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Starikova EA, Mammedova JT, Ozhiganova A, Leveshko TA, Lebedeva AM, Sokolov AV, Isakov DV, Karaseva AB, Burova LA, Kudryavtsev IV. Streptococcal Arginine Deiminase Inhibits T Lymphocyte Differentiation In Vitro. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2585. [PMID: 37894243 PMCID: PMC10608802 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microbes use arginine-metabolizing enzymes as an immune evasion strategy. In this study, the impact of streptococcal arginine deiminase (ADI) on the human peripheral blood T lymphocytes function in vitro was studied. The comparison of the effects of parental strain (Streptococcus pyogenes M49-16) with wild type of ArcA gene and its isogenic mutant with inactivated ArcA gene (Streptococcus pyogenes M49-16delArcA) was carried out. It was found that ADI in parental strain SDSC composition resulted in a fivefold decrease in the arginine concentration in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) supernatants. Only parental strain SDSCs suppressed anti-CD2/CD3/CD28-bead-stimulated mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and caused a twofold decrease in IL-2 production in PBMC. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that ADI decreased the percentage of CM (central memory) and increased the proportion of TEMRA (terminally differentiated effector memory) of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells subsets. Enzyme activity inhibited the proliferation of all CD8+ T cell subsets as well as CM, EM (effector memory), and TEMRA CD4+ T cells. One of the prominent ADI effects was the inhibition of autophagy processes in CD8+ CM and EM as well as CD4+ CM, EM, and TEMRA T cell subsets. The data obtained confirm arginine's crucial role in controlling immune reactions and suggest that streptococcal ADI may downregulate adaptive immunity and immunological memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora A. Starikova
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Jennet T. Mammedova
- Laboratory of General Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Arina Ozhiganova
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Leveshko
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandra M. Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Sokolov
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Dmitry V. Isakov
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alena B. Karaseva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Larissa A. Burova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microecology, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Igor V. Kudryavtsev
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Starikova EA, Rubinstein AA, Mammedova JT, Isakov DV, Kudryavtsev IV. Regulated Arginine Metabolism in Immunopathogenesis of a Wide Range of Diseases: Is There a Way to Pass between Scylla and Charybdis? Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3525-3551. [PMID: 37185755 PMCID: PMC10137093 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
More than a century has passed since arginine was discovered, but the metabolism of the amino acid never ceases to amaze researchers. Being a conditionally essential amino acid, arginine performs many important homeostatic functions in the body; it is involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system and regeneration processes. In recent years, more and more facts have been accumulating that demonstrate a close relationship between arginine metabolic pathways and immune responses. This opens new opportunities for the development of original ways to treat diseases associated with suppressed or increased activity of the immune system. In this review, we analyze the literature describing the role of arginine metabolism in the immunopathogenesis of a wide range of diseases, and discuss arginine-dependent processes as a possible target for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora A Starikova
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova 12, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L'va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Artem A Rubinstein
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova 12, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Jennet T Mammedova
- Laboratory of General Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova 12, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Isakov
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L'va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor V Kudryavtsev
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova 12, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, FEFU Campus, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
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Savchenko AA, Kudryavtsev IV, Isakov DV, Sadowski IS, Belenyuk VD, Borisov AG. Recombinant Human Interleukin-2 Corrects NK Cell Phenotype and Functional Activity in Patients with Post-COVID Syndrome. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040537. [PMID: 37111294 PMCID: PMC10144656 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-COVID syndrome develops in 10–20% of people who have recovered from COVID-19 and it is characterized by impaired function of the nervous, cardiovascular, and immune systems. Previously, it was found that patients who recovered from infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus had a decrease in the number and functional activity of NK cells. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of recombinant human IL-2 (rhIL-2) administered to correct NK cell phenotype and functional activity in patients with post-COVID syndrome. Patients were examined after 3 months for acute COVID-19 of varying severity. The phenotype of the peripheral blood NK cells was studied by flow cytometry. It was found that disturbances in the cell subset composition in patients with post-COVID syndrome were characterized by low levels of mature (p = 0.001) and cytotoxic NK cells (p = 0.013), with increased release of immature NK cells (p = 0.023). Functional deficiency of NK cells in post-COVID syndrome was characterized by lowered cytotoxic activity due to the decreased count of CD57+ (p = 0.001) and CD8+ (p < 0.001) NK cells. In the treatment of patients with post-COVID syndrome with recombinant IL-2, peripheral blood NK cell count and functional potential were restored. In general, the effectiveness of using rhIL-2 in treatment of post-COVID syndrome has been proven in patients with low levels of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei A. Savchenko
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Igor V. Kudryavtsev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Isakov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University of the Russian Federation Ministry of Healthcare, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan S. Sadowski
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Vasily D. Belenyuk
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alexandr G. Borisov
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Shesternya PA, Savchenko AA, Gritsenko OD, Vasileva AO, Kudryavtsev IV, Masterova AA, Isakov DV, Borisov AG. Features of Peripheral Blood Th-Cell Subset Composition and Serum Cytokine Level in Patients with Activity-Driven Ankylosing Spondylitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111370. [PMID: 36355542 PMCID: PMC9695783 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Th cells may exhibit pathological activity depending on the regulatory and functional signals sensed under a wide range of immunopathological conditions, including ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The relationship between Th cells and cytokines is important for diagnoses and for determining treatment. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Th-cell subset composition and serum cytokine profile for patients with activity-driven AS. In our study, patients were divided into two groups according to disease activity: low-activity AS (ASDAS-CRP < 2.1) and high-activity AS (ASDAS-CRP > 2.1). The peripheral blood Th cell subset composition was studied by flow cytometry. Using multiplex analysis, serum cytokine levels were quantified and investigated. It was found that only patients with high-activity AS had reduced central memory (CM) Th1 cells (p = 0.035) but elevated numbers of CM (p = 0.014) and effector memory (EM) Th2 cells (p < 0.001). However, no activity-driven change in the Th17 cell subset composition was observed in AS patients. Moreover, low-AS activity patients had increased numbers of Tfh17 EM cells (p < 0.001), whereas high-AS activity was associated with elevated Tfh2 EM level (p = 0.031). The serum cytokine profiles in AS patients demonstrated that cues stimulating cellular immunity were increased, but patients with high-AS activity reveled increased IL-5 level (p = 0.017). Analyzing the data obtained from AS patients allowed us to conclude that Th cell subset differentiation was mainly affected during the CM stage and characterized the IL-23/IL-17 regulatory axis, whereas increased humoral immunity was observed in the high-AS activity group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A. Shesternya
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrei A. Savchenko
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center”, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Olga D. Gritsenko
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alexandra O. Vasileva
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | | | - Alena A. Masterova
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center”, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Isakov
- Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare, 197022 St. Peterburg, Russia
| | - Alexandr G. Borisov
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center”, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Kudryavtsev IV, Arsentieva NA, Korobova ZR, Isakov DV, Rubinstein AA, Batsunov OK, Khamitova IV, Kuznetsova RN, Savin TV, Akisheva TV, Stanevich OV, Lebedeva AA, Vorobyov EA, Vorobyova SV, Kulikov AN, Sharapova MA, Pevtsov DE, Totolian AA. Heterogenous CD8+ T Cell Maturation and 'Polarization' in Acute and Convalescent COVID-19 Patients. Viruses 2022; 14:1906. [PMID: 36146713 PMCID: PMC9504186 DOI: 10.3390/v14091906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adaptive antiviral immune response requires interaction between CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, and Th1 cells for controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the data regarding the role of CD8+ T cells in the acute phase of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 syndrome are still limited. METHODS . Peripheral blood samples collected from patients with acute COVID-19 (n = 71), convalescent subjects bearing serum SARS-CoV-2 N-protein-specific IgG antibodies (n = 51), and healthy volunteers with no detectable antibodies to any SARS-CoV-2 proteins (HC, n = 46) were analyzed using 10-color flow cytometry. RESULTS Patients with acute COVID-19 vs. HC and COVID-19 convalescents showed decreased absolute numbers of CD8+ T cells, whereas the frequency of CM and TEMRA CD8+ T cells in acute COVID-19 vs. HC was elevated. COVID-19 convalescents vs. HC had increased naïve and CM cells, whereas TEMRA cells were decreased compared to HC. Cell-surface CD57 was highly expressed by the majority of CD8+ T cells subsets during acute COVID-19, but convalescents had increased CD57 on 'naïve', CM, EM4, and pE1 2-3 months post-symptom onset. CXCR5 expression was altered in acute and convalescent COVID-19 subjects, whereas the frequencies of CXCR3+ and CCR4+ cells were decreased in both patient groups vs. HC. COVID-19 convalescents had increased CCR6-expressing CD8+ T cells. Moreover, CXCR3+CCR6- Tc1 cells were decreased in patients with acute COVID-19 and COVID-19 convalescents, whereas Tc2 and Tc17 levels were increased compared to HC. Finally, IL-27 negatively correlated with the CCR6+ cells in acute COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS We described an abnormal CD8+ T cell profile in COVID-19 convalescents, which resulted in lower frequencies of effector subsets (TEMRA and Tc1), higher senescent state (upregulated CD57 on 'naïve' and memory cells), and higher frequencies of CD8+ T cell subsets expressing lung tissue and mucosal tissue homing molecules (Tc2, Tc17, and Tc17.1). Thus, our data indicate that COVID-19 can impact the long-term CD8+ T cell immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Kudryavtsev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova 12, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia A. Arsentieva
- Laboratory of Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira 14, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Zoia R. Korobova
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira 14, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Isakov
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Artem A. Rubinstein
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova 12, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg K. Batsunov
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira 14, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina V. Khamitova
- Laboratory of Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira 14, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Raisa N. Kuznetsova
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira 14, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tikhon V. Savin
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira 14, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Akisheva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova 12, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oksana V. Stanevich
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Prof. Popov St. 15/17, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A. Lebedeva
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Vorobyov
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Snejana V. Vorobyova
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Kulikov
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria A. Sharapova
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitrii E. Pevtsov
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Areg A. Totolian
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira 14, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Isakov DV, Tsarkov PV, Markaryan DR, Garmanova TN, Kazachenko EA, Knorring GY. [E.coli bacterial suspension in the treatment of hemorrhoids]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2020:102-108. [PMID: 32500699 DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia2020051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhoidal disease is the most common proctologic disease and the search for new treatment methods, as well as an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying effects of well-known agents on disease pathogenesis still remain relevant. There have been long recognized the effects of the E.coli bacterial culture suspension (BCS) as a therapeutic means eliciting decreased exudation during inflammation, wound healing, tissue regeneration, and stimulated immunity. Here, based on recent findings related to innate and adaptive immune cells, we set out to present mechanisms accounting for some effects coupled to commensal bacteria, particularly inactivated E.coli BCS, which are important for understanding pathogenesis-related action of drug Posterisan and Posterisan forte, and outline their broad application in therapy of hemorrhoids. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that such effects are mediated via multi-pronged and complementary interactions between diverse human receptors expressed in the anorectal region cells and microbial components: NOD ligands, metabolites, enzymes, heat shock proteins and nucleic acids, which lead to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by anodermal colonocytes, innate and adaptive immune cells, neurons in the submucosal plexus covered by transitional zone epithelium, and hemorrhoid plexus endothelium. Based on current concepts, it may be plausible that E.coli BCS-derived biologically active components contained in drug Posterisan are capable of exerting both positive local and systemic effects, which extend our understanding and substantiate its use in hemorrhoidal disease. The effectiveness of using Posterisan and Posterisan forte is corroborated by their indications in real-life clinical practice, both as a conservative therapy as well as after surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Isakov
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - P V Tsarkov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - D R Markaryan
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - T N Garmanova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Kazachenko
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - G Yu Knorring
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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Isakov VA, Isakov DV. [IMMUNOMODULATORS IN THE TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF HERPES VIRUS INFECTIONS]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2015; 93:16-24. [PMID: 26155705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Herpes virus infections cause disbalance of the interferon system, suppress cellular andphagocytic reactions. This paper deals with modern classifications of immunomodulators and substantiates their application for the treatment of viral infections. Also, it demonstrates high efficacy of cycloferon as an additional agent for the treatment and prevention (immunorehabilitation) of recurrent genital herpes. Cycloferon exerts antiviral and immunomodulating action, does not interact with other medications, and is fairly well tolerated by the patients.
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Isakov DV, Isakov VA. [CYCLOFERON: MECHANISM OF ACTION, AND NEW PROSPECTS FOR APPLICATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2015; 93:46-51. [PMID: 27008743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms exist in constant interaction with various species of microflora both at the body surface and in internal media. The mechanism of recognition of conservative molecular structures of infectious origin formed at the earliest stages of evolution before the appearance of the genes of the immunoglobulin superfamily in jawed vertebrates (Gnathostomata) that made up a basis for the development of clonal specificity of B- and T-lymphocytes as adaptive immunity factors. This paper considers the mechanism of action of cycloferon as an inductor of endogenous interferon synthesis and the new prospects for its application in clinical medicine.
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Isakov VA, Isakov DV. [Immunomodulators in Therapy of Respiratory Infections]. Antibiot Khimioter 2014; 59:27-34. [PMID: 26448991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections provoke dysbalance in the interferon system and inhibition of the cellular and phagocytic responses of the host. Long-term persistence of pathogenic viruses and bacteria induce atopy and could aggravate chronic respiratory diseases. The up-to-date classification of immunomodulators is described. High efficacy of interferon inductors, such as cycloferon and some others as auxiliary means in therapy or prophylaxis (immunorehabilitation) of viral respiratory infections in adults and children was shown.
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Isakov DV, de Matos Gomes E, Vieira LG, Dekola T, Belsley MS, Almeida BG. Oriented single-crystal-like molecular arrangement of optically nonlinear 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline in electrospun nanofibers. ACS Nano 2011; 5:73-8. [PMID: 21142181 DOI: 10.1021/nn101413x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In-plane aligned nanofibers of organic 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline (MNA) were produced by the electrospinning technique using a 1:1 weight ratio with poly(l-lactic acid). The fibers are capable of enormous efficient optical second harmonic generation as strong as pure MNA crystals in powder form. Structural, spectroscopic, and second harmonic generation polarimetry studies show that the MNA crystallizes within the fibers in an orientation in which the aromatic rings of MNA are predominantly orientated edge-on with respect to the plane of the fiber array and with their dipole moments aligned with the fiber axis. The results show that the electrospinning technique is an effective method to fabricate all-organic molecular functional devices based on polymer nanofibers with guest molecules possessing strong nonlinear optical and/or polar properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Isakov
- Centro de Física, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Isakov VA, Ermolenko DK, Isakov DV. [Perspectives of prevention and treatment of herpes symplex with regular recurrence]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2011; 83:44-47. [PMID: 22312884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess efficacy of two-stage treatment of severe genital herpes (GH) with regular recurrences: combined use of antivirus medicines with interferon preparations and its inductors followed by antirecurrence vaccine therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two-stage treatment was given to 100 patients suffering from GH with severe regular recurrences. One-stage treatment included famvir in combination with interferon (viferon) or interferon inductors (amixin, cycloferon) and antioxidants. Stage two treatment consisted of vaccine therapy of patients who failed prophylactic standard vaccination by allergometric technique. RESULTS The first stage treatment prolonged recurrence-free period 2-3-fold in more than 85% patients, improved quality of life. Stage-two treatment resulted in long-term clinicoimmunological remission which is necessary for conduction of anti-recurrence vaccine treatment. CONCLUSION Changes in therapeutic-preventive policy in patients with recurrent GH with regular recurrence (2 stage of treatment) prolong recurrence-free intervals, improve quality of life and social adaptation of patients.
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Dzutsev AK, Belyakov IM, Isakov DV, Gagnon SJ, Margulies DH, Berzofsky JA. Estimation of low frequency antigen-presenting cells with a novel RELISPOT assay. J Immunol Methods 2008; 333:71-8. [PMID: 18294650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Revised: 12/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adequate presentation of self and foreign antigens is a key factor for efficient T-cell immunosurveillance against pathogens and tumors. Cells presenting foreign antigens usually comprise a rare population and are difficult to detect even at the peak of infection. Here we demonstrate a CD8(+) T-cell-based approach that allows detection of specific antigen-presenting cells (APC) at a frequency of less than 0.0005%. When T cells are in excess, they form rosettes with rare APCs, which appear as single spots in an IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay. Using this RELISPOT (Rosette ELISPOT) method we demonstrate the dynamic interplay between CD8 T cells and professional and non-professional APCs following virus challenge.
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Abstract
In the course of viral infection, the immune system exploits only a fraction of the available CTL repertoire and focuses on a few of a myriad of potentially antigenic peptides. This phenomenon, known as immunodominance, depends on a number of factors, including antigen processing and transport, MHC binding, competition for antigen-presenting cells, availability of the CD8 T cell repertoire and other mechanisms that function largely by restricting the immune response. Here we elucidate a novel mechanism that increases the immunodominance of the epitope rather by enhancing the immune response. Using a peptide-specific MHC-restricted mAb and functional assays of CTL activation, we show that T cells with high avidity for the immunodominant, H-2D(d) restricted, P18-I10 epitope expand rapidly following immunization, and this expansion in turn determines the level of the P18-I10 epitope immunodominance. This proliferation has little dependence on the number of MHC-peptide complexes. Since most self-reactive T cells of high avidity are depleted in the thymus, the selection of immunodominant epitopes based on the expansion of high-avidity T cells in the periphery reduces the potential for autoimmunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Count
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- H-2 Antigens/metabolism
- HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology
- HIV Envelope Protein gp120/metabolism
- HIV Envelope Protein gp160/genetics
- HIV Envelope Protein gp160/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D
- Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Major Histocompatibility Complex/genetics
- Major Histocompatibility Complex/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Models, Immunological
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccinia virus/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiran H Dzutsev
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1578, USA
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Akchurin RS, Brand IB, Shiriaev AA, Dolgov IM, Vasil'ev AV, Chumakov MV, Goncharov PN, Mazanov MK, Dudina IV, Isakov DV, Chernyshev DV. [Problems of surgical treatment of patients with acute disorders of coronary circulation]. Kardiologiia 2005; 45:46-52. [PMID: 15821709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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