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Lee D, Frey GC, Cothran DJ, Harezlak J, Shih PC. Concordance Between Accelerometer-Measured and Self-Reported Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in Adults with Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:1517-1526. [PMID: 36637594 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the concordance between accelerometry-measured and self-reported physical activity (PA) and sedentary time in adults with autism. Twenty-four participants wore an ActiGraph GT3X + accelerometer for seven consecutive days and completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) on the last day of their study participation. Bland-Altman plots assessed the magnitude of agreement between the two measures. Nearly 80% of the participants accumulated the recommended ≥ 150 min of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA)/week, but were also sedentary for over nine hours/day according to accelerometry data. Findings showed that adults with autism tended to overreport MVPA (b = 1.606, p < 0.01) and underreport sedentary time (b = 1.161, p = 0.03) via the IPAQ-SF, as compared to objective measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehyoung Lee
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Minnesota Duluth, MN, Duluth, USA.
| | - Georgia C Frey
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Patrick C Shih
- Department of Informatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Cothran DJ, Kulinna PH. "He's a little skinny and he's a little wide.": a mixed design investigation of American Indian student perceptions of healthy bodies. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:239. [PMID: 36737762 PMCID: PMC9896662 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood is a critical developmental time of wellness patterns, yet little is known about what children know and believe. Even less is known about non-majority cultures like American Indian youth. The purpose of this study was to explore American Indian students' understandings of nutrition and physical activity. METHODS This mixed methods study took place in 10 schools in an American Indian community in the Southwestern U.S. Ninety American Indian students in grades 3-12 (8-19 years old) were interviewed. The interview included an 8-point body size chart. Numerical data were analyzed via t-test statistics while a constant comparison process and analysis was used for the interview data. RESULTS Students rated approximately 85% of students in Category 5 or smaller on the scale while placing 60% of adults at or above that size. There was a general trend of a larger body type for boys seen as healthy compared to that for girls. Students generally believed that their classmates were larger than the healthy body size. For students, a healthy body was the result of compliance with "eat right and exercise" rules. They exhibited little understanding of nutrition or physical activity and there were few developmental differences in understanding. Health was a corporeal concept and violators of the eat right and exercise rules were seen as lazy. CONCLUSIONS Students held narrow and corporeal focused notions of health focused on simple rules. People who violated the rules were "lazy", a concept that seemed to underlie multiple constructs and a finding that holds true in other investigations. Students also reported few adult role models, a topic that should be explored with expanded family groups to better represent the multi-generational (e.g. grandparents, uncles, aunts) family housing common in the community. The findings are limited to a single American Indian community and a mixed design of relatively small numbers. This addition to the literature from a non-majority cultural group expands our knowledge of student perspectives on health. These findings can be used to create more effective curricula and interventions. Schools need more effective, but also alternately framed approaches that promote broader views of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donetta J. Cothran
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XSchool of Public Health, Indiana University, 1025 East 7th Street, 47405 Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Pamela Hodges Kulinna
- grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636Arizona State University, 7271 E. Sonoran Arroyo Mall Santa Catalina Hall Rm. 330Q, 85212 Mesa, AZ USA
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Lee D, Frey GC, Cothran DJ, Harezlak J, Shih PC. Effects of A Gamified, Behavior Change Techniques-Based Mobile Application on Increasing Physical Activity and Reducing Anxiety in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Preliminary Study (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2021; 6:e35701. [PMID: 35900808 PMCID: PMC9377470 DOI: 10.2196/35701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daehyoung Lee
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Georgia C Frey
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Donetta J Cothran
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Patrick C Shih
- Department of Informatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
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Lee D, Frey GC, Cothran DJ, Harezlak J, Shih PC. A Gamified Mobile App For Increasing Physical Activity And Reducing Anxiety In Adults With Autism. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000761740.96714.0e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Frey GC, Lee D, Cothran DJ, Harezlak J, Shih PC. Concordance Between Accelerometer-derived And Self-reported Physical Activity And Sedentary Time In Adults With Autism. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000761492.33805.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bevilacqua Z, Cothran DJ, Rettke DJ, Koceja DM, Nelson-Laird TF, Kawata K. Educator perspectives on concussion management in the college classroom: a grounded theory introduction to collegiate return-to-learn. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044487. [PMID: 33879486 PMCID: PMC8061863 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To gather the perspectives of collegiate instructors regarding how concussion is managed within the college classroom. To introduce the themes surrounding collegiate return-to-learn (RTL) and the classroom management of students with concussion. DESIGN Qualitative grounded theory. SETTING Large, public university in the Midwest. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-three college instructors participated in a private, semistructured, audio-recorded, one-on-one interview. Participants included 12 males and 11 females. Interview recordings were transcribed verbatim, followed by an iterative process of open-coding and axial-coding, performed by two researchers. RESULTS Three themes emerged from the coded data: (1) awareness-external knowledge of concussion and previous experiences, (2) legitimacy-medical note provided and no note provided and (3) accommodating the student-instructor's role and feasibility of the accommodation. Psychosocial factors such as small class sizes, graduate-level students and an instructor's empathy appeared to influence an instructor's decision making when accommodating a student recovering from concussion. CONCLUSION These novel data provide foundational evidence regarding how college instructors perceive and subsequently manage concussion within the classroom, while also offering accuracy to aims of subsequent collegiate RTL investigations ARTICLE SUMMARY: RTL is an emerging field within concussion management, yet is grossly underexplored within the college setting. By utilising a grounded theory approach, this article introduces the themes that dictate the landscape of RTL for a college student.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Bevilacqua
- Kinesiology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Exercise Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Donetta J Cothran
- Kinesiology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Devin J Rettke
- Kinesiology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - David M Koceja
- Kinesiology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Keisuke Kawata
- Kinesiology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Lee D, Frey GC, Min A, Kim B, Cothran DJ, Bellini S, Han K, Shih PC. Usability inquiry of a gamified behavior change app for increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder. Health Informatics J 2020; 26:2992-3008. [PMID: 32951500 DOI: 10.1177/1460458220952909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to conduct the first usability inquiry of a gamified, behavior change theory-guided mobile app PuzzleWalk for increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Eighteen adults with and without ASD participated in a mixed-methods study that consisted of cognitive walkthrough, system usability assessment, and qualitative interviews. The results of the system usability testing indicated satisfactory quality of the PuzzleWalk system that can be readily applicable to both adults with and without ASD. Several notable issues were identified from the qualitative interviews that address critical insights into unique health and social needs in adults with ASD. Future work is warranted to examine the long-term effects of the PuzzleWalk system on increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior in adults with and without ASD in real-world settings.
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Lee D, Shih PC, Kim B, Han K, Min A, Cothran DJ, Bellini S, Frey GC. Objectively Measured Physical Activity And Sedentary Time In Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000676752.92687.0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine students' reports of misbehavior in physical education class. Secondary school participants (N = 2,309) completed a previously validated instrument designed to measure students' reports of 59 student behaviors occurring in classes that might affect class management (e.g., from talking to bringing weapons to class). Three-way repeated measures analysis of variance results suggested that students' reports of misbehaviors occurring in physical education classes differed by gender, grade level, and ethnic background. Chi-square results also suggested there were differences in participants' views about why students misbehave by gender, grade level, and environment. Descriptive findings indicated most student misbehaviors were mild and moderate in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donetta J Cothran
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation at Indiana University, Bloomington 47405, USA.
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Cothran DJ, McCaughtry N, Kulinna PH, Martin J. Top‐down public health curricular change: the experience of physical education teachers in the United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/13674580601024556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Classroom management, and, more specifically, the management of student behavior, is an essential skill for and central concern of physical education teachers. Surprisingly little information is known, however about the specific nature of student behaviors that might negatively affect the class environment. The purpose of this study was to examine teachers' reports of student behaviors that may create management issues in physical education classes. Over 300 teachers representing a range of grade levels and school contexts completed a survey related to the frequency of potentially negative student behaviors. Many types of misbehaviors were reported, but the most common were mild. Teachers' reports varied by sex, years of teaching experience, and school context.
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Cothran DJ, Hodges Kulinna P, Banville D, Choi E, Amade-Escot C, MacPhail A, Macdonald D, Richard JF, Sarmento P, Kirk D. A cross-cultural investigation of the use of teaching styles. Res Q Exerc Sport 2005; 76:193-201. [PMID: 16128486 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2005.10599280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Teacher beliefs are a major influence on teacher actions. Because context influences beliefs, it was the purpose of this study to explore teachers' beliefs about Mosston's Spectrum of Teaching Styles from an international perspective. Over 1,400 teachers from 7 countries completed a survey related to their self-reported use of and beliefs about various teaching styles. Data suggested a shared core of reproduction teaching style use. The use of and beliefs about the production styles of teaching were more varied. Teachers' use of styles was significantly related to their beliefs about the styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donetta J Cothran
- Department of Kinesiology at Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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