1
|
Liu Y, Lam DMK, Luan M, Zheng W, Ai H. Recent development of oral vaccines (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:223. [PMID: 38590568 PMCID: PMC11000446 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral immunization can elicit an effective immune response and immune tolerance to specific antigens. When compared with the traditional injection route, delivering antigens via the gastrointestinal mucosa offers superior immune effects and compliance, as well as simplicity and convenience, making it a more optimal route for immunization. At present, various oral vaccine delivery systems exist. Certain modified bacteria, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli and particularly Lactobacillus, are considered promising carriers for oral vaccines. These carriers can significantly enhance immunization efficiency by actively replicating in the intestinal tract following oral administration. The present review provided a discussion of the main mechanisms of oral immunity and the research progress made in the field of oral vaccines. Additionally, it introduced the advantages and disadvantages of the currently more commonly administered injectable COVID-19 vaccines, alongside the latest advancements in this area. Furthermore, recent developments in oral vaccines are summarized, and their potential benefits and side effects are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Follicular Development and Reproductive Health in Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | | | - Mei Luan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Wenfu Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Hao Ai
- Key Laboratory of Follicular Development and Reproductive Health in Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kwong KWY, Xin Y, Lai NCY, Sung JCC, Wu KC, Hamied YK, Sze ETP, Lam DMK. Oral Vaccines: A Better Future of Immunization. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1232. [PMID: 37515047 PMCID: PMC10383709 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral vaccines are gaining more attention due to their ease of administration, lower invasiveness, generally greater safety, and lower cost than injectable vaccines. This review introduces certified oral vaccines for adenovirus, recombinant protein-based, and transgenic plant-based oral vaccines, and their mechanisms for inducing an immune response. Procedures for regulatory approval and clinical trials of injectable and oral vaccines are also covered. Challenges such as instability and reduced efficacy in low-income countries associated with oral vaccines are discussed, as well as recent developments, such as Bacillus-subtilis-based and nanoparticle-based delivery systems that have the potential to improve the effectiveness of oral vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Wai-Yeung Kwong
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Oristry BioTech (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Theratide BioTech (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Xin
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nelson Cheuk-Yin Lai
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Oristry BioTech (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Theratide BioTech (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Johnny Chun-Chau Sung
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Oristry BioTech (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Theratide BioTech (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam-Chau Wu
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Eric Tung-Po Sze
- School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dominic Man-Kit Lam
- DrD Novel Vaccines Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Torsten Wiesel International Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sung JCC, Lai NCY, Wu KC, Choi MC, Ma CHY, Lin J, Kuok CN, Leong WL, Lam WK, Hamied YK, Lam DMK, Sze ETP, Kwong KWY. Safety and Immunogenicity of Inactivated Bacillus subtilis Spores as a Heterologous Antibody Booster for COVID-19 Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071014. [PMID: 35891178 PMCID: PMC9322707 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections have threatened the world for more than 2 years. Multiple vaccine candidates have been developed and approved for emergency use by specific markets, but multiple doses are required to maintain the antibody level. Preliminary safety and immunogenicity data about an oral dose vaccine candidate using recombinant Bacillus subtilis in healthy adults were reported previously from an investigator-initiated trial in Hong Kong. Additional data are required in order to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the candidate as a heterologous booster in vaccinated recipients. In an ongoing, placebo-controlled, observer-blinded, fixed dose, investigator-initiated trial conducted in the Macau, we randomly assigned healthy adults, 21 to 62 years of age to receive either placebo or a Bacillus subtilis oral dose vaccine candidate, which expressed the spike protein receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 on the spore surface. The primary outcome was safety (e.g., local and systemic reactions and adverse events); immunogenicity was a secondary outcome. For both the active vaccine and placebo, participants received three courses in three consecutive days. A total of 16 participants underwent randomization: 9 participants received vaccine and 7 received placebo. No observable local or systemic side-effect was reported. In both younger and older adults receiving placebo, the neutralizing antibody levels were gradually declining, whereas the participants receiving the antibody booster showed an increase in neutralizing antibody level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Chun-Chau Sung
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, Hong Kong, China; (J.C.-C.S.); (N.C.-Y.L.); (K.-C.W.); (M.-C.C.); (C.H.-Y.M.); (J.L.)
- Oristry BioTech (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Meserna Therapeutic (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
- L&L Immunotherapy Company Limited, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Nelson Cheuk-Yin Lai
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, Hong Kong, China; (J.C.-C.S.); (N.C.-Y.L.); (K.-C.W.); (M.-C.C.); (C.H.-Y.M.); (J.L.)
- Oristry BioTech (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Meserna Therapeutic (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
- L&L Immunotherapy Company Limited, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Kam-Chau Wu
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, Hong Kong, China; (J.C.-C.S.); (N.C.-Y.L.); (K.-C.W.); (M.-C.C.); (C.H.-Y.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Man-Chung Choi
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, Hong Kong, China; (J.C.-C.S.); (N.C.-Y.L.); (K.-C.W.); (M.-C.C.); (C.H.-Y.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Chloe Ho-Yi Ma
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, Hong Kong, China; (J.C.-C.S.); (N.C.-Y.L.); (K.-C.W.); (M.-C.C.); (C.H.-Y.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Jayman Lin
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, Hong Kong, China; (J.C.-C.S.); (N.C.-Y.L.); (K.-C.W.); (M.-C.C.); (C.H.-Y.M.); (J.L.)
- L&L Immunotherapy Company Limited, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Cheong-Nang Kuok
- Macao Greater Bay Area Association of Healthcare Providers, Macau 999078, China; (C.-N.K.); (W.-L.L.); (W.-K.L.)
| | - Wai-Leng Leong
- Macao Greater Bay Area Association of Healthcare Providers, Macau 999078, China; (C.-N.K.); (W.-L.L.); (W.-K.L.)
| | - Weng-Kei Lam
- Macao Greater Bay Area Association of Healthcare Providers, Macau 999078, China; (C.-N.K.); (W.-L.L.); (W.-K.L.)
| | | | - Dominic Man-Kit Lam
- L&L Immunotherapy Company Limited, Hong Kong, China;
- Torsten Wiesel International Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Eric Tung-Po Sze
- School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Keith Wai-Yeung Kwong
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, Hong Kong, China; (J.C.-C.S.); (N.C.-Y.L.); (K.-C.W.); (M.-C.C.); (C.H.-Y.M.); (J.L.)
- Oristry BioTech (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Meserna Therapeutic (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China
- L&L Immunotherapy Company Limited, Hong Kong, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-370-52355
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang WW, Li L, Li D, Liu J, Li X, Li W, Xu X, Zhang MJ, Chandler LA, Lin H, Hu A, Xu W, Lam DMK. The First Approved Gene Therapy Product for Cancer Ad-p53 (Gendicine): 12 Years in the Clinic. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 29:160-179. [PMID: 29338444 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gendicine (recombinant human p53 adenovirus), developed by Shenzhen SiBiono GeneTech Co. Ltd., was approved in 2003 by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) as a first-in-class gene therapy product to treat head and neck cancer, and entered the commercial market in 2004. Gendicine is a biological therapy that is delivered via minimally invasive intratumoral injection, as well as by intracavity or intravascular infusion. The wild-type (wt) p53 protein expressed by Gendicine-transduced cells is a tumor suppressor that is activated by cellular stress, and mediates cell-cycle arrest and DNA repair, or induces apoptosis, senescence, and/or autophagy, depending upon cellular stress conditions. Based on 12 years of commercial use in >30,000 patients, and >30 published clinical studies, Gendicine has exhibited an exemplary safety record, and when combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy has demonstrated significantly higher response rates than for standard therapies alone. In addition to head and neck cancer, Gendicine has been successfully applied to treat various other cancer types and different stages of disease. Thirteen published studies that include long-term survival data showed that Gendicine combination regimens yield progression-free survival times that are significantly longer than standard therapies alone. Although the p53 gene is mutated in >50% of all human cancers, p53 mutation status did not significantly influence efficacy outcomes and long-term survival rate for Ad-p53-treated patients. To date, Shenzhen SiBiono GeneTech has manufactured 41 batches of Gendicine in compliance with CFDA QC/QA requirements, and 169,571 vials (1.0 × 1012 vector particles per vial) have been used to treat patients. No serious adverse events have been reported, except for vector-associated transient fever, which occurred in 50-60% of patients and persisted for only a few hours. The manufacturing accomplishments and clinical experience with Gendicine, as well as the understanding of its cellular mechanisms of action and implications, could provide valuable insights for the international gene therapy community and add valuable data to promote further developments and advancements in the gene therapy field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Zhang
- 1 LifeTech Biosciences Group, Hong Kong .,2 Angionetics, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Longjiang Li
- 3 State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dinggang Li
- 4 Beijing Haidian Hospital Center for Cancer Gene Therapy, Beijing, China
| | - Jiliang Liu
- 5 Shenzhen Hengsheng Hospital Cancer Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiuqin Li
- 6 China Medical University Shengjing Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Li
- 7 Shenzhen SiBiono GeneTech Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- 7 Shenzhen SiBiono GeneTech Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Michael J Zhang
- 8 Department of Medicine University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Hong Lin
- 7 Shenzhen SiBiono GeneTech Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Aiguo Hu
- 7 Shenzhen SiBiono GeneTech Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Xu
- 7 Shenzhen SiBiono GeneTech Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lei H, Xu Y, Chen J, Wei X, Lam DMK. Immunoprotection against influenza H5N1 virus by oral administration of enteric-coated recombinant Lactococcus lactis mini-capsules. Virology 2010; 407:319-24. [PMID: 20850860 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Edible vaccines that can be made widely available and easily administered could bring great benefit to the worldwide battle against pandemic viral infections. They can be used not only for the vaccination of humans and domesticated animals, but also for wild herds and live stock which are otherwise difficult to vaccinate. In this study, we report the development of an edible mini-capsule form of live, non-persisting, recombinant Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) vaccine against the highly virulent influenza H5N1 strain. Recombinant L. lactis-based H5N1 HA antigen expression constructs were made and shown to be able to induce higher levels of HA-specific serum IgG and fecal IgA antibody production after oral administration. The vectors were then formulated into a mini-capsule dosage form and fed to mouse. Four doses of oral administration rendered complete protection of the mouse against lethal challenges of H5N1 virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Lei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen W, Yu M, Wang Y, Peng Y, Li X, Lam DMK, Chen X, Liu X. Non-Mitogenic Human Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor Reduces Retinal Degeneration Induced by Sodium Iodate. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2009; 25:315-20. [PMID: 19650706 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2009.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Laboratories, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Laboratories, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youwei Peng
- Retinal Neurobiology Laboratory, Boys Town National Research Hospital-East, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dominic Man-Kit Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Laboratories, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Laboratories, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Laboratories, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lam DMK, Baran AJ. Painting in Color without Pigments. Sci Am 1991. [DOI: 10.1038/scientificamerican1191-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
8
|
Tavella D, Watt CB, Su YYT, Chang KJ, Handlin S, Gaskie V, Lam DMK. The production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against enkephalins. Neurochem Int 1985; 7:455-66. [DOI: 10.1016/0197-0186(85)90169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/1984] [Accepted: 10/15/1984] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
9
|
|