Elucidation of the radius and ulna fracture mechanisms in toy poodle dogs using finite element analysis

Fractures occurring in the distal radius and ulna of toy breed dogs pose distinctive challenges for veterinary practitioners, requiring specialized treatment approaches primarily based on anatomical features. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was applied to conduct numerical experiments to determine stress distribution across the bone. This methodology offers an alternative substitute for directly investigating these phenomena in living dog experiments, which could present ethical obstacles. A three-dimensional bone model of the metacarpal, carpal, radius, ulna, and humerus was reconstructed from Computed Tomography (CT) images of the toy poodle and dachshund forelimb. The model was designed to simulate the jumping and landing conditions from a vertical distance of 40 cm to the ground within a limited timeframe. The investigation revealed considerable variations in stress distribution patterns between the radius and ulna of toy poodles and dachshunds, indicating notably elevated stress levels in toy poodles compared to dachshunds. In static and dynamic stress analysis, toy poodles exhibit peak stress levels at the distal radius and ulna. The Von Mises stresses for toy poodles reach 90.07 MPa (static) and 1,090.75 MPa (dynamic) at the radius and 1,677.97 MPa (static) and 1,047.98 MPa (dynamic) at the ulna. Conversely, dachshunds demonstrate lower stress levels for 5.39 MPa (static) and 231.79 MPa (dynamic) at the radius and 390.56 MPa (static) and 513.28 MPa (dynamic) at the ulna. The findings offer valuable insights for modified treatment approaches in managing fractures in toy breed dogs, optimizing care and outcomes.

Finite element study on post-screw removal stress in toy poodle radius with different plate designs and screw arrangements

Background

The study employs finite element analysis to investigate stress distribution in the radius of toy poodles after screw removal. The examination focuses on the biomechanical implications of varied screw hole configurations using 1.5 and 2.0-mm locking compression plates (LCPs) with notched head T-Plates.

Aim

To provide a noninvasive approach to analyzing the immediate consequences of screw removal from the radius bone in toy poodles. Specifically, it explores the impact of varied plate designs and screw arrangements on stress distribution within the forelimb bones.

Methods

The study constructs a three-dimensional bone model of the toy poodle's forelimb based on computed tomography (CT) images. Simulations were designed to replicate jumping and landing from a 40 cm height, comparing stress distribution in the radius post-screw removal.

Results

The analysis reveals significant variations in stress distribution patterns between the two LCPs. The radius implanted with the 2.0-mm LCP displays a uniform stress distribution, contrasting with the 1.5-mm plates. Localized stress concentration is observed around the screw holes, while trabecular bone regions near the screw holes exhibit lower stress levels.

Conclusion

The study highlights the plate designs and screw configurations that affect bone stress in toy poodle forelimbs post-screw removal. The findings provide valuable insights for veterinarians, aiding informed decisions in veterinary orthopedic practices.

Quantitative evaluation of the biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of the dog patellar tendon in response to neuromuscular blockade at different stifle angles

The patellar tendon (PT) is crucial for maintaining stability and facilitating movement in the stifle joint. Elastography has been recognized as a prominent method for evaluating PT properties in humans and dogs. The utilization of oscillation methods in canine studies remains limited despite their extensive documentation in human studies. Our study represents the first effort to quantitatively assess and compare the effects of muscle relaxant on the biomechanical and viscoelastic characteristics of the PT at varying stifle angles in living dogs. Five healthy female beagles were used in this study. Biomechanical (tone, stiffness, and decrement) and viscoelastic (relaxation time and creep) properties of the PT were measured using MyotonPRO (Myoton Ltd, Estonia) prior to and following administration of rocuronium (0.5 mg/kg/body weight) at normal, extended, and flexed positions. Rocuronium was selected for its safety, controllability, and widespread clinical use in veterinary anesthesia. Two-way analysis of variance showed that tone, stiffness, and decrement were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the control group than in the muscle relaxation group. At the same time, relaxation time and creep were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the control group than in the muscle relaxation group. The findings indicate that stifle angle position and muscle rexalant administration fundamentally alter the biomechanical loading conditions of the PT, leading to changes in its viscoelastic properties. Therefore, this novel quantitative data could benefit clinical settings that necessitate accurate and objective methods for risk identification and monitoring PT biomechanics in dogs.

Analisis Fragmen Gen VP-2 Virus Infectious Bursal Diseases yang Diisolasi dari Peternakan Ayam Komersial

Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) adalah penyakit virus yang bersifat akut dan infeksius serta menyerang pada unggas muda yang berumur kurang dari 4 bulan. Sejauh ini data molekuler virus IBD isolat Indonesia sangat minim, oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengarakterisasi gen VP-2 virus IBD yang telah ada di Indonesia. Sampel penelitian diperoleh dari kasus terdiagnosa IBD yang terjadi di peternakan ayam komersial broiler dan layer. Sampel Bursa dipersiapkan untuk dilakukan isolasi menggunakan telur ayam berembrio SPF. Membran korioalantois dipanen dan dilakukan identifikasi dengan metode RT-PCR dengan gen target VP-2. Hasil amplifikasi selanjutnya dilakukan pengurutan DNA. Data nukleotida hasil pengurutan DNA dianalisis dengan program MEGA 6, meliputi pesejajaran, prediksi asam amino, dan konstruksi pohon kekerabatan antara virus yang diteliti dengan beberapa virus yang telah dipublikasi di bank gen terutama virus IBD yang bersirkulasi di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh data bahwa ayam yang terdiagnosis penyakit IBD dapat ditentukan penyebabnya sebagai virus IBD. Hasil analisis urutan penanda patogenisitas molekuler menunjukkan virus yang virulen. Analisis pohon kekerabatan 2 isolat IBD SR/Lay-WNO-DIY dan IBD Potrow/Lay-SLM-DIY termasuk dalam kelompok virus IBD tipe klasik, sedangkan lima virus lainnya, yaitu IBD Yanti/Lay-SLM-DIY; IBD Lampung/Bro/IL; IBD Fung/Lay-SLM-DIY-BF1, IBD Fung/Lay-SLM-DIY-BF2, dan IBD Fung/Lay-SLM-DIY-BF3 termasuk dalam kelompok vvIBD strain Indonesia.

Kualitas Morfologi Oosit Sapi Peranakan Ongole yang Dikoleksi secara In Vitro Menggunakan Variasi Waktu Transportasi

Salah satu alternatif usaha peningkatan populasi sapi di Indonesia adalah dengan transfer embrio. Kualitas oosit yang baik akan menghasilkan tingkat pembelahan dan blastosis yang baik. Lama waktu transportasi dari rumah potong hewan (RPH) ke laboratorium merupakan salah satu faktor yang dilaporkan berpengaruh terhadap kualitas oosit. Waktu transportasi yang tepat untuk menghasilkan oosit dengan kualitas morfologi terbaik belum pernah dilakukan untuk ovarium sapi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama waktu transportasi ovarium terhadap kualitas morfologi oosit sapi yang dikoleksi secara in vitro. Koleksi ovarium dilakukan di RPH, selanjutnya dibawa ke laboratorium untuk dilakukan proses koleksi oosit dengan metode aspirasi. Ovarium dikelompokkan berdasarkan waktu transportasinya, yaitu 2, 3, 4, dan 5 jam. Oosit yang diperoleh kemudian dikelompokkan berdasarkan kualitasnya dengan mengklasifikasikan menjadi kualitas A, B, C, dan D. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara lama waktu transportasi ovarium sapi terhadap kualitas morfologi oosit (P< 0,05). Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ovarium yang mengalami perlakuan transportasi selama 2 jam menghasilkan persentase jumlah oosit dengan kualitas morfologi A dan B yang lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan ovarium yang mengalami perlakuan transportasi selama lebih dari 2 jam.