Dynamic Lymphocyte Changes Following Transarterial Radioembolization: Association with Normal Liver Dose and Effect on Overall Survival

Objective

To evaluate the dynamic changes of lymphocytes following transarterial radioembolization (TARE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their relationship to normal liver dose (NLD).

Materials and Methods

A total of 93 patients who underwent 102 treatments were retrospectively reviewed. Absolute lymphocyte counts pretreatment and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were evaluated. Kaplan–Meier, Spearman correlation, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and area under the curve (AUC) analyses were performed.

Results

The mean absolute lymphocyte count at baseline was 1.25 ± 0.79 10³/µL which was significantly greater than 1 (0.71 ± 0.47 10³/µL, p<0.0001), 3 (0.79 ± 0.77 10³/µL, p=0.0003), and 6 (0.81 ± 0.44 10³/µL, p=0.0001) months, but not significantly different than 12 (0.92 ± 0.8 10³/µL, p=0.12) months post treatment. There was a modest negative correlation between NLD and lymphocyte count at 1 month (rho= −0.216, p=0.03), which strengthened at 3 months post treatment (rho= −0.342, p=0.008). AUC of ROC analysis between absolute lymphocyte count ≤1 10³/µL or >1 10³/µL at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post treatment was 0.625, 0.676, 0.560, and 0.794, respectively. Univariate analysis of overall survival when separating patients by a lymphocyte count of ≤1 10³/µL and >1 10³/µL demonstrated a significant difference at 1 (HR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.33–0.95, p=0.03), 3 (HR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18–0.94, p=0.035) and 6 (HR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.17–0.77, p=0.008) months post treatment, but not pretreatment or at 12 months.

Conclusion

NLD may correlate with lymphocyte depression at 1 and 3 months and lymphopenia may portend a worse overall survival in the post treatment setting.

Inflammatory Scores: Comparison and Utility in HCC Patients Undergoing Transarterial Chemoembolization in a North American Cohort

BACKGROUND

The purpose of this study is to determine and compare the ability of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), aspartate-aminotransferase-to-lymphocyte ratio (ALRI), systemic-inflammation index (SII) and lymphocyte count to predict oncologic outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A single-center retrospective review of 296 patients who were treated for 457 HCCs was performed. Pre- and post-treatment laboratory and treatment outcome variables were collected. Objective radiologic response (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. Patients were categorized into above and below median scores and compared.

RESULTS

The median pretreatment NLR, PLR, ALRI, SII, and lymphocyte count were 2.7 (range: 0.4-55), 88.3 (range: 0.1-840), 71.8 (range: 0.1-910), 238.1 (range: 0.1-5150.8), and 1 (range: 0.1-5.2) 103/µL, respectively. Patients with above median ALRI scores were less likely to achieve an ORR as compared to those with below median ALRI values (132 (132/163, 81%) vs 150 (150/163, 92%), p = 0.004). On univariate analysis, patients with above median pretreatment NLR (HR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.09-1.83, p = 0.01) and below median lymphocyte count (HR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.53-0.92, p = 0.01) had significantly worse PFS. The relationship between PFS and NLR (p = 0.08) as well as lymphocytes (p = 0.20) no longer remained on multivariate analysis. On univariate analysis, below median pretreatment NLR (HR 1.72, 95% CI: 1.2-2.45, p = 0.003) and ALRI (HR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.05-2.2); p = 0.03) as well as above median lymphocyte count (HR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34-0.7, p < 0.0001) were associated with improved OS. The significant relationship between lymphocytes and OS remained on multivariate analysis (HR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.28-0.9, p = 0.02), but the relationship with NLR (p = 0.94) did not persist.

CONCLUSION

NLR is predictive of PFS and OS in patients with HCC undergoing TACE and may be superior to other inflammatory scores (PLR, ALRI, and SII) in this setting. However, lymphocyte count may be most predictive of OS.