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Lucijanic D, Mihaljevic Peles A, Piskac Zivkovic N, Lucijanic M, Kranjcevic M, Muzinic Marinic L. Relationship of Anxiety, Depression, Stress, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms with Disease Severity in Acutely Ill Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:734. [PMID: 37754012 PMCID: PMC10525712 DOI: 10.3390/bs13090734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD symptoms and their relationship with disease severity in acutely ill hospitalized Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. A single-center cross-sectional observational survey study screening for psychiatric symptoms using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) questionnaires was performed including a total of 169 acutely ill COVID-19 patients. All patients were adults and of white race and developed respiratory insufficiency during hospitalization. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were evaluated as predictors of psychiatric symptoms. We hypothesized that higher intensity of COVID-19 symptoms and higher oxygen requirement would be associated with occurrence of depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD symptoms. Depressive symptoms were absent in 29%, mild in 16%, moderate in 27.8%, severe in 10.7% and extremely severe in 16.6% patients. Anxiety symptoms were absent in 43.8%, mild in 6.5%, moderate in 17.2%, severe in 5.3% and extremely severe in 27.2% patients. Stress symptoms were absent in 78.7%, mild in 4.7%, moderate in 7.1%, severe in 7.7%, and extremely severe in 1.8% patients. A total of 60.9% patients had no PTSD symptoms, 16% had undiagnosed symptoms, and 23.1% met the criteria for a PTSD diagnosis. All psychiatric symptoms were more pronounced in female patients, depression and anxiety symptoms were associated with prior chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Only depressive symptoms were significantly associated with higher intensity of COVID-19 symptoms and higher oxygen requirement. Acutely ill hospitalized COVID-19 patients presented a high prevalence of emergent psychiatric sequelae, especially in females, and more severe COVID-19 influenced mostly the severity of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Lucijanic
- Department of Psychiatry, Referral Centre for Stress-Related Disorders of the Ministry of Health, Centre University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alma Mihaljevic Peles
- Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Psychiatric Clinic, Kispaticeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Salata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Marko Lucijanic
- Hematology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matija Kranjcevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Referral Centre for Stress-Related Disorders of the Ministry of Health, Centre University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lana Muzinic Marinic
- Department of Psychiatry, Referral Centre for Stress-Related Disorders of the Ministry of Health, Centre University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Applied Health Sciences in Zagreb, Mlinarska Street 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Lucijanic M, Demaria M, Gnjidic J, Rob Z, Filipovic D, Penovic T, Jordan A, Barisic-Jaman M, Pastrović F, Lucijanic D, Cikara T, Lucijanic T, Miletic M, Ljubicic D, Keres T. Higher ferritin levels in COVID-19 patients are associated with hyperinflammation, worse prognosis, and more bacterial infections without pronounced features of hemophagocytosis. Ann Hematol 2022; 101:1119-1121. [PMID: 35275231 PMCID: PMC8916070 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-04813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Lucijanic
- Hematology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Ul. Salata 3, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Martina Demaria
- Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Gnjidic
- Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Rob
- Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dora Filipovic
- Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Toni Penovic
- Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Jordan
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mislav Barisic-Jaman
- Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Frane Pastrović
- Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dijana Lucijanic
- Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Cikara
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomo Lucijanic
- Endocrinology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Miletic
- Radiology Department, General Hospital Dubrovnik, Ul. Roka Misetica, 20000, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - Divo Ljubicic
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Ul. Salata 3, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Pulmonology Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Keres
- Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine Department, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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