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Solís I, Sanz JJ, Imba L, Álvarez E, Barba E. A higher incidence of moult–breeding overlap in great tits across time is linked to an increased frequency of second clutches: a possible effect of global warming? Anim Biodiv Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.32800/abc.2021.44.0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The rise of temperatures due to global warming is related to a lengthening of the breeding season in many bird species. This allows more pairs to attempt two clutches within the breeding season, thus finishing their breeding activity later in the season and therefore potentially overlapping these with post–breeding moult. We tested whether this occurred in two Spanish great tit Parus major populations. The proportion of pairs laying second clutches increased from 1 % to 32 % over the study period in one of the populations (Sagunto, 1995–2019), while it did not change in the other (Quintos, 2006–2019; mean 5 %). We did not find any temporal trend for moult start date of late–breeding birds in any population. The proportion of individuals of both sexes that overlapped moult and breeding increased in Sagunto. For this latter population, sex and age, but not clutch type, contributed to the variability in the probability of overlapping in late–breeding individuals, this being higher for first–year males and lower for older females.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Solís
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - J. J. Sanz
- National Museum of Natural Sciences–CSIC, Spain
| | - L. Imba
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - E. Álvarez
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - E. Barba
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Spain
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2
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Barba E, Lemaire M, Chase G, Desaive T, Preiser JC. Effet de la mobilisation sur l’insulinosensibilité des patients de soins intensifs. NUTR CLIN METAB 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2016.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3
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Bendezú RA, Barba E, Burri E, Cisternas D, Accarino A, Quiroga S, Monclus E, Navazo I, Malagelada JR, Azpiroz F. Colonic content in health and its relation to functional gut symptoms. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:849-54. [PMID: 26871593 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut content may be determinant in the generation of digestive symptoms, particularly in patients with impaired gut function and hypersensitivity. Since the relation of intraluminal gas to symptoms is only partial, we hypothesized that non-gaseous component may play a decisive role. METHODS Abdominal computed tomography scans were evaluated in healthy subjects during fasting and after a meal (n = 15) and in patients with functional gut disorders during basal conditions (when they were feeling well) and during an episode of abdominal distension (n = 15). Colonic content and distribution were measured by an original analysis program. KEY RESULTS In healthy subjects both gaseous (87 ± 24 mL) and non-gaseous colonic content (714 ± 34 mL) were uniformly distributed along the colon. In the early postprandial period gas volume increased (by 46 ± 23 mL), but non-gaseous content did not, although a partial caudad displacement from the descending to the pelvic colon was observed. No differences in colonic content were detected between patients and healthy subjects. Symptoms were associated with discrete increments in gas volume. However, no consistent differences in non-gaseous content were detected in patients between asymptomatic periods and during episodes of abdominal distension. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES In patients with functional gut disorders, abdominal distension is not related to changes in non-gaseous colonic content. Hence, other factors, such as intestinal hypersensitivity and poor tolerance of small increases in luminal gas may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Bendezú
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Barba
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Burri
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Cisternas
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Accarino
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Quiroga
- Radiology Department, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Monclus
- Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Navazo
- Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J-R Malagelada
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Rodríguez S, Álvarez E, Barba E. Factors affecting fledgling output of great tits, Parus major, in the long term. Anim Biodiv Conserv 2016. [DOI: 10.32800/abc.2016.39.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gisondi P, Barba E, Girolomoni G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score in patients with psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:282-7. [PMID: 26537011 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with psoriasis are at risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and likely liver fibrosis. OBJECTIVE Investigate the prevalence of NAFLD in patients with psoriasis and measure their risk of liver fibrosis. METHOD One hundred and twenty-four patients with psoriasis and 79 healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional study. NAFLD was diagnosed in the presence of characteristic sonographic features of fatty liver after excluding other secondary causes of chronic liver disease. NAFLD fibrosis score (NAFLD-FS) was scored in those with NAFLD to measure the risk of advanced liver fibrosis. RESULTS Prevalence of NAFLD was greater in patients with psoriasis than in controls (44% vs. 26%, P < 0.001). NAFLD-FS was higher in patients with psoriasis than in controls, suggesting a higher risk of liver fibrosis in those with psoriasis (-1.57 ± 1.4 vs. -3.10 ± 1.5, mean ± SD, P < 0.0001). Psoriasis resulted in a significant predictor of advanced liver fibrosis independently of age, sex, BMI, hypertension and diabetes in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Patients with psoriasis should be screened for common causes of liver disease, including NAFLD and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gisondi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - E Barba
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G Girolomoni
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Bendezú RA, Barba E, Burri E, Cisternas D, Malagelada C, Segui S, Accarino A, Quiroga S, Monclus E, Navazo I, Malagelada JR, Azpiroz F. Intestinal gas content and distribution in health and in patients with functional gut symptoms. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1249-57. [PMID: 26095329 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precise relation of intestinal gas to symptoms, particularly abdominal bloating and distension remains incompletely elucidated. Our aim was to define the normal values of intestinal gas volume and distribution and to identify abnormalities in relation to functional-type symptoms. METHODS Abdominal computed tomography scans were evaluated in healthy subjects (n = 37) and in patients in three conditions: basal (when they were feeling well; n = 88), during an episode of abdominal distension (n = 82) and after a challenge diet (n = 24). Intestinal gas content and distribution were measured by an original analysis program. Identification of patients outside the normal range was performed by machine learning techniques (one-class classifier). Results are expressed as median (IQR) or mean ± SE, as appropriate. KEY RESULTS In healthy subjects the gut contained 95 (71, 141) mL gas distributed along the entire lumen. No differences were detected between patients studied under asymptomatic basal conditions and healthy subjects. However, either during a spontaneous bloating episode or once challenged with a flatulogenic diet, luminal gas was found to be increased and/or abnormally distributed in about one-fourth of the patients. These patients detected outside the normal range by the classifier exhibited a significantly greater number of abnormal features than those within the normal range (3.7 ± 0.4 vs 0.4 ± 0.1; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The analysis of a large cohort of subjects using original techniques provides unique and heretofore unavailable information on the volume and distribution of intestinal gas in normal conditions and in relation to functional gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Bendezú
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - E Barba
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - E Burri
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - D Cisternas
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - C Malagelada
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - S Segui
- Computer Vision Center, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A Accarino
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - S Quiroga
- Radiology Department, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Monclus
- Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Navazo
- Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J-R Malagelada
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - F Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Rivera J, Barba E, Mestre A, Rueda J, Sasa M, Vera P, Monrós JS. Effects of migratory status and habitat on the prevalence and intensity of infection by haemoparasites in passerines in eastern Spain. Anim Biodiv Conserv 2013. [DOI: 10.32800/abc.2013.36.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Iberian peninsula is a suitable place to study the effects of migratory condition on the prevalence of blood parasites in avian communities as resident, local populations cohabit with migratory species and with abundant vector populations. In this study we examined the incidence of avian blood parasites in three localities in the Mediterranean region (east Spain), in relation to the migratory status of the species. We analyzed 333 blood smears from 11 avian species, and obtained an overall prevalence of 9.6 %. The prevalence of parasites varied among the different species studied, although intensity of infection did not. Our results are discussed in terms of population dynamics and abundance of Diptera vectors able to transmit blood parasites to other birds.
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Barba E, Quiroga S, Accarino A, Lahoya EM, Malagelada C, Burri E, Navazo I, Malagelada JR, Azpiroz F. Mechanisms of abdominal distension in severe intestinal dysmotility: abdomino-thoracic response to gut retention. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25:e389-94. [PMID: 23607758 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that abdominal distension in patients with functional gut disorders is due to a paradoxical diaphragmatic contraction without major increment in intraabdominal volume. Our aim was to characterize the pattern of gas retention and the abdomino-thoracic mechanics associated with abdominal distension in patients with intestinal dysmotility. METHODS In 15 patients with manometrically proven intestinal dysmotility, two abdominal CT scans were performed: one during basal conditions and other during an episode of severe abdominal distension. In 15 gender- and age-matched healthy controls, a basal scan was performed. KEY RESULTS In basal conditions, patients exhibited more abdominal gas than healthy subjects, particularly in the small bowel, and the volume significantly increased during an episode of distension. During episodes of abdominal distension, the increase in abdominal content was associated with increased girth and antero-posterior abdominal diameter, as well as a cephalic displacement of the diaphragm, which reduced the height of the lung. The consequent reduction in the air volume of the lung was attenuated by an increase in the antero-posterior diameter of the chest. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Abdominal distension in patients with severe intestinal dysfunction is related to marked pooling of gut contents, particularly in the small bowel. This increase in content is accommodated within the abdominal cavity by a global and coordinated abdomino-phreno-thoracic response, involving an accommodative ascent of the diaphragm and a compensatory expansion of the chest wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Barba
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain
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Bugamelli F, Marcheselli C, Barba E, Raggi M. Determination of l-dopa, carbidopa, 3-O-methyldopa and entacapone in human plasma by HPLC–ED. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 54:562-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Galván I, Barba E, Piculo R, Cantó JL, Cortés V, Monrós JS, Atiénzar F, Proctor H. Feather mites and birds: an interaction mediated by uropygial gland size? J Evol Biol 2007; 21:133-144. [PMID: 18028353 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01459.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Feather mites (Arachnida: Acari: Astigmata) feed mainly on secretions of the uropygial gland of birds. Here, we use analyses corrected for phylogeny and body size to show that there is a positive correlation between the size of this gland and mite abundance in passerine birds at an interspecific level during the breeding season, suggesting that the gland mediates interactions between mites and birds. As predicted on the basis of hypothesized waterproofing and antibiotic functions of uropygial gland secretions, riparian/marsh bird species had larger glands and higher mite loads than birds living in less mesic terrestrial environments. An unexpected pattern was a steeper relationship between mite load and gland size in migratory birds than in residents. If moderate mite loads are beneficial to a host but high loads detrimental, this could create complex selection regimes in which gland size influences mite load and vice versa. Mites may exert selective pressures on gland size of their hosts that has resulted in smaller glands among migratory bird species, suggesting that smaller glands may have evolved in these birds to attenuate a possible detrimental effect of feather mites when present in large numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Galván
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, SpainCavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainParque Natural del Carrascal de la Font Roja, Alcoi, SpainDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - E Barba
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, SpainCavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainParque Natural del Carrascal de la Font Roja, Alcoi, SpainDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - R Piculo
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, SpainCavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainParque Natural del Carrascal de la Font Roja, Alcoi, SpainDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J L Cantó
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, SpainCavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainParque Natural del Carrascal de la Font Roja, Alcoi, SpainDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - V Cortés
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, SpainCavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainParque Natural del Carrascal de la Font Roja, Alcoi, SpainDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J S Monrós
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, SpainCavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainParque Natural del Carrascal de la Font Roja, Alcoi, SpainDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - F Atiénzar
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, SpainCavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainParque Natural del Carrascal de la Font Roja, Alcoi, SpainDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - H Proctor
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, SpainCavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainParque Natural del Carrascal de la Font Roja, Alcoi, SpainDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Barba E, Gil-Delgado JA. Seasonal Variation in Nestling Diet of the Great Tit Parus major in Orange Groves in Eastern Spain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.2307/3676396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cavallini G, Piubello W, Brocco G, Barba E, Baratta S, Dobrilla G, Parolin P, Bonoldi C, Scuro LA. Urinary PABA recovery after oral N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-PABA administration combined with various exocrine pancreatic stimulants. Hepatogastroenterology 1980; 27:224-6. [PMID: 6970160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Eleven healthy volunteers (C) and nine patients affected by chronic relapsing pancreatitis (CP) were administered N-Benzoyl-L-Tyrosyl-PABA orally, at a dose of 150 mg combined, on different days, with: 1) water alone (schedule a); 2) Lundh meal (schedule b); 3) Secretin-Caerulein by i.v. infusion (0.5 CU/kg/hr and 75 ng/kg/hr respectively) (schedule c); 4) Caerulein by i.m. injection (300 ng/kg) (schedule d). The mean urinary PABA recovery in CP was lower than in C with all the schedules, but this was statistically significant only with schedules a and c (P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.05 respectively). With respect to b, c, and d, the mean urinary PABA recovery seemed to increase both in C and in CP as compared with schedule a, but only in the CP group with schedule b was the increase statistically significant (P less than 0.05). The present data show that the exocrine pancreatic stimulants do not improve the reliability of the PABA test.
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