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Hernández Cruz B, Alonso F, Calvo Alén J, Pego-Reigosa JM, López-Longo FJ, Galindo-Izquierdo M, Olivé A, Tomero E, Horcada L, Uriarte E, Erausquin C, Sánchez-Atrio A, Montilla C, Santos Soler G, Fernández-Nebro A, Blanco R, Rodríguez-Gómez M, Vela P, Freire M, Díez-Álvarez E, Boteanu AL, Narváez J, Martínez Taboada V, Ruiz-Lucea E, Andreu JL, Fernández-Berrizbeitia O, Hernández-Beriain JÁ, Gantes M, Pérez-Venegas JJ, Ibáñez-Barceló M, Pecondón-Español Á, Marras C, Bonilla G, Castellví I, Moreno M, Raya E, Quevedo Vila VE, Vázquez T, Ruán JI, Muñoz S, Rúa-Figueroa Í. Differences in clinical manifestations and increased severity of systemic lupus erythematosus between two groups of Hispanics: European Caucasians versus Latin American mestizos (data from the RELESSER registry). Lupus 2019; 29:27-36. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203319889667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is regarded as a prototype autoimmune disease because it can serve as a means for studying differences between ethnic minorities and sex. Traditionally, all Hispanics have been bracketed within the same ethnic group, but there are differences between Hispanics from Spain and those from Latin America, not to mention other Spanish-speaking populations. Objectives This study aimed to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics, severity, activity, damage, mortality and co-morbidity of SLE in Hispanics belonging to the two ethnic groups resident in Spain, and to identify any differences. Methods This was an observational, multi-centre, retrospective study. The demographic and clinical variables of patients with SLE from 45 rheumatology units were collected. The study was conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practice guidelines. Hispanic patients from the registry were divided into two groups: Spaniards or European Caucasians (EC) and Latin American mestizos (LAM). Comparative univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were carried out. Results A total of 3490 SLE patients were included, 90% of whom were female; 3305 (92%) EC and 185 (5%) LAM. LAM patients experienced their first lupus symptoms four years earlier than EC patients and were diagnosed and included in the registry younger, and their SLE was of a shorter duration. The time in months from the first SLE symptoms to diagnosis was longer in EC patients, as were the follow-up periods. LAM patients exhibited higher prevalence rates of myositis, haemolytic anaemia and nephritis, but there were no differences in histological type or serositis. Anti-Sm, anti-Ro and anti-RNP antibodies were more frequently found in LAM patients. LAM patients also had higher levels of disease activity, severity and hospital admissions. However, there were no differences in damage index, mortality or co-morbidity index. In the multivariate analysis, after adjusting for confounders, in several models the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for a Katz severity index >3 in LAM patients was 1.45 (1.038–2.026; p = 0.02). This difference did not extend to activity levels (i.e. SLEDAI >3; 0.98 (0.30–1.66)). Conclusion SLE in Hispanic EC patients showed clinical differences compared to Hispanic LAM patients. The latter more frequently suffered nephritis and higher severity indices. This study shows that where lupus is concerned, not all Hispanics are equal.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hernández Cruz
- Rheumatology Department, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - F Alonso
- Research Unit, Spanish Society of Rheumatology, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Calvo Alén
- Rheumatology Department, Araba University Hospital, Vitoria, Spain
| | - J M Pego-Reigosa
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Complex, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - F J López-Longo
- Rheumatology Department, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A Olivé
- Rheumatology Department, Germans Trías i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - E Tomero
- Rheumatology Department, La Princesa University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Horcada
- Rheumatology Department, Navarra Hospital, Navarra, Spain
| | - E Uriarte
- Rheumatology Department, Donosti Hospital, Guipuzcoa, Spain
| | - C Erausquin
- Rheumatology Department, Dr Negrín University Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Atrio
- Rheumatology Department, Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Montilla
- Rheumatology Department, Salamanca Clinic University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
| | - G Santos Soler
- Rheumatology Department, Marina Baixa Hospital, Alicante, Spain
| | - A Fernández-Nebro
- Rheumatology Department, Carlos Haya University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | - R Blanco
- Rheumatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - M Rodríguez-Gómez
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Complex of Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | - P Vela
- Rheumatology Department, Alicante General Hospital, Alicante, Spain
| | - M Freire
- Rheumatology Department, Juan Canalejo University Hospital, La Coruña, Spain
| | | | - A L Boteanu
- Rheumatology Department, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Narváez
- Rheumatology Department, Bellvitge Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Martínez Taboada
- Rheumatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - E Ruiz-Lucea
- Rheumatology Department, Basurto Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - JL Andreu
- Rheumatology Department, Puerta del Hierro-Majadahonda Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - M Gantes
- Rheumatology Department, Tenerife Clinic Hospital, Tenerife, Spain
| | - J J Pérez-Venegas
- Rheumatology Department, Jerez de la Frontera University Hospital, Cadiz, Spain
| | | | - Á Pecondón-Español
- Rheumatology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C Marras
- Rheumatology Department, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - G Bonilla
- Rheumatology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Castellví
- Rheumatology Unit, L’Alt Penedés District Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Moreno
- Rheumatology Department, Parc Taulí Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Raya
- Rheumatology Department, San Cecilio Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | | | - T Vázquez
- Rheumatology Department, Lucus Augusti Hospital, Lugo, Spain
| | - J Ibáñez Ruán
- Rheumatology Unit, POVISA Medical Centre, Vigo, Spain
| | - S Muñoz
- Rheumatology Service, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Í Rúa-Figueroa
- Rheumatology Department, Doctor Negrín University Hospital of Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Perez-Ruiz F, Calabozo M, Fernandez-Lopez MJ, Herrero-Beites A, Ruiz-Lucea E, Garcia-Erauskin G, Duruelo J, Alonso-Ruiz A. Treatment of chronic gout in patients with renal function impairment: an open, randomized, actively controlled study. J Clin Rheumatol 2009; 5:49-55. [PMID: 19078356 DOI: 10.1097/00124743-199904000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of gout and hyperuricemia can be difficult in patients with chronic renal failure. At present, there is no study available comparing the efficacy of the most widely used agent, allopurinol, and the uricosuric benzbromarone for the control of hyperuricemia in patients with renal insufficiency. We describe an open, randomized, actively controlled, comparative trial in patients with clearance of creatinine from 20 to 80 mL/ min/1.73 m(2). Patients were randomized to take benzbromarone (100-200 mg/day) or allopurinol (100-300 mg/day). Outcome variables were the following: reduction of serum urate (Sur), Sur & tl; 6 mg/dL (357 micromol/L), reduction of gouty bouts and reduction of tophi. During 9-24 months of follow-up 36 patients were studied.The reduction of Sur was higher with benzbromarone, and only 1 of 17 patients taking benzbromarone did not achieve Sur < 6 mg/dL versus 7 of 19 taking allopurinol. Patients who did not reach optimal Sur levels with allopurinol were more frequently taking diuretics and showed lower fractional excretion of urate and higher initial Sur levels than patients with proper control of Sur. Seven patients with suboptimal control of serum urate were changed to benzbromarone 100 mg/day, which showed efficacy similar in those who were initially randomized to benzbromarone. A reduction of gouty bouts and size of tophi was observed after proper control of Sur. Allopurinol is effective in controlling hyperuricemia, but patients with higher initial Sur levels or taking concomitant diuretic therapy are less prone to reach therapeutic goals.Benzbromarone is useful for the control of hyperuricemia in patients with renal insufficiency even with concomitant diuretic administration; patients benefited include those who previously had no improvement by taking allopurinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Perez-Ruiz
- Rheumatology Section, Hospital de Cruces, Pais Vasco, Spain.
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