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Badaoui B, Sadki K, Talbi C, Salah D, Tazi L. Genetic diversity and genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Morocco. Biosaf Health 2021; 3:124-127. [PMID: 33558859 PMCID: PMC7857134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), declared as a pandemic due to its rapid spread worldwide. In this study, we investigate the genetic diversity and genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2, using 22 virus genome sequences reported by three different laboratories in Morocco till June 7,2020, as well as 40,366 virus genomes from all around the world. The SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Moroccan patients revealed 62 mutations, of which 30 were mis-sense mutations. The mutations Spike_D614G and NSP12_P323L were present in all the 22 analyzed sequences, followed by N_G204R and N_R203K, which occurred in 9 among the 22 sequences. The mutations NSP10_R134S, NSP15_D335N, NSP16_I169L, NSP3_L431H, NSP3_P1292L and Spike_V6F occurred once in Moroccan sequences, with no record in other sequences worldwide. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Moroccan SARS-CoV-2 genomes included 9 viruses belonging to Clade 20A, 9 to Clade 20B and 2 to Clade 20C, suggesting that the epidemic spread in Morocco did not display a predominant SARS-CoV-2 route. Therefore, multiple and unrelated introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into Morocco through different routes have occurred, giving rise to the diversity of virus genomes in the country. Further, in all probability, the SARS-CoV-2 circulated in a cryptic way in Morocco, starting from January 15, 2020 before the first case was officially discovered on March 2, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khalid Sadki
- Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Chouhra Talbi
- Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Driss Salah
- Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Lina Tazi
- Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed V University in Rabat, Morocco
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Soltana H, Pinon A, Limami Y, Zaid Y, Khalki L, Zaid N, Salah D, Sabitaliyevich UY, Simon A, Liagre B, Hammami M. Antitumoral activity of Ficus carica L. on colorectal cancer cell lines. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2019; 65:6-11. [PMID: 31472041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In traditional medicine, Ficus carica (also known as fig) latex is recognized as a remedy with various therapeutic effects. In the present study we investigated the antitumor activity of Ficus carica extracts and latex. We evaluated the effects of increasing concentrations of Ficus carica extracts and latex on HCT-116 and HT-29 human colorectal cell proliferation using MTT assay and apoptosis induction by evaluating PARP cleavage by Western blot analysis. Peel, pulp, leaves, whole fruit and latex extracts of Ficus carica exerted significant antiproliferative effects on HCT-116 (IC50 values 239, 343, 177, 299, 206 µg/ml) and HT-29 cells (IC50 values 207, 249, 230, 261, 182 µg/ml) after 48h of treatment. Furthermore, treatment with different extracts of Ficus carica induced apoptosis in both HT-29 and HCT-116 cancer cells. Leaves and latex extracts of Ficus carica showed the strongest antiproliferative activities. Overall, our results showed that these natural products are strong apoptosis inducers which suggest their use of for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Soltana
- Biochemistry Laboratory, LR12ES05 "Nutrition- Functional Foods and vascular Health", Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Aline Pinon
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Limoges, FR 3503 GEIST, EA 1069, Limoges, France
| | - Youness Limami
- Research Center of Abulcasis University of Health Sciences, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Younes Zaid
- Research Center of Abulcasis University of Health Sciences, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Loubna Khalki
- Research Center, Mohammed VI University for Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nabil Zaid
- Department of biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Driss Salah
- Department of biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Alain Simon
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Limoges, FR 3503 GEIST, EA 1069, Limoges, France
| | - Bertrand Liagre
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Limoges, FR 3503 GEIST, EA 1069, Limoges, France
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Biochemistry Laboratory, LR12ES05 "Nutrition- Functional Foods and vascular Health", Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Soltana H, Pinon A, Limami Y, Zaid Y, Khalki L, Zaid N, Salah D, Sabitaliyevich UY, Simon A, Liagre B, Hammami M. Antitumoral activity of Ficus carica L. on colorectal cancer cell lines. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2019. [DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2019.65.6.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Achab YE, Berraho M, Khalis AM, Benslimane A, Salah D, Chikri M, Nejjari C. Facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires chez les diabétiques de type 2 au Maroc : étude cas-témoin. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2014.05.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Cauchi S, Ezzidi I, El Achhab Y, Mtiraoui N, Chaieb L, Salah D, Nejjari C, Labrune Y, Yengo L, Beury D, Vaxillaire M, Mahjoub T, Chikri M, Froguel P. European genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes in North African Arabs. Diabetes Metab 2012; 38:316-23. [PMID: 22463974 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and previous approaches have identified many genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in populations of European descent, but their contribution in Arab populations from North Africa is unknown. Our study aimed to validate these markers and to assess their combined effects, using large case-control studies of Moroccan and Tunisian individuals. METHODS Overall, 44 polymorphisms, located at 37 validated European loci, were first analyzed in 1055 normoglycaemic controls and 1193 T2D cases from Morocco. Associations and trends were then assessed in 942 normoglycaemic controls and 1446 T2D cases from Tunisia. Finally, their ability to discriminate cases from controls was evaluated. RESULTS Carrying a genetic variant in BCL11A, ADAMTS9, IGF2BP2, WFS1, CDKAL1, TP53INP1, CDKN2A/B, TCF7L2, KCNQ1, HNF1A, FTO, MC4R and GCK increased the risk of T2D when assessing the Moroccan and Tunisian samples together. Each additional risk allele increased the susceptibility for developing the disease by 12% (P = 9.0 × 10(-9)). Genotype information for 13 polymorphisms slightly improved the classification of North Africans with and without T2D, as assessed by clinical parameters, with an increase in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve from 0.64 to 0.67 (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION In addition to TCF7L2, 12 additional loci were found to be shared between Europeans and North African Arabs. As for Europeans, the reliability of genetic testing based on these markers to determine the risk for T2D is low. More genome-wide studies, including next-generation sequencing, in North African populations are needed to identify the genetic variants responsible for ethnic disparities in T2D susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cauchi
- CNRS UMR 8199, Genomics and Metabolic Diseases, Lille, France
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Sass C, Zannad F, Herbeth B, Salah D, Chapet O, Siest G, Visvikis S. Apolipoprotein E4, lipoprotein lipase C447 and angiotensin-I converting enzyme deletion alleles were not associated with increased wall thickness of carotid and femoral arteries in healthy subjects from the Stanislas cohort. Atherosclerosis 1998; 140:89-95. [PMID: 9733219 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(98)00120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown contrasting results concerning the relation between carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and apolipoprotein E (apo E) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphisms. Subjects, 76 men and 74 women, between 33 and 50 years, without any history of cardiovascular disease and without any anti-hypertensive or lipid lowering medication were selected from the Stanislas cohort. The IMT of carotid and femoral arteries were investigated by B-mode ultrasonography. The common apo E, (C/G)447 lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and I/D ACE gene polymorphisms and serum ACE activity were determined. In the overall sample, male sex, age, systolic blood pressure, BMI, serum apo B level and tobacco consumption were positively correlated with carotid and femoral IMT. The common apo E polymorphism, the (C/G)LPL447 polymorphism and ACE activity were not related to carotid and femoral IMT variability in either men or women. Unexpectedly, the I allele of the ACE gene was related to higher femoral IMT than the D allele in non-smokers only. Similar results were observed after adjustment for the main covariates of IMT variability. In conclusion, amongst our young adult sample the candidate risk factors for cardiovascular disease, apo epsilon4, C447-LPL and D-ACE alleles and ACE activity were not associated with increased carotid and femoral IMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sass
- Centre de Médecine Préventive Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Salah D, Bohnet K, Gueguen R, Siest G, Visvikis S. Combined effects of lipoprotein lipase and apolipoprotein E polymorphisms on lipid and lipoprotein levels in the Stanislas cohort. J Lipid Res 1997; 38:904-12. [PMID: 9186908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have genotyped 1101 supposedly healthy subjects from the Stanislas cohort for the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene Ser417(C)-->stop (G) polymorphism and/or for the apolipoprotein (apo)E common polymorphism. Genotypic effects of the two polymorphisms on fasting serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (Tchol), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLc), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDLc), apoB, apoA-I, and apoE levels were studied separately for each polymorphism and in conjunction. epsilon 4 allele and high apoE levels were associated with high levels of LDLc, Tchol, apoB, and TG. The G allele of LPL was significantly associated with low TG levels. We found a clear interaction between the LPL/apoE polymorphisms and apoE levels on serum TG variation. Total variability of TG levels in women and men of 42.31% and 53.62% respectively, were mainly explained by apoE concentration and these two polymorphisms. ApoE and LPL genes simultaneously modulated TG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Salah
- Centre de Médecine Préventive, URA CNRS 597, Vandoenvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Abstract
To better characterize the role of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene in the determination of triglyceride levels in healthy subjects, a study was performed in 193 nuclear families (384 parents, means age = 42.0 +/- 5.2 years; 399 offspring, mean age = 14.6 +/- 4.3 years) volunteering to have a free health checkup examination. The pattern of familial resemblance was compatible with a zero correlation between spouses, a weak father-offspring correlation (0.099 +/- 0.054; P < 0.07), and significant mother-offspring (0.235 +/- 0.053; P < 10(-4)) and sib-sib (0.294 +/- 0.064; P < 10(-4)) correlations. Associations of triglyceride levels with the LPL HindIII and PvuII polymorphisms were investigated by a familial measured genotype analysis, specifying sex- and age-dependent polymorphism effects. The effects associated with both polymorphisms were significant only in fathers, the H+ and P+ alleles being associated with raised triglyceride levels. The HindIII and PvuII polymorphisms explained 3.5% and 3%, respectively, of the variability of triglycerides in fathers. The relationship was weakened after prior adjustment on body mass index, but remained significant for PvuII. Because of the lack of effect in mothers and offspring, the polymorphisms did not contribute to the covariance of triglyceride levels in relatives. In conclusion, this family study showed a weak relationship of the HindIII and PvuII polymorphisms to plasma triglyceride levels in young healthy male subjects. The effects detectable only in fathers suggest a possible modulation of the LPL expression by hormonal or lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Georges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U258, Paris, France
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Gozes I, Reshef A, Salah D, Rubinraut S, Fridkin M. Stearyl-norleucine-vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP): a novel VIP analog for noninvasive impotence treatment. Endocrinology 1994; 134:2121-5. [PMID: 8156912 DOI: 10.1210/endo.134.5.8156912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The present report relates to pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of male impotence. The transdermal application of a potent derivative of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) coupled to a suitable hydrophobic moiety (e.g. stearyl-VIP) in a suitable ointment composition (e.g. Sefsol) enhances sexual activity and erection formation in a variety of impotence models in rats (sterile rats, diabetic rats, and animals with high blood pressure). Furthermore, exchange of the methionine in position 17 with norleucine enhances biological activity. Thus, stearyl-Nle17-VIP may be considered useful for the treatment of impotence.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gozes
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Fontaine O, Salah D. [Compliance: a health problem]. Rev Med Liege 1991; 46:343-9. [PMID: 1871463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Fontaine
- Unité de Médecine comportementale, Université de Liège
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Galand M, Fontaine O, Salah D. [Radiotherapy of breast cancer and preparation of the patient]. Rev Med Liege 1990; 45:539-44. [PMID: 2267456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Galand
- Unité de Médecine comportementale, Université de Liège
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Fontaine O, Salah D. [Stress of medical origin and "education" of the patient]. Rev Med Liege 1990; 45:422-32. [PMID: 2237013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Fontaine
- Université de Liège, Unité de Médecine comportementale
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