1
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Mutanwad KV, Debreczeny M, Lucyshyn D. Root Hair Imaging Using Confocal Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2787:81-94. [PMID: 38656483 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3778-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Plant genetics plays a key role in determining root hair initiation and development. A complex network of genetic interactions therefore closely monitors and influences root hair phenotype and morphology. The significance of these genes can be studied by employing, for instance, loss-of-function mutants, overexpression plant lines, and fluorescently labeled constructs. Confocal laser scanning microscopy is a great tool to visually observe and document these morphological features. This chapter elaborates the techniques involved in handling of microscopic setup to acquire images displaying root hair distribution along the fully elongated zone of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Additionally, we illustrate an approach to visualize early fate determination of epidermal cells in the root apical meristem, by describing a method for imaging YFP tagged transgenic plant lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Vasant Mutanwad
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Debreczeny
- Core Facility Multiscale Imaging, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Lucyshyn
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Abstract
O-linked modification of nuclear and cytosolic proteins with monosaccharides is essential in all eukaryotes. While many aspects of this post-translational modification are highly conserved, there are striking differences between plants and the animal kingdom. In animals, dynamic cycling of O-GlcNAc is established by two essential single copy enzymes, the O-GlcNAc transferase OGT and O-GlcNAc hydrolase OGA. In contrast, plants balance O-GlcNAc with O-fucose modifications, catalyzed by the OGT SECRET AGENT (SEC) and the protein O-fucosyltransferase (POFUT) SPINDLY (SPY). However, specific glycoside hydrolases for either of the two modifications have not yet been identified. Nucleocytoplasmic O-glycosylation is still not very well understood in plants, even though a high number of proteins were found to be affected. One important open question is how specificity is established in a system where only two enzymes modify hundreds of proteins. Here, we discuss the possibility that O-GlcNAc- and O-fucose-binding proteins could introduce an additional flexible layer of regulation in O-glycosylation-mediated signaling pathways, with the potential of integrating internal or external signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Vasant Mutanwad
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Plant Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Lucyshyn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Plant Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Béziat C, Barbez E, Feraru MI, Lucyshyn D, Kleine-Vehn J. Author Correction: Light triggers PILS-dependent reduction in nuclear auxin signalling for growth transition. Nat Plants 2021; 7:706. [PMID: 33947986 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-021-00924-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Béziat
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Elke Barbez
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Mugurel I Feraru
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Lucyshyn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Gent, Belgium.
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4
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Benjamins R, Barbez E, Ortbauer M, Terpstra I, Lucyshyn D, Moulinier-Anzola J, Khan MA, Leitner J, Malenica N, Butt H, Korbei B, Scheres B, Kleine-Vehn J, Luschnig C. Retraction Note: PPP1, a plant-specific regulator of transcription controls Arabidopsis development and PIN expression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8131. [PMID: 33833351 PMCID: PMC8032828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Editor's Note: this Article has been retracted; the Retraction Note is available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87406-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Benjamins
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria. .,Plant Developmental Biology, Wageningen University Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,Syngenta Seeds B.V., Westeinde 62, 1601 BK, Enkhuizen, The Netherlands.
| | - Elke Barbez
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria.,Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Ortbauer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria
| | - Inez Terpstra
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Doris Lucyshyn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria
| | - Jeanette Moulinier-Anzola
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria
| | - Muhammad Asaf Khan
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria.,Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology (BNB), Government College University, Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Johannes Leitner
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria
| | - Nenad Malenica
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria.,Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Haroon Butt
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria
| | - Barbara Korbei
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria
| | - Ben Scheres
- Plant Developmental Biology, Wageningen University Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria
| | - Christian Luschnig
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria.
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5
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Fuchs A, Riegler S, Ayatollahi Z, Cavallari N, Giono LE, Nimeth BA, Mutanwad KV, Schweighofer A, Lucyshyn D, Barta A, Petrillo E, Kalyna M. Targeting alternative splicing by RNAi: from the differential impact on splice variants to triggering artificial pre-mRNA splicing. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:1133-1151. [PMID: 33406240 PMCID: PMC7826280 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing generates multiple transcript and protein isoforms from a single gene and controls transcript intracellular localization and stability by coupling to mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). RNA interference (RNAi) is a potent mechanism to modulate gene expression. However, its interactions with alternative splicing are poorly understood. We used artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs, also termed shRNAmiR) to knockdown all splice variants of selected target genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that splice variants, which vary by their protein-coding capacity, subcellular localization and sensitivity to NMD, are affected differentially by an amiRNA, although all of them contain the target site. Particular transcript isoforms escape amiRNA-mediated degradation due to their nuclear localization. The nuclear and NMD-sensitive isoforms mask RNAi action in alternatively spliced genes. Interestingly, Arabidopsis SPL genes, which undergo alternative splicing and are targets of miR156, are regulated in the same manner. Moreover, similar results were obtained in mammalian cells using siRNAs, indicating cross-kingdom conservation of these interactions among RNAi and splicing isoforms. Furthermore, we report that amiRNA can trigger artificial alternative splicing, thus expanding the RNAi functional repertoire. Our findings unveil novel interactions between different post-transcriptional processes in defining transcript fates and regulating gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Fuchs
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Stefan Riegler
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria.,Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Zahra Ayatollahi
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Nicola Cavallari
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Luciana E Giono
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Barbara A Nimeth
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Krishna V Mutanwad
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | | | - Doris Lucyshyn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Andrea Barta
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Ezequiel Petrillo
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Kalyna
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna 1190, Austria
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6
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Mutanwad KV, Zangl I, Lucyshyn D. The Arabidopsis O-fucosyltransferase SPINDLY regulates root hair patterning independently of gibberellin signaling. Development 2020; 147:dev.192039. [PMID: 32928908 PMCID: PMC7567127 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Root hairs are able to sense soil composition and play an important role in water and nutrient uptake. In Arabidopsis thaliana, root hairs are distributed in the epidermis in a specific pattern, regularly alternating with non-root hair cells in continuous cell files. This patterning is regulated by internal factors such as a number of hormones, as well as by external factors like nutrient availability. Thus, root hair patterning is an excellent model for studying the plasticity of cell fate determination in response to environmental changes. Here, we report that loss-of-function mutants for the Protein O-fucosyltransferase SPINDLY (SPY) show defects in root hair patterning. Using transcriptional reporters, we show that patterning in spy-22 is affected upstream of GLABRA2 (GL2) and WEREWOLF (WER). O-fucosylation of nuclear and cytosolic proteins is an important post-translational modification that is still not very well understood. So far, SPY is best characterized for its role in gibberellin signaling via fucosylation of the growth-repressing DELLA protein REPRESSOR OF ga1-3 (RGA). Our data suggest that the epidermal patterning defects in spy-22 are independent of RGA and gibberellin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Vasant Mutanwad
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Zangl
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Lucyshyn
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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7
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Lau OS, Song Z, Zhou Z, Davies KA, Chang J, Yang X, Wang S, Lucyshyn D, Tay IHZ, Wigge PA, Bergmann DC. Direct Control of SPEECHLESS by PIF4 in the High-Temperature Response of Stomatal Development. Curr Biol 2018; 28:1273-1280.e3. [PMID: 29628371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors shape the phenotypes of multicellular organisms. The production of stomata-the epidermal pores required for gas exchange in plants-is highly plastic and provides a powerful platform to address environmental influence on cell differentiation [1-3]. Rising temperatures are already impacting plant growth, a trend expected to worsen in the near future [4]. High temperature inhibits stomatal production, but the underlying mechanism is not known [5]. Here, we show that elevated temperature suppresses the expression of SPEECHLESS (SPCH), the basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that serves as the master regulator of stomatal lineage initiation [6, 7]. Our genetic and expression analyses indicate that the suppression of SPCH and stomatal production is mediated by the bHLH transcription factor PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4), a core component of high-temperature signaling [8]. Importantly, we demonstrate that, upon exposure to high temperature, PIF4 accumulates in the stomatal precursors and binds to the promoter of SPCH. In addition, we find SPCH feeds back negatively to the PIF4 gene. We propose a model where warm-temperature-activated PIF4 binds and represses SPCH expression to restrict stomatal production at elevated temperatures. Our work identifies a molecular link connecting high-temperature signaling and stomatal development and reveals a direct mechanism by which production of a specific cell lineage can be controlled by a broadly expressed environmental signaling factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- On Sun Lau
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Zhuojun Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zimin Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Kelli A Davies
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jessica Chang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shenqi Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Doris Lucyshyn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Irene Hui Zhuang Tay
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Philip A Wigge
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Dominique C Bergmann
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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8
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Béziat C, Barbez E, Feraru MI, Lucyshyn D, Kleine-Vehn J. Light triggers PILS-dependent reduction in nuclear auxin signalling for growth transition. Nat Plants 2017; 3:17105. [PMID: 28714973 PMCID: PMC5524181 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2017.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin induces or represses growth depending on its concentration and the underlying tissue type. However, it remains unknown how auxin signalling is modulated to allow tissues transiting between repression and promotion of growth. Here, we used apical hook development as a model for growth transitions in plants. A PIN-FORMED (PIN)-dependent intercellular auxin transport module defines an auxin maximum that is causal for growth repression during the formation of the apical hook. Our data illustrate that growth transition for apical hook opening is largely independent of this PIN module, but requires the PIN-LIKES (PILS) putative auxin carriers at the endoplasmic reticulum. PILS proteins reduce nuclear auxin signalling in the apical hook, leading to the de-repression of growth and the onset of hook opening. We also show that the phytochrome (phy) B-reliant light-signalling pathway directly regulates PILS gene activity, thereby enabling light perception to repress nuclear auxin signalling and to control growth. We propose a novel mechanism, in which PILS proteins allow external signals to alter tissue sensitivity to auxin, defining differential growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Béziat
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Elke Barbez
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Mugurel I. Feraru
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Lucyshyn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Correspondence should be addressed to Jürgen Kleine-Vehn ()
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9
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Abstract
Plant hormone signaling involves complex transcriptional networks, where transcription factors orchestrate the control of specific gene expression. These networks include cross talk between hormone signaling pathways, and the integration of environmental signals and the developmental program. Understanding how particular transcription factors respond and integrate specific signals is crucial in order to understand the basic mechanisms of hormonal signaling and cross talk. Studying transcription factor binding at specific genomic loci by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is therefore a valuable technique in order to analyze transcriptional regulation. The method is based on cross-linking proteins to DNA, the isolation of chromatin, and immunoprecipitation of a transcription factor of interest. The attached DNA is then recovered and analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR in order to establish binding sites of the respective transcription factor. Here, we present a relatively simple and short protocol for ChIP on single loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vinod Kumar
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Doris Lucyshyn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Leitner J, Retzer K, Malenica N, Bartkeviciute R, Lucyshyn D, Jäger G, Korbei B, Byström A, Luschnig C. Meta-regulation of Arabidopsis auxin responses depends on tRNA maturation. Cell Rep 2015; 11:516-26. [PMID: 25892242 PMCID: PMC4416960 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polar transport of the phytohormone auxin throughout plants shapes morphogenesis and is subject to stringent and specific control. Here, we identify basic cellular activities connected to translational control of gene expression as sufficient to specify auxin-mediated development. Mutants in subunits of Arabidopsis Elongator, a protein complex modulating translational efficiency via maturation of tRNAs, exhibit defects in auxin-controlled developmental processes, associated with reduced abundance of PIN-formed (PIN) auxin transport proteins. Similar anomalies are observed upon interference with tRNA splicing by downregulation of RNA ligase (AtRNL), pointing to a general role of tRNA maturation in auxin signaling. Elongator Protein 6 (ELP6) and AtRNL expression patterns underline an involvement in adjusting PIN protein levels, whereas rescue of mutant defects by auxin indicates rate-limiting activities in auxin-controlled organogenesis. This emphasizes mechanisms in which auxin serves as a bottleneck for plant morphogenesis, translating common cellular activities into defined developmental readouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Leitner
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Retzer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Nenad Malenica
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Rasa Bartkeviciute
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Doris Lucyshyn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Gunilla Jäger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Barbara Korbei
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Anders Byström
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christian Luschnig
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria.
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11
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Korbei B, Moulinier-Anzola J, De-Araujo L, Lucyshyn D, Retzer K, Khan M, Luschnig C. Arabidopsis TOL Proteins Act as Gatekeepers for Vacuolar Sorting of PIN2 Plasma Membrane Protein. Curr Biol 2013; 23:2500-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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12
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Kumar SV, Lucyshyn D, Jaeger KE, Alós E, Alvey E, Harberd NP, Wigge PA. Transcription factor PIF4 controls the thermosensory activation of flowering. Nature 2012; 484:242-245. [PMID: 22437497 PMCID: PMC4972390 DOI: 10.1038/nature10928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Vinod Kumar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Doris Lucyshyn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Katja E Jaeger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Enriqueta Alós
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Elizabeth Alvey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Nicholas P Harberd
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.,Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Philip A Wigge
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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13
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Abolmaali S, Mitterbauer R, Spadiut O, Peruci M, Weindorfer H, Lucyshyn D, Ellersdorfer G, Lemmens M, Moll WD, Adam G. Engineered bakers yeast as a sensitive bioassay indicator organism for the trichothecene toxin deoxynivalenol. J Microbiol Methods 2008; 72:306-12. [PMID: 18243380 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Revised: 12/22/2007] [Accepted: 12/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to increase the sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae towards trichothecene toxins, in particular to deoxynivalenol (DON), in order to improve the utility of this yeast as a bioassay indicator organism. We report the construction of a strain with inactivated genes (PDR5, PDR10, PDR15) encoding ABC transporter proteins with specificity for the trichothecene deoxynivalenol, with inactivated AYT1 (encoding a trichothecene-3-O-acetyltransferase), and inactivated UBI4 and UBP6 genes. Inactivation of the stress inducible polyubiquitin gene UBI4 or the ubiquitin protease UBP6 increased DON sensitivity, the inactivation of both genes had a synergistic effect. The resulting pdr5 pdr10 pdr15 ayt1 ubp6 ubi4 mutant strain showed 50% growth inhibition at a DON concentration of 5 mg/l under optimal conditions. The development of a simple two step assay for microbial DON degradation in 96 well microtiter format and its testing with the DON detoxifying bacterium BBSH 797 is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsozoha Abolmaali
- University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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14
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Lucyshyn D, Busch BL, Abolmaali S, Steiner B, Chandler E, Sanjarian F, Mousavi A, Nicholson P, Buerstmayr H, Adam G. Cloning and characterization of the ribosomal protein L3 (RPL3) gene family from Triticum aestivum. Mol Genet Genomics 2007; 277:507-17. [PMID: 17216491 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-006-0201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Revised: 12/10/2006] [Accepted: 12/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium can cause severe diseases on small grain cereals and maize. The contamination of harvested grain with Fusarium mycotoxins is a threat to human and animal health. In wheat production of the toxin deoxynivalenol (DON), which inhibits eukaryotic protein biosynthesis, is a virulence factor of Fusarium, and resistance against DON is considered to be part of Fusarium resistance. Previously, single amino acid changes in RPL3 (ribosomal protein L3) conferring DON resistance have been described in yeast. The goal of this work was to characterize the RPL3 gene family from wheat and to investigate the potential role of naturally existing RPL3 alleles in DON resistance by comparing Fusarium-resistant and susceptible cultivars. The gene family consists of three homoeologous alleles of both RPL3A and RPL3B, which are located on chromosomes 4A (RPL3-B2), 4B (RPL3-B1), 4D (RPL3-B3), 5A (RPL3-A3), 5B (RPL3-A2) and 5D (RPL3-A1). Alternative splicing was detected in the TaRPL3-A2 gene. Sequence comparison revealed no amino acid differences between cultivars differing in Fusarium resistance. While using developed SNP markers we nevertheless found that one of the genes, namely, TaRPL3-A3 mapped close to a Fusarium resistance QTL (Qfhs.ifa-5A). The potential role of the RPL3 gene family in DON resistance of wheat is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Lucyshyn
- Institute of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Department of Applied Plant Sciences and Plant Biotechnology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Poppenberger B, Berthiller F, Bachmann H, Lucyshyn D, Peterbauer C, Mitterbauer R, Schuhmacher R, Krska R, Glössl J, Adam G. Heterologous expression of Arabidopsis UDP-glucosyltransferases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for production of zearalenone-4-O-glucoside. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:4404-10. [PMID: 16751557 PMCID: PMC1489669 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02544-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2005] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone, a secondary metabolite produced by several plant-pathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium, has high estrogenic activity in vertebrates. We developed a Saccharomyces cerevisiae bioassay strain that we used to identify plant genes encoding UDP-glucosyltransferases that can convert zearalenone into zearalenone-4-O-glucoside (ZON-4-O-Glc). Attachment of the glucose moiety to zearalenone prevented the interaction of the mycotoxin with the human estrogen receptor. We found that two of six clustered, similar UGT73C genes of Arabidopsis thaliana encode glucosyltransferases that can inactivate zearalenone in the yeast bioassay. The formation of glucose conjugates seems to be an important plant mechanism for coping with zearalenone but may result in significant amounts of "masked" zearalenone in Fusarium-infected plant products. Due to the unavailability of an analytical standard, the ZON-4-O-Glc is not measured in routine analytical procedures, even though it can be converted back to active zearalenone in the digestive tracts of animals. Zearalenone added to yeast transformed with UGT73C6 was converted rapidly and efficiently to ZON-4-O-Glc, suggesting that the cloned UDP-glucosyltransferase could be used to produce reference glucosides of zearalenone and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Poppenberger
- Institute of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Department of Applied Plant Sciences and Plant Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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16
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Mitterbauer R, Poppenberger B, Raditschnig A, Lucyshyn D, Lemmens M, Glössl J, Adam G. Toxin-dependent utilization of engineered ribosomal protein L3 limits trichothecene resistance in transgenic plants. Plant Biotechnol J 2004; 2:329-40. [PMID: 17134394 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2004.00075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of agricultural products with Fusarium mycotoxins is a problem of world-wide importance. Fusarium graminearum and related species, which are important pathogens of small grain cereals and maize, produce an economically important and structurally diverse class of toxins designated trichothecenes. Trichothecenes inhibit eukaryotic protein synthesis. Therefore, a proposed role for these fungal toxins in plant disease development is to block or delay the expression of defence-related proteins induced by the plant. Using yeast as a model system, we have identified several mutations in the gene encoding ribosomal protein L3 (Rpl3), which confer semi-dominant resistance to trichothecenes. Expression of an engineered tomato RPL3 (LeRPL3) cDNA, into which one of the amino acid changes identified in yeast was introduced, improved the ability of transgenic tobacco plants to adapt to the trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON), but did not result in constitutive resistance. We show here that, in the presence of wild-type Rpl3 protein, the engineered Rpl3 protein is not utilized, unless yeast transformants or the transgenic plants are challenged with sublethal amounts of toxin. Our data from yeast two-hybrid experiments suggest that affinity for the ribosome assembly factor Rrb1p could be altered by the toxin resistance-conferring mutation. This toxin-dependent utilization of the resistance-conferring Rpl3 protein could seriously limit efforts to utilize the identified target alterations in transgenic crops to increase trichothecene tolerance and Fusarium resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Mitterbauer
- Institute of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Department of Applied Plant Sciences and Plant Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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17
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Poppenberger B, Berthiller F, Lucyshyn D, Sieberer T, Schuhmacher R, Krska R, Kuchler K, Glössl J, Luschnig C, Adam G. Detoxification of the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol by a UDP-glucosyltransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:47905-14. [PMID: 12970342 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m307552200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium cause agriculturally important diseases of small grain cereals and maize. Trichothecenes are a class of mycotoxins produced by different Fusarium species that inhibit eukaryotic protein biosynthesis and presumably interfere with the expression of genes induced during the defense response of the plants. One of its members, deoxynivalenol, most likely acts as a virulence factor during fungal pathogenesis and frequently accumulates in grain to levels posing a threat to human and animal health. We report the isolation and characterization of a gene from Arabidopsis thaliana encoding a UDP-glycosyltransferase that is able to detoxify deoxynivalenol. The enzyme, previously assigned the identifier UGT73C5, catalyzes the transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose to the hydroxyl group at carbon 3 of deoxynivalenol. Using a wheat germ extract-coupled transcription/translation system we have shown that this enzymatic reaction inactivates the mycotoxin. This deoxynivalenol-glucosyltransferase (DOGT1) was also found to detoxify the acetylated derivative 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, whereas no protective activity was observed against the structurally similar nivalenol. Expression of the glucosyltransferase is developmentally regulated and induced by deoxynivalenol as well as salicylic acid, ethylene, and jasmonic acid. Constitutive overexpression in Arabidopsis leads to enhanced tolerance against deoxynivalenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Poppenberger
- Center of Applied Genetics, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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