1
|
Kemsley EK. Graphical exploration of 600- and 60-MHz proton NMR spectral datasets from ground roast coffee extracts. Magn Reson Chem 2024; 62:236-251. [PMID: 37311710 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This article uses a variety of graphical and mathematical approaches to analyse 600- and 60-MHz ('benchtop') proton NMR spectra acquired from lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts of roasted coffee beans. The collection of 40 authenticated samples comprised various coffee species, cultivars and hybrids. The spectral datasets were analysed by a combination of metabolomics approaches, cross-correlation and whole spectrum methods, assisted by visualisation and mathematical techniques not conventionally employed to treat NMR data. A large amount of information content was shared between the 600-MHz and benchtop datasets, including in its magnitude spectral form, suggesting the potential for a lower cost, lower tech route to conducting informative metabolomics studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Kate Kemsley
- Core Science Resources Group, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gunning Y, Davies KS, Kemsley EK. Authentication of saffron using 60 MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy. Food Chem 2023; 404:134649. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
3
|
Hulme MC, Hayatbakhsh A, Brignall RM, Gilbert N, Costello A, Schofield CJ, Williamson DC, Kemsley EK, Sutcliffe OB, Mewis RE. Detection, discrimination and quantification of amphetamine, cathinone and nor-ephedrine regioisomers using benchtop 1 H and 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Chem 2023; 61:73-82. [PMID: 33786881 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amphetamine and cathinone derivatives are abused recreationally due to the sense of euphoria they provide to the user. Methodologies for the rapid detection of the drug derivative present in a seized sample, or an indication of the drug class, are beneficial to law enforcement and healthcare providers. Identifying the drug class is prudent because derivatisation of these drugs, to produce regioisomers, for example, occurs frequently to circumvent global and local drug laws. Thus, newly encountered derivatives might not be present in a spectral library. Employment of benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) could be used to provide rapid analysis of seized samples as well as identifying the class of drug present. Discrimination of individual amphetamine-, methcathinone-, N-ethylcathinone and nor-ephedrine-derived fluorinated and methylated regioisomers is achieved herein using qualitative automated 1 H NMR analysis and compared to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data. Two seized drug samples, SS1 and SS2, were identified to contain 4-fluoroamphetamine by 1 H NMR (match score median = 0.9933) and GC-MS (RRt = 5.42-5.43 min). The amount of 4-fluoroamphetamine present was 42.8%-43.4% w/w and 48.7%-49.2% w/w for SS1 and SS2, respectively, from quantitative 19 F NMR analysis, which is in agreement with the amount determined by GC-MS (39.9%-41.4% w/w and 49.0%-49.3% w/w). The total time for the qualitative 1 H NMR and quantitative 19 F NMR analysis is ~10 min. This contrasts to ~40 min for the GC-MS method. The NMR method also benefits from minimal sample preparation. Thus, benchtop NMR affords rapid, and discriminatory, analysis of the drug present in a seized sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Hulme
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Armita Hayatbakhsh
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Nicolas Gilbert
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Costello
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Police, Openshaw Complex, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Police, Openshaw Complex, Manchester, UK
| | | | - E Kate Kemsley
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Oliver B Sutcliffe
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Ryan E Mewis
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sutcliffe OB, Mewis RE, Kemsley EK, Williamson DC. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine quantification via benchtop 1H qNMR spectroscopy: Method validation and its application to ecstasy tablets collected at music festivals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115042. [PMID: 36155482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver B Sutcliffe
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Ryan E Mewis
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
| | - E Kate Kemsley
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dixon DI, Antonides LH, Costello A, Crane B, Embleton A, Fletcher ML, Gilbert N, Hulme MC, James MJ, Lever MA, Maccallum CJ, Millea MF, Pimlott JL, Robertson TBR, Rudge NE, Schofield CJ, Zukowicz F, Kemsley EK, Sutcliffe OB, Mewis RE. Comparative study of the analysis of seized samples by GC-MS, 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy within a Night-Time Economy (NTE) setting. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114950. [PMID: 35914505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapid analysis of surrendered or seized drug samples provides important intelligence for health (e.g. treatment or harm reduction), and custodial services. Herein, three in-situ techniques, GC-MS, 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, with searchable libraries, are used to analyse 318 samples qualitatively, using technique specific library-based searches, obtained over the period 24th - 29th August 2019. 259 samples were identified as consisting of a single component, of which cocaine was the most prevalent (n = 158). Median match scores for all three techniques were ≥ 0.84 and showed agreement except for metformin (n = 1), oxandrolone (identified as vitamin K by IR (n = 4)), diazepam (identified as zolpidem by FT-IR (n = 2)) and 2-Br-4,5-DMPEA (n = 1), a structural isomer of 2C-B identified as a polymer of cellulose (cardboard) by FT-IR. 51 samples were found to consist of two or more components, of which 49 were adulterated cocaine samples (45 binary and 4 tertiary samples). GC-MS identified all components present in the 49 adulterated cocaine samples, whereas IR identified only cocaine in 88 % of cases (adulterant only = 12 %). The breakdown for 1H NMR spectroscopy was all components identified (51 %), cocaine only (33 %), adulterant only (10 %), cocaine and one adulterant (tertiary mixtures only, 6 %).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David I Dixon
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Lysbeth H Antonides
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Andrew Costello
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Greater Manchester Police, Openshaw Complex, Lawton Street, Openshaw, Manchester M11 2NS, UK
| | - Benjamin Crane
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Arran Embleton
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Mark L Fletcher
- Manchester Pride, Manchester One, 53 Portland Street, Manchester M1 3LD, UK
| | - Nicolas Gilbert
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Matthew C Hulme
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Molly J James
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Michael A Lever
- Manchester Pride, Manchester One, 53 Portland Street, Manchester M1 3LD, UK
| | - Conner J Maccallum
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Molly F Millea
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Jessica L Pimlott
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Thomas B R Robertson
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Nathan E Rudge
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Greater Manchester Police, Openshaw Complex, Lawton Street, Openshaw, Manchester M11 2NS, UK
| | - Filip Zukowicz
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - E Kate Kemsley
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Oliver B Sutcliffe
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
| | - Ryan E Mewis
- MANchester DRug Analysis & Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gunning Y, Taous F, El Ghali T, Gibbon JD, Wilson E, Brignall RM, Kemsley EK. Mitigating instrument effects in 60 MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy for authenticity screening of edible oils. Food Chem 2022; 370:131333. [PMID: 34788960 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Low field (60 MHz) 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to analyse a large (n = 410) collection of edible oils, including olive and argan, in an authenticity screening scenario. Experimental work was carried out on multiple spectrometers at two different laboratories, aiming to explore multivariate model stability and transfer between instruments. Three modelling methods were employed: Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis, Random Forests, and a One Class Classification approach. Clear inter-instrument differences were observed between replicated data collections, sufficient to compromise effective transfer of models based on raw data between instruments. As mitigations to this issue, various data pre-treatments were investigated: Piecewise Direct Standardisation, Standard Normal Variates, and Rank Transformation. Datasets comprised both phase corrected and magnitude spectra, and it was found that that the latter spectral form may offer some advantages in the context of pattern recognition and classification modelling, particularly when used in combination with the Rank Transformation pre-treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Gunning
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Fouad Taous
- Centre National de l'Energie des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires (CNESTEN) Rabat, Morocco
| | - Tibari El Ghali
- Centre National de l'Energie des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires (CNESTEN) Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - E Wilson
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | | | - E Kate Kemsley
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gunning Y, Jackson AJ, Colmer J, Taous F, Philo M, Brignall RM, El Ghali T, Defernez M, Kemsley EK. High-throughput screening of argan oil composition and authenticity using benchtop 1 H NMR. Magn Reson Chem 2020; 58:1177-1186. [PMID: 32220087 PMCID: PMC8653893 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We use 60-MHz benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to acquire 1 H spectra from argan oils of assured origin. We show that the low-field NMR spectrum of neat oil contains sufficient information to make estimates of compositional parameters and to inform on the presence of minor compounds. A screening method for quality and authenticity is presented based on nearest-neighbour outlier detection. A variety of oil types are used to challenge the method. In a survey of retail-purchased oils, several instances of fraud were found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Gunning
- Core Science ResourcesQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUK
| | | | | | - Fouad Taous
- Structural and Isotopic Analysis LaboratoryCentre National de l'Energie des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires (CNESTEN)RabatMorocco
| | - Mark Philo
- Core Science ResourcesQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUK
| | | | - Tibari El Ghali
- Structural and Isotopic Analysis LaboratoryCentre National de l'Energie des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires (CNESTEN)RabatMorocco
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hussain JH, Gilbert N, Costello A, Schofield CJ, Kemsley EK, Sutcliffe OB, Mewis RE. Quantification of MDMA in seized tablets using benchtop 1H NMR spectroscopy in the absence of internal standards. Forensic Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2020.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
9
|
Gunning Y, Fong LK, Watson AD, Philo M, Kemsley EK. Quantitative authenticity testing of buffalo mozzarella via αs1-Casein using multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
10
|
Antonides LH, Brignall RM, Costello A, Ellison J, Firth SE, Gilbert N, Groom BJ, Hudson SJ, Hulme MC, Marron J, Pullen ZA, Robertson TBR, Schofield CJ, Williamson DC, Kemsley EK, Sutcliffe OB, Mewis RE. Rapid Identification of Novel Psychoactive and Other Controlled Substances Using Low-Field 1H NMR Spectroscopy. ACS Omega 2019; 4:7103-7112. [PMID: 31179411 PMCID: PMC6547625 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An automated approach to the collection of 1H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra using a benchtop NMR spectrometer and the subsequent analysis, processing, and elucidation of components present in seized drug samples are reported. An algorithm is developed to compare spectral data to a reference library of over 300 1H NMR spectra, ranking matches by a correlation-based score. A threshold for identification was set at 0.838, below which identification of the component present was deemed unreliable. Using this system, 432 samples were surveyed and validated against contemporaneously acquired GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) data. Following removal of samples which possessed no peaks in the GC-MS trace or in both the 1H NMR spectrum and GC-MS trace, the remaining 416 samples matched in 93% of cases. Thirteen of these samples were binary mixtures. A partial match (one component not identified) was obtained for 6% of samples surveyed whilst only 1% of samples did not match at all.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lysbeth H Antonides
- School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
| | - Rachel M Brignall
- Oxford Instruments, Tubney Woods, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX13 5QX, U.K
| | - Andrew Costello
- Greater Manchester Police, Openshaw Complex, Lawton Street, Openshaw, Manchester M11 2NS, U.K
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
| | - Jamie Ellison
- School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
- Greater Manchester Police, Openshaw Complex, Lawton Street, Openshaw, Manchester M11 2NS, U.K
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
| | - Samuel E Firth
- School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
| | - Nicolas Gilbert
- School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
| | - Bethany J Groom
- School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
| | - Samuel J Hudson
- School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
| | - Matthew C Hulme
- School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
| | - Jack Marron
- School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
| | - Zoe A Pullen
- School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
| | - Thomas B R Robertson
- School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- Greater Manchester Police, Openshaw Complex, Lawton Street, Openshaw, Manchester M11 2NS, U.K
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
| | | | - E Kate Kemsley
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, U.K
| | - Oliver B Sutcliffe
- School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
| | - Ryan E Mewis
- School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Le Gall G, Guttula K, Kellingray L, Tett AJ, Hoopen RT, Kemsley EK, Savva GM, Ibrahim A, Narbad A. Correction: Metabolite quantification of faecal extracts from colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1660. [PMID: 30899435 PMCID: PMC6422192 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26022.].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiran Guttula
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lee Kellingray
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Adrian J Tett
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Rogier Ten Hoopen
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Kate Kemsley
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - George M Savva
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ashraf Ibrahim
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Le Gall G, Guttula K, Kellingray L, Tett AJ, Ten Hoopen R, Kemsley EK, Savva GM, Ibrahim A, Narbad A. Metabolite quantification of faecal extracts from colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33278-33289. [PMID: 30279959 PMCID: PMC6161785 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), a primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide is expected to rise in the coming years. A better understanding of the metabolic changes taking place during the disease progression is needed for effective improvements of screening strategies and treatments. In the present study, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) metabolomics was used to quantify the absolute concentrations of metabolites in faecal extracts from two cohorts of CRC patients and healthy controls. The quantification of over 80 compounds revealed that patients with CRC had increased faecal concentrations of branched chain fatty acids (BCFA), isovalerate and isobutyrate plus valerate and phenylacetate but diminished concentrations of amino acids, sugars, methanol and bile acids (deoxycholate, lithodeoxycholate and cholate). These results suggest that alterations in microbial activity and composition could have triggered an increase in utilisation of host intestinal slough cells and mucins and led to an increase in BCFA, valerate and phenylacetate. Concurrently, a general reduction in the microbial metabolic function may have led to reduced levels of other components (amino acids, sugars and bile acids) normally produced under healthy conditions. This study provides a thorough listing of the most abundant compounds found in human faecal waters and presents a template for absolute quantification of metabolites. The production of BCFA and phenylacetate in colonic carcinogenesis warrants further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiran Guttula
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lee Kellingray
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Adrian J Tett
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Rogier Ten Hoopen
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Kate Kemsley
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - George M Savva
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ashraf Ibrahim
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gunning Y, Defernez M, Watson AD, Beadman N, Colquhoun IJ, Le Gall G, Philo M, Garwood H, Williamson D, Davis AP, Kemsley EK. 16-O-methylcafestol is present in ground roast Arabica coffees: Implications for authenticity testing. Food Chem 2017; 248:52-60. [PMID: 29329870 PMCID: PMC5774150 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipophilic extracts of ground roast Arabica coffees were authenticated by benchtop NMR. Small amounts of esterified 16-O-methylcafestol were found in Arabica coffees. The compound identity was confirmed by NMR and MS experiments. 16-OMC remains a useful marker for non-Arabicas as these contain much higher amounts. 6 out of 60 retail Arabicas contained significant amounts of non-Arabica species.
High-field and low-field proton NMR spectroscopy were used to analyse lipophilic extracts from ground roast coffees. Using a sample preparation method that produced concentrated extracts, a small marker peak at 3.16 ppm was observed in 30 Arabica coffees of assured origin. This signal has previously been believed absent from Arabicas, and has been used as a marker for detecting adulteration with robusta. Via 2D 600 MHz NMR and LC-MS, 16-O-methylcafestol and 16-O-methylkahweol were detected for the first time in Arabica roast coffee and shown to be responsible for the marker peak. Using low-field NMR, robusta in Arabica could be detected at levels of the order of 1–2% w/w. A surveillance study of retail purchased “100% Arabica” coffees found that 6 out of 60 samples displayed the 3.16 ppm marker signal to a degree commensurate with adulteration at levels of 3–30% w/w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Gunning
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Marianne Defernez
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Andrew D Watson
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Niles Beadman
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Ian J Colquhoun
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Gwénaëlle Le Gall
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Mark Philo
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Hollie Garwood
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - David Williamson
- Oxford Instruments, Tubney Woods, Abingdon, Oxford OX13 5QX, UK.
| | - Aaron P Davis
- Royal Botanic Gardens (RBG), Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK.
| | - E Kate Kemsley
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ostertag LM, Philo M, Colquhoun IJ, Tapp HS, Saha S, Duthie GG, Kemsley EK, de Roos B, Kroon PA, Le Gall G. Acute Consumption of Flavan-3-ol-Enriched Dark Chocolate Affects Human Endogenous Metabolism. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2516-2526. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M. Ostertag
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
- Rowett
Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Philo
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. Colquhoun
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Henri S. Tapp
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Shikha Saha
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Garry G. Duthie
- Rowett
Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - E. Kate Kemsley
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Baukje de Roos
- Rowett
Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Kroon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Gwénaëlle Le Gall
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gunning Y, Watson AD, Rigby NM, Philo M, Peazer JK, Kemsley EK. Species Determination and Quantitation in Mixtures Using MRM Mass Spectrometry of Peptides Applied to Meat Authentication. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27685654 PMCID: PMC5092036 DOI: 10.3791/54420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a simple protocol for identifying and quantifying the two components in binary mixtures of species possessing one or more similar proteins. Central to the method is the identification of 'corresponding proteins' in the species of interest, in other words proteins that are nominally the same but possess species-specific sequence differences. When subject to proteolysis, corresponding proteins will give rise to some peptides which are likewise similar but with species-specific variants. These are 'corresponding peptides'. Species-specific peptides can be used as markers for species determination, while pairs of corresponding peptides permit relative quantitation of two species in a mixture. The peptides are detected using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry, a highly specific technique that enables peptide-based species determination even in complex systems. In addition, the ratio of MRM peak areas deriving from corresponding peptides supports relative quantitation. Since corresponding proteins and peptides will, in the main, behave similarly in both processing and in experimental extraction and sample preparation, the relative quantitation should remain comparatively robust. In addition, this approach does not need the standards and calibrations required by absolute quantitation methods. The protocol is described in the context of red meats, which have convenient corresponding proteins in the form of their respective myoglobins. This application is relevant to food fraud detection: the method can detect 1% weight for weight of horse meat in beef. The corresponding protein, corresponding peptide (CPCP) relative quantitation using MRM peak area ratios gives good estimates of the weight for weight composition of a horse plus beef mixture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Philo
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research
| | - Joshua K Peazer
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research; School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Defernez M, Wren E, Watson AD, Gunning Y, Colquhoun IJ, Le Gall G, Williamson D, Kemsley EK. Low-field (1)H NMR spectroscopy for distinguishing between arabica and robusta ground roast coffees. Food Chem 2016; 216:106-13. [PMID: 27596398 PMCID: PMC5055110 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This work reports a new screening protocol for addressing issues of coffee authenticity using low-field (60MHz) bench-top (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Using a simple chloroform-based extraction, useful spectra were obtained from the lipophilic fraction of ground roast coffees. It was found that 16-O-methylcafestol (16-OMC, a recognized marker compound for robusta beans) gives rise to an isolated peak in the 60MHz spectrum, which can be used as an indicator of the presence of robusta beans in the sample. A total of 81 extracts from authenticated coffees and mixtures were analysed, from which the detection limit of robusta in arabica was estimated to be between 10% and 20% w/w. Using the established protocol, a surveillance exercise was conducted of 27 retail samples of ground roast coffees which were labelled as "100% arabica". None were found to contain undeclared robusta content above the estimated detection limit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Defernez
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Ella Wren
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Andrew D Watson
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Yvonne Gunning
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Ian J Colquhoun
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Gwénaëlle Le Gall
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - David Williamson
- Oxford Instruments, Tubney Woods, Abingdon, Oxford OX13 5QX, UK.
| | - E Kate Kemsley
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Complex data analysis is becoming more easily accessible to analytical chemists, including natural computation methods such as artificial neural networks (ANNs). Unfortunately, in many of these methods, inappropriate choices of model parameters can lead to overfitting. This study concerns overfitting issues in the use of ANNs to classify complex, high-dimensional data (where the number of variables far exceeds the number of specimens). We examine whether a parameter ρ, equal to the ratio of the number of observations in the training set to the number of connections in the network, can be used as an indicator to forecast overfitting. Networks possessing different ρ values were trained using as inputs either raw data or scores obtained from principal component analysis (PCA). A primary finding was that different data sets behave very differently. For data sets with either abundant or scant information related to the proposed group structure, overfitting was little influenced by ρ, whereas for intermediate cases some dependence was found, although it was not possible to specify values of ρ which prevented overfitting altogether. The use of a tuning set, to control termination of training and guard against overtraining, did not necessarily prevent overfitting from taking place. However, for data containing scant group-related information, the use of a tuning set reduced the likelihood and magnitude of overfitting, although not eliminating it entirely. For other data sets, little difference in the nature of overfitting arose from the two modes of termination. Small data sets (in terms of number of specimens) were more likely to produce overfit ANNs, as were input layers comprising large numbers of PC scores. Hence, for high-dimensional data, the use of a limited number of PC scores as inputs, a tuning set to prevent overtraining and a test set to detect and guard against overfitting are recommended.
Collapse
|
18
|
Watson AD, Gunning Y, Rigby NM, Philo M, Kemsley EK. Meat Authentication via Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry of Myoglobin Peptides. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10315-22. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Watson
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich
Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Gunning
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich
Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Neil M. Rigby
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich
Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Philo
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich
Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - E. Kate Kemsley
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich
Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
We present the first results from a new 60 MHz 1H NMR bench-top spectrometer. Using chemometrics, we detected hazelnut oil adulteration of olive oil at 11.2%w/w. Bench-top 60 MHz NMR performs at least as well as FTIR for this type of application.
We report the first results from a new 60 MHz 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) bench-top spectrometer, Pulsar, in a study simulating the adulteration of olive oil with hazelnut oil. There were qualitative differences between spectra from the two oil types. A single internal ratio of two isolated groups of peaks could detect hazelnut oil in olive oil at the level of ∼13%w/w, whereas a whole-spectrum chemometric approach brought the limit of detection down to 11.2%w/w for a set of independent test samples. The Pulsar’s performance was compared to that of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The Pulsar delivered comparable sensitivity and improved specificity, making it a superior screening tool. We also mapped NMR onto FTIR spectra using a correlation-matrix approach. Interpretation of this heat-map combined with the established annotations of the NMR spectra suggested a hitherto undocumented feature in the IR spectrum at ∼1130 cm−1, attributable to a double-bond vibration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Parker
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - E Limer
- Oriel College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 4EW, UK
| | - A D Watson
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - M Defernez
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - D Williamson
- Oxford Instruments Industrial Analysis, Tubney Woods, Abingdon, Oxford, UK
| | - E Kate Kemsley
- Analytical Sciences Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tapp HS, Radonjic M, Kate Kemsley E, Thissen U. Evaluation of multiple variate selection methods from a biological perspective: a nutrigenomics case study. Genes Nutr 2012; 7:387-397. [PMID: 22382778 PMCID: PMC3380194 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-012-0288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Genomics-based technologies produce large amounts of data. To interpret the results and identify the most important variates related to phenotypes of interest, various multivariate regression and variate selection methods are used. Although inspected for statistical performance, the relevance of multivariate models in interpreting biological data sets often remains elusive. We compare various multivariate regression and variate selection methods applied to a nutrigenomics data set in terms of performance, utility and biological interpretability. The studied data set comprised hepatic transcriptome (10,072 predictor variates) and plasma protein concentrations [2 dependent variates: Leptin (LEP) and Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1)] collected during a high-fat diet study in ApoE3Leiden mice. The multivariate regression methods used were: partial least squares "PLS"; a genetic algorithm-based multiple linear regression, "GA-MLR"; two least-angle shrinkage methods, "LASSO" and "ELASTIC NET"; and a variant of PLS that uses covariance-based variate selection, "CovProc." Two methods of ranking the genes for Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were also investigated: either by their correlation with the protein data or by the stability of the PLS regression coefficients. The regression methods performed similarly, with CovProc and GA performing the best and worst, respectively (R-squared values based on "double cross-validation" predictions of 0.762 and 0.451 for LEP; and 0.701 and 0.482 for TIMP-1). CovProc, LASSO and ELASTIC NET all produced parsimonious regression models and consistently identified small subsets of variates, with high commonality between the methods. Comparison of the gene ranking approaches found a high degree of agreement, with PLS-based ranking finding fewer significant gene sets. We recommend the use of CovProc for variate selection, in tandem with univariate methods, and the use of correlation-based ranking for GSEA-like pathway analysis methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henri S. Tapp
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Marijana Radonjic
- TNO, Microbiology and Systems Biology, P.O. Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
- Nutrigenomics Consortium, Top Institute Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E. Kate Kemsley
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Uwe Thissen
- Nutrigenomics Consortium, Top Institute Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Present Address: Keygene N.V., P.O. Box 216, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A. Metabolomics of Fecal Extracts Detects Altered Metabolic Activity of Gut Microbiota in Ulcerative Colitis and Irritable Bowel Syndrome. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4208-18. [DOI: 10.1021/pr2003598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwénaëlle Le Gall
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Samah O. Noor
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Karyn Ridgway
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Scovell
- The Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Heath Road, Ipswich IP4 5PD, United Kingdom
| | - Crawford Jamieson
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UY, United Kingdom
| | - Ian T. Johnson
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. Colquhoun
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - E. Kate Kemsley
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rahmioglu N, Le Gall G, Heaton J, Kay KL, Smith NW, Colquhoun IJ, Ahmadi KR, Kemsley EK. Prediction of variability in CYP3A4 induction using a combined 1H NMR metabonomics and targeted UPLC-MS approach. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:2807-16. [PMID: 21491888 DOI: 10.1021/pr200077n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The activity of Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme is associated with many adverse or poor therapeutic responses to drugs. We used (1)H NMR-based metabonomics to identify a metabolic signature associated with variation in induced CYP3A4 activity. A total of 301 female twins, aged 45--84, participated in this study. Each volunteer was administered a potent inducer of CYP3A4 (St. John's Wort) for 14 days and the activity of CYP3A4 was quantified through the metabolism of the exogenously administered probe drug quinine sulfate (300 mg). Pre- and postintervention fasting urine samples were used to obtain metabolite profiles, using (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and were analyzed using UPLC--MS to obtain a marker for CYP3A4 induction, via the ratio of 3-hydroxyquinine to quinine (3OH-Q:Q). Multiple linear regression was used to build a predictive model for 3OH-Q:Q values based on the preintervention metabolite profiles. A combination of seven metabolites and seven covariates showed a strong (r = 0.62) relationship with log(3OH-Q:Q). This regression model demonstrated significant (p < 0.00001) predictive ability when applied to an independent validation set. Our results highlight the promise of metabonomics for predicting CYP3A4-mediated drug response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Rahmioglu
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Ioannides Y, Seers J, Defernez M, Raithatha C, Howarth MS, Smith A, Kemsley EK. Electromyography of the masticatory muscles can detect variation in the mechanical and sensory properties of apples. Food Qual Prefer 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
25
|
Fairweather‐Tait SJ, Kemsley EK, Colquhoun IJ, Tapp HS, Arsenault JE, Romana DL, Penny ME, Brown KH, Le Gall G. Metabolomics of plasma and urine samples from Peruvian infants receiving dietary zinc supplements. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a708-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Jane Fairweather‐Tait
- School of Medicine, Health Policy & Practice, University of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Food ResearchNorwich Research Park, ColneyNorwichNR4 7UAUnited Kingdom
| | - E Kate Kemsley
- Institute of Food ResearchNorwich Research Park, ColneyNorwichNR4 7UAUnited Kingdom
| | - Ian J Colquhoun
- Institute of Food ResearchNorwich Research Park, ColneyNorwichNR4 7UAUnited Kingdom
| | - Henri S Tapp
- Institute of Food ResearchNorwich Research Park, ColneyNorwichNR4 7UAUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Mary E Penny
- Instituto de Investigacion NutricionalLa MolinaLimaPeru
| | - Kenneth H Brown
- University of California DavisOne Shields AvenueDavisCACA 95616
| | - Gwenaelle Le Gall
- Institute of Food ResearchNorwich Research Park, ColneyNorwichNR4 7UAUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The aim was to understand between-volunteer differences in Electromyography (EMG) behaviour during chewing. EMG was used to record the electrical activity of the temporal and masseter muscles of volunteers, who carried out mastication movements by operating calibrated springs held between their incisors. The volunteers coordinated their jaw movements with the signal produced by a metronome, at four rates: 30, 60, 90 and 120 beats per minute (bpm). Raw data were analyzed to examine the distributions of the intervals between chews. For the highest prescribed chew rates, the volunteers' distributions were very similar. The distributions varied most for the 30 bpm data, suggesting that volunteers differed in their ability to carry out and maintain this prescribed chewing pattern. The data were Fourier transformed to give power spectra in the frequency domain. The low frequency (<10 Hz) region contained spectral features related to the prescribed chew rate. Principal component analysis of the power spectra revealed that readings from each volunteer clustered together, and the clusters could be largely separated. Such grouping was found irrespective of whether data from each chew rate were analyzed separately or simultaneously. This indicated that within-volunteer variance, arising from the different chew rates as well as between-session variance, is lower than between-volunteer variance; even when individuals are asked to make jaw movements in the same prescribed manner, they can nevertheless be uniquely distinguished by their muscle activity as recorded by EMG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E K Kemsley
- Institute of Food Research, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Mid-infrared spectroscopy was used to discriminate between pure beef and beef containing 20% w/w of a range of potential adulterants (heart, tripe, kidney, and liver). Spectra were acquired from raw samples and from samples cooked using two different cooking regimes. Chemometric methods (principal component analysis, partial least squares regression, and linear discriminant analysis) applied to the spectra showed that discrimination between the pure and adulterated sample types was possible, irrespective of cooking regime. The cross-validated classification success rate obtained was approximately 97%. Discrimination between all five sample types (pure beef and beef containing one of each of the four adulterants) at each level of cook was also possible, but became more difficult as the cooking level increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osama Al-Jowder
- College of Science, Chemistry Department, University of Bahrain, Isa Town, Bahrain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kemsley EK, Tapp HS, Scarlett AJ, Miles SJ, Hammond R, Wilson RH. Comparison of spectroscopic techniques for the determination of Kjeldahl and ammoniacal nitrogen content of farmyard manure. J Agric Food Chem 2001; 49:603-609. [PMID: 11261999 DOI: 10.1021/jf001060r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of determining the nitrogen content of farmyard manure using infrared spectroscopy was investigated. Fifteen samples each of cattle, pig, and turkey manure were analyzed by three infrared techniques: Fourier transform mid-infrared (MIR), using attenuated total reflection (ATR); near-infrared reflectance (NIR-R); and near-infrared optothermal photoacoustic (NIR-OT). The near-infrared measurements were made at wavelengths determined respectively by four (NIR-OT) and five (NIR-R) band-pass filters. The total nitrogen (using the Kjeldahl method) and volatile (ammoniacal) nitrogen contents of all samples were measured by wet chemistry. Internally cross-validated (ICV) partial least-squares (PLS) regression was then used to obtain calibrations for the nitrogen content. The data sets obtained by each technique were treated separately. Within these sets, data from each manure type were treated both separately and combined: the best predictive ability was obtained by combining data from all three manure types. From the combined data set, the residual standard deviations and correlation coefficients for the ICV-predicted versus actual Kjeldahl nitrogen content were, respectively, 6772 mg/kg dry wt, 0.862 (MIR); 9434 mg/kg dry wt, 0.771 (NIR-OT); and 8943 mg/kg dry wt, 0.865 (NIR-R). For the ammoniacal nitrogen content, the residual standard deviations and correlation coefficients were 3869 mg/kg dry wt, 0.899 (MIR); 6079 mg/kg dry wt, 0.820 (NIR-OT); and 3498 mg/kg dry wt, 0.961 (NIR-R).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E K Kemsley
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gunning YM, Gunning PA, Kemsley EK, Parker R, Ring SG, Wilson RH, Blake A. Factors affecting the release of flavor encapsulated in carbohydrate matrixes. J Agric Food Chem 1999; 47:5198-5205. [PMID: 10606595 DOI: 10.1021/jf990039r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effects of water content and temperature variation on the release of flavor components into the headspace over flavors, encapsulated by an extrusion process, in low water content carbohydrate matrixes is studied. The largest amounts of release occurred when the matrix was above its glass transition temperature, whether this was due to increased water content or elevated temperature. Under these conditions up to 70% of the sucrose in the matrix crystallized over a period of 10 days, as quantified using Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy. Smaller amounts of headspace release occurred when the water content of the encapsulated flavor system was decreased from 3. 5 to 3.1% w/w. Small amounts of release occurred from the "as prepared" materials, which were associated with the presence of small amounts of unencapsulated flavor oil with direct access to the headspace. It was concluded that release due to matrix permeability was relatively slow as compared with the above mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Gunning
- Food Quality and Materials Science, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Al-Jowder O, Defernez M, Kemsley EK, Wilson RH. Mid-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics for the authentication of meat products. J Agric Food Chem 1999; 47:3210-3218. [PMID: 10552633 DOI: 10.1021/jf981196d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy is used to address certain issues connected with the authentication of beef and ox kidney and liver: is it possible to distinguish muscle from offal tissue; does the condition, cut of meat, or type of offal influence the distinction; can pure minced beef be distinguished from that adulterated with offal? Using partial least squares (PLS) and canonical variate analysis, predictive models are developed to identify MIR spectra of beef, kidney, and liver. Using modified SIMCA, the pure beef specimens are modeled as a single class; this model identifies spectra of unadulterated beef as such, with an acceptable error rate, while rejecting spectra of specimens containing 10-100% w/w kidney or liver. Finally, PLS regressions are performed to quantify the amount of added offal. The prediction errors obtained (+/-4.8 and +/-4.0% w/w, respectively, for the kidney and liver calibrations) are commensurate with the detection limits suggested by the SIMCA analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Al-Jowder
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|