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Sharmin D, Divović B, Ping X, Cerne R, Smith JL, Rezvanian S, Mondal P, Meyer MJ, Kiley ME, Arnold LA, Mian MY, Pandey KP, Jin X, Mitrović JR, Djorović D, Lippa A, Cook JM, Golani LK, Scholze P, Savić MM, Witkin JM. New Imidazodiazepine Analogue, 5-(8-Bromo-6-(pyridin-2-yl)-4 H-benzo[ f]imidazo[1,5- a][1,4]diazepin-3-yl)oxazole, Provides a Simplified Synthetic Scheme, High Oral Plasma and Brain Exposures, and Produces Antiseizure Efficacy in Mice, and Antiepileptogenic Activity in Neural Networks in Brain Slices from a Patient with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:517-526. [PMID: 38175916 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
KRM-II-81 (1) is an imidazodiazepine GABAA receptor (GABAAR) potentiator with broad antiseizure efficacy and a low sedative burden. A brominated analogue, DS-II-73 (5), was synthesized and pharmacologically characterized as a potential backup compound as KRM-II-81 moves forward into development. The synthesis from 2-amino-5-bromophenyl)(pyridin-2yl)methanone (6) was processed in five steps with an overall yield of 38% and without the need for a palladium catalyst. GABAAR binding occurred with a Ki of 150 nM, and only 3 of 41 screened binding sites produced inhibition ≥50% at 10 μM, and the potency to induce cytotoxicity was ≥240 mM. DS-II-73 was selective for α2/3/5- over that of α1-containing GABAARs. Oral exposure of plasma and brain of rats was more than sufficient to functionally impact GABAARs. Tonic convulsions in mice and lethality induced by pentylenetetrazol were suppressed by DS-II-73 after oral administration and latencies to clonic and tonic seizures were prolonged. Cortical slice preparations from a patient with pharmacoresistant epilepsy (mesial temporal lobe) showed decreases in the frequency of local field potentials by DS-II-73. As with KRM-II-81, the motor-impairing effects of DS-II-73 were low compared to diazepam. Molecular docking studies of DS-II-73 with the α1β3γ2L-configured GABAAR showed low interaction with α1His102 that is suggested as a potential molecular mechanism for its low sedative side effects. These findings support the viability of DS-II-73 as a backup molecule for its ethynyl analogue, KRM-II-81, with the human tissue data providing translational credibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dishary Sharmin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Branka Divović
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11221, Serbia
| | - Xingjie Ping
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University/Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Rok Cerne
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University/Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana 46260, United States
- RespireRx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Glen Rock, New Jersey 07452, United States
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 4, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Jodi L Smith
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana 46260, United States
| | - Sepideh Rezvanian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Prithu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Michelle Jean Meyer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Molly E Kiley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Leggy A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Md Yeunus Mian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Kamal P Pandey
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University/Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jelena R Mitrović
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11221, Serbia
| | - Djordje Djorović
- Institute of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11221, Serbia
| | - Arnold Lippa
- RespireRx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Glen Rock, New Jersey 07452, United States
| | - James M Cook
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
- RespireRx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Glen Rock, New Jersey 07452, United States
| | - Lalit K Golani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Petra Scholze
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Miroslav M Savić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11221, Serbia
| | - Jeffrey M Witkin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana 46260, United States
- RespireRx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Glen Rock, New Jersey 07452, United States
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Mitrović JR, Divović-Matović B, Knutson DE, Petković M, Djorović D, Randjelović DV, Dobričić VD, Đoković JB, Lunter DJ, Cook JM, Savić MM, Savić SD. High amount of lecithin facilitates oral delivery of a poorly soluble pyrazoloquinolinone ligand formulated in lipid nanoparticles: Physicochemical, structural and pharmacokinetic performances. Int J Pharm 2023; 633:122613. [PMID: 36657554 PMCID: PMC9924434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical development of deuterated pyrazoloquinolinone ligands, promising drug candidates for various neuropsychiatric disorders, was hindered by unusually low solubility in water and oils. DK-I-60-3 (7-methoxy-d3-2-(4-methoxy-d3-phenyl)-2,5-dihydro-3Hpyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolin-3-one) is one of such pyrazoloquinolinones, and we recently reported about increased oral bioavailability of its nanocrystal formulation (NC). Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) with a high concentration of lecithin, which enhances loading capacity of the lipid matrix, may give rise to further improvement. After preformulation studies by differential scanning calorimetry and polarized light microscopy, LNP were prepared by the hot high pressure homogenization, and characterized in terms of particle size, morphology, and encapsulation efficacy. The layered structure visible on atomic force micrographs was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance. Obtained formulations were desirably stable, with small particle size (<100 nm), and high encapsulation efficacy (>99 %). Lecithin was partially fluid and most probably located in the outer shell of the particle, together with DK-I-60-3. While the hydrophobic part of polysorbate 80 was completely immobilized, its hydrophilic part was free in the aqueous phase. In oral neuropharmacokinetic study in rats, an around 1.5-fold increase of area under the curve with LNP compared to NC was noticed both in brain and plasma. In bioavailability study, F value of LNP (34.7 ± 12.4 %) was 1.4-fold higher than of NC (24.5 ± 7.8 %); however, this difference did not reach statistical significance. Therefore, employment of LNP platform in preclinical formulation of DK-I-60-3 imparted an incremental improvement of its physicochemical as well as pharmacokinetic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena R Mitrović
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | | | - Daniel E Knutson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, United States
| | - Miloš Petković
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Djordje Djorović
- Institute of Anatomy "Niko Miljanić", School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela V Randjelović
- Department of Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir D Dobričić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Jelena B Đoković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Dominique J Lunter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - James M Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, United States
| | - Miroslav M Savić
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Snežana D Savić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia.
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