chiesa
- Neurochlore, Ben-Ari Institute of Neuroarcheology (IBEN), Bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc scientifique et technologique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, cedex 09, France.,Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Department of Neurobiology, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, 13273, Marseille, France
| | - A Pons-Bennaceur
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Department of Neurobiology, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, 13273, Marseille, France
| | - S Eftekhari
- Neurochlore, Ben-Ari Institute of Neuroarcheology (IBEN), Bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc scientifique et technologique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, cedex 09, France.,Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Department of Neurobiology, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, 13273, Marseille, France
| | - T-T Bui
- Neurochlore, Ben-Ari Institute of Neuroarcheology (IBEN), Bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc scientifique et technologique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, cedex 09, France.,Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Department of Neurobiology, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, 13273, Marseille, France
| | - M Billon-Grand
- Neurochlore, Ben-Ari Institute of Neuroarcheology (IBEN), Bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc scientifique et technologique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, cedex 09, France
| | - J Rasero
- Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - P Bonifazi
- Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain.,IKERBASQUE: The Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - D Guimond
- Neurochlore, Ben-Ari Institute of Neuroarcheology (IBEN), Bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc scientifique et technologique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, cedex 09, France
| | - J-L Gaiarsa
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Department of Neurobiology, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, 13273, Marseille, France
| | - D C Ferrari
- Neurochlore, Ben-Ari Institute of Neuroarcheology (IBEN), Bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc scientifique et technologique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, cedex 09, France
| | - Y Ben-Ari
- Neurochlore, Ben-Ari Institute of Neuroarcheology (IBEN), Bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc scientifique et technologique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, cedex 09, France.
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Chiesa M, Guimond D, Tyzio R, Pons-Bennaceur A, Lozovaya N, Burnashev N, Ferrari DC, Ben-Ari Y. Term or Preterm Cesarean Section Delivery Does Not Lead to Long-term Detrimental Consequences in Mice. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:2424-2436. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Chiesa
- Neurochlore, Fundamental Research Department, bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc scientifique et technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex, France
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Department of Neurobiology, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, Marseille, France
| | - Damien Guimond
- Neurochlore, Fundamental Research Department, bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc scientifique et technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex, France
| | - Roman Tyzio
- Neurochlore, Fundamental Research Department, bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc scientifique et technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex, France
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Department of Neurobiology, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Pons-Bennaceur
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Department of Neurobiology, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, Marseille, France
| | - Natalia Lozovaya
- Neurochlore, Fundamental Research Department, bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc scientifique et technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex, France
| | - Nail Burnashev
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Department of Neurobiology, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, Marseille, France
| | - Diana C Ferrari
- Neurochlore, Fundamental Research Department, bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc scientifique et technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex, France
| | - Yehezkel Ben-Ari
- Neurochlore, Fundamental Research Department, bâtiment Beret-Delaage, Parc scientifique et technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex, France
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Department of Neurobiology, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, Marseille, France
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6
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Pearlstein E, Michel FJ, Save L, Ferrari DC, Hammond C. Abnormal Development of Glutamatergic Synapses Afferent to Dopaminergic Neurons of the Pink1(-/-) Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:168. [PMID: 27445695 PMCID: PMC4917553 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a preceding study, we showed that in adult pink1−/− mice, a monogenic animal model of Parkinson’s disease (PD), striatal neurons display aberrant electrical activities that precede the onset of overt clinical manifestations. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the maturation of dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the pink1−/− substantia nigra compacta (SNc) follows, from early stages on, a different developmental trajectory from age-matched wild type (wt) SNc DA neurons. We used immature (postnatal days P2–P10) and young adult (P30–P90) midbrain slices of pink1−/− mice expressing the green fluorescent protein in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons. We report that the developmental sequence of N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) is altered in pink1−/− SNc DA neurons, starting from shortly after birth. They lack the transient episode of high NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal activity characteristic of the immature stage of wt SNc DA neurons. The maturation of the membrane resistance of pink1−/− SNc DA neurons is also altered. Collectively, these observations suggest that electrical manifestations occurring shortly after birth in SNc DA neurons might lead to dysfunction in dopamine release and constitute an early pathogenic mechanism of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Pearlstein
- UMR901, Aix-Marseille UniversitéMarseille, France; Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED), Inserm UMR 901Marseille, France
| | - François J Michel
- UMR901, Aix-Marseille UniversitéMarseille, France; Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED), Inserm UMR 901Marseille, France
| | - Laurène Save
- UMR901, Aix-Marseille UniversitéMarseille, France; Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED), Inserm UMR 901Marseille, France
| | - Diana C Ferrari
- UMR901, Aix-Marseille UniversitéMarseille, France; Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED), Inserm UMR 901Marseille, France
| | - Constance Hammond
- UMR901, Aix-Marseille UniversitéMarseille, France; Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED), Inserm UMR 901Marseille, France
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7
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Eftekhari S, Shahrokhi A, Tsintsadze V, Nardou R, Brouchoud C, Conesa M, Burnashev N, Ferrari DC, Ben-Ari Y. Response to Comment on "Oxytocin-mediated GABA inhibition during delivery attenuates autism pathogenesis in rodent offspring". Science 2014; 346:176. [PMID: 25301611 DOI: 10.1126/science.1256009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bambini-Junior et al. questioned whether our treatment in two rodent models of autism has a long-lasting effect into adulthood. In response, we show that bumetanide treatment around delivery attenuates autistic behavioral features in adult offspring. Therefore, the polarity of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) actions during delivery exerts long-lasting priming actions after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Eftekhari
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), U901, INSERM, Marseille, France. UMR 901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France. Neurochlore, Campus Scientifique de Luminy, 163 Route de Luminy, Marseille, France. On leave from Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amene Shahrokhi
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), U901, INSERM, Marseille, France. UMR 901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France. Neurochlore, Campus Scientifique de Luminy, 163 Route de Luminy, Marseille, France. On leave from Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vera Tsintsadze
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), U901, INSERM, Marseille, France. UMR 901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Nardou
- Neurochlore, Campus Scientifique de Luminy, 163 Route de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Corinne Brouchoud
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), U901, INSERM, Marseille, France. UMR 901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Magali Conesa
- Neurochlore, Campus Scientifique de Luminy, 163 Route de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Nail Burnashev
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), U901, INSERM, Marseille, France. UMR 901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Diana C Ferrari
- Neurochlore, Campus Scientifique de Luminy, 163 Route de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Yehezkel Ben-Ari
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), U901, INSERM, Marseille, France. UMR 901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France. Neurochlore, Campus Scientifique de Luminy, 163 Route de Luminy, Marseille, France.
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Tyzio R, Nardou R, Ferrari DC, Tsintsadze T, Shahrokhi A, Eftekhari S, Khalilov I, Tsintsadze V, Brouchoud C, Chazal G, Lemonnier E, Lozovaya N, Burnashev N, Ben-Ari Y. Oxytocin-mediated GABA inhibition during delivery attenuates autism pathogenesis in rodent offspring. Science 2014; 343:675-9. [PMID: 24503856 DOI: 10.1126/science.1247190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report that the oxytocin-mediated neuroprotective γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) excitatory-inhibitory shift during delivery is abolished in the valproate and fragile X rodent models of autism. During delivery and subsequently, hippocampal neurons in these models have elevated intracellular chloride levels, increased excitatory GABA, enhanced glutamatergic activity, and elevated gamma oscillations. Maternal pretreatment with bumetanide restored in offspring control electrophysiological and behavioral phenotypes. Conversely, blocking oxytocin signaling in naïve mothers produced offspring having electrophysiological and behavioral autistic-like features. Our results suggest a chronic deficient chloride regulation in these rodent models of autism and stress the importance of oxytocin-mediated GABAergic inhibition during the delivery process. Our data validate the amelioration observed with bumetanide and oxytocin and point to common pathways in a drug-induced and a genetic rodent model of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Tyzio
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), U901, INSERM, Marseille, France
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9
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Abstract
The developing immature brain is not simply a small adult brain but rather possesses unique physiological properties. These include neuronal ionic currents that differ markedly from those in the adult brain, typically being longer-lasting and less selective. This enables immature heterogeneous neurons to connect and fire together but at the same time, along with other features may contribute to the enhanced propensity of the developing brain to become epileptic. Indeed, immature neurons tend to readily synchronize and thus generate seizures. Here, we review the differences between the immature and adult brain, with particular focus on the developmental sequence of γ-aminobutyric acid that excites immature neurons while being inhibitory in the normal adult brain. We review the mechanisms underlying the developmental changes to intracellular chloride levels, as well as how epileptiform activity can drive pathologic changes to chloride balance in the brain. We show that regulation of intracellular chloride is one important factor that underlies both the ease with which seizures can be generated and the facilitation of further seizures. We stress in particular the importance of understanding normal developmental sequences and how they are interrupted by seizures and other insults, and how this knowledge has led to the identification of potential novel treatments for conditions such as neonatal seizures.
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10
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Ferrari DC, Mdzomba BJ, Dehorter N, Lopez C, Michel FJ, Libersat F, Hammond C. Midbrain dopaminergic neurons generate calcium and sodium currents and release dopamine in the striatum of pups. Front Cell Neurosci 2012; 6:7. [PMID: 22408606 PMCID: PMC3297358 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2012.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDA neurons) are essential for the control of diverse motor and cognitive behaviors. However, our understanding of the activity of immature mDA neurons is rudimentary. Rodent mDA neurons migrate and differentiate early in embryonic life and dopaminergic axons enter the striatum and contact striatal neurons a few days before birth, but when these are functional is not known. Here, we recorded Ca2+ transients and Na+ spikes from embryonic (E16–E18) and early postnatal (P0–P7) mDA neurons with dynamic two-photon imaging and patch clamp techniques in slices from tyrosine hydroxylase-GFP mice, and measured evoked dopamine release in the striatum with amperometry. We show that half of identified E16–P0 mDA neurons spontaneously generate non-synaptic, intrinsically driven Ca2+ spikes and Ca2+ plateaus mediated by N- and L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Starting from E18–P0, half of the mDA neurons also reliably generate overshooting Na+ spikes with an abrupt maturation at birth (P0 = E19). At that stage (E18–P0), dopaminergic terminals release dopamine in a calcium-dependent manner in the striatum in response to local stimulation. This suggests that mouse striatal dopaminergic synapses are functional at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Ferrari
- Institut National de la Recherche Médicale et de la Santé Inserm, INMED UMR 901 Marseille, France
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11
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Bourne KZ, Ferrari DC, Lange-Dohna C, Rossner S, Wood TG, Perez-Polo JR. Differential regulation of BACE1 promoter activity by nuclear factor-κB in neurons and glia upon exposure to β-amyloid peptides. J Neurosci Res 2007; 85:1194-204. [PMID: 17385716 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients display cerebrovascular and parenchymal deposits of beta-amyloid (A beta) peptides, which are derived by proteolytic processing by the beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). The rat BACE1 promoter has a nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) binding site. Deletion studies with a BACE1 promoter/luciferase reporter suggest that the NF-kappaB binding DNA consensus sequence plays a suppressor role, when occupied by NF-kappaB, in the regulation of neuronal brain BACE1 expression. Here we characterize a signal transduction pathway that may be responsible for the increases in A beta associated with AD. We propose that the transcription factor NF-kappaB acts as a repressor in neurons but as an activator of BACE1 transcription in activated astrocytes present in the CNS under chronic stress, a feature present in the AD brain. The activated astrocytic stimulation of BACE1 may in part account for increased BACE1 transcription and subsequent processing of Ab eta in a cell-specific manner in the aged and AD brain. As measured by reporter gene promoter constructs and endogenous BACE1 protein expression, a functional NF-kappaB site was stimulatory in activated astrocytes and A beta-exposed neuronal cells and repressive in neuronal and nonactivated astrocytic cells. Given the evidence for increased levels of activated astrocytes in the aged brain, the age- and AD-associated increases in NF-kappaB in brain may be significant contributors to increases in A beta, acting as a positive feedback loop of chronic inflammation, astrocyte activation, increased p65/p50 activation of BACE1 transcription, and further inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyn Z Bourne
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1072, USA
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Ferrari DC, Bourne KZ, Perez-Polo JR. P1–414: DNA decoy intervention of BACE1 synthesis in the guinea pig brain: A therapeutic approach. Alzheimers Dement 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2006.05.793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
We describe an acid phosphatase enzyme (EC 3.1.3.2) that is localized to the intestine of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and that should serve as a convenient biochemical marker for gut differentiation. In adult worms, acid phosphatase activity is located along the edge of the gut lumen in the vicinity of the intestinal brush border. All but the anterior six cells of the intestine stain for phosphatase activity; the nonstaining cells all descend from the Ea(l/r)(a/p)a cells. Acid phosphatase activity is low in oocytes and early embryos but increases substantially when embryos reach late morphogenesis stage; this increase corresponds to the appearance of a major band of acid phosphatase activity detectable on isoelectric focusing gels. We designate this band as the product of the pho-1 gene. The pattern of acid phosphatase expression in several embryonic mutants suggests that pho-1 expression in the developing intestine is lineage autonomous. We induced an isoelectric focusing variant in the pho-1 enzyme and used this to map the pho-1 locus about 1.5 map units to the left of center of chromosome II. We purified the pho-1 enzyme to homogeneity (6500-fold purification; 4% recovery of activity); the pho-1 acid phosphatase is a homodimeric glycoprotein with a subunit molecular weight of 55,000 Da. This paper establishes a new experimental system with which to investigate the molecular basis of lineage-specific gene expression during C. elegans development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Beh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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McGhee JD, Birchall JC, Chung MA, Cottrell DA, Edgar LG, Svendsen PC, Ferrari DC. Production of null mutants in the major intestinal esterase gene (ges-1) of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 1990; 125:505-14. [PMID: 2379823 PMCID: PMC1204078 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/125.3.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ges-1 gene of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans codes for a nonspecific carboxylesterase that is expressed only in the intestinal lineage. This esterase has turned out to be a convenient biochemical marker for lineage-specific differentiation. In the present paper, we describe the production of several C. elegans strains that lack detectable activity of the ges-1 esterase. To isolate these ges-1 null strains, we first produced a strain of hermaphrodites in which the wild-type copy of the ges-1 gene was stably balanced over a previously isolated isoelectric focusing allele, ges-1(ca6); this parental strain was then mutagenized with EMS and isoelectric focusing gels were used to identify progeny populations that lacked either ges-1(+) or ges-1(ca6) esterase activity. This method is a straightforward and general approach to obtaining null mutations in any gene that has a biochemical or immunological assay. The ges-1 gene is not essential to worm survival, development or reproduction. Furthermore, lack of the ges-1 product has no obvious effect on the ability of worms (containing either normal or greatly reduced levels of acetylcholinesterases) to survive exposure to esterase inhibitors. The ges-1 gene product provides roughly half of the total esterase activity measured in crude extracts of L1 larvae or mixed worm populations. However, histochemical staining of individual ges-1(0) embryos shows that the ges-1 esterase is the first and essentially the only esterase to be produced during embryonic development, from the midproliferation phase up to at least the twofold stage of morphogenesis. These ges-1(0) strains now allow us to investigate the developmental control of the ges-1 gene by DNA-mediated transformation, in which the ges-1 gene acts as its own reporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D McGhee
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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