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Cappelletto A, Alfì E, Volf N, Vu TVA, Bortolotti F, Ciucci G, Vodret S, Fantuz M, Perin M, Colliva A, Rozzi G, Rossi M, Ruozi G, Zentilin L, Vuerich R, Borin D, Lapasin R, Piazza S, Chiesa M, Lorizio D, Triboli L, Kumar S, Morello G, Tripodo C, Pinamonti M, Piperno GM, Benvenuti F, Rustighi A, Jo H, Piccolo S, Del Sal G, Carrer A, Giacca M, Zacchigna S. EMID2 is a novel biotherapeutic for aggressive cancers identified by in vivo screening. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:15. [PMID: 38195652 PMCID: PMC10777502 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New drugs to tackle the next pathway or mutation fueling cancer are constantly proposed, but 97% of them are doomed to fail in clinical trials, largely because they are identified by cellular or in silico screens that cannot predict their in vivo effect. METHODS We screened an Adeno-Associated Vector secretome library (> 1000 clones) directly in vivo in a mouse model of cancer and validated the therapeutic effect of the first hit, EMID2, in both orthotopic and genetic models of lung and pancreatic cancer. RESULTS EMID2 overexpression inhibited both tumor growth and metastatic dissemination, consistent with prolonged survival of patients with high levels of EMID2 expression in the most aggressive human cancers. Mechanistically, EMID2 inhibited TGFβ maturation and activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts, resulting in more elastic ECM and reduced levels of YAP in the nuclei of cancer cells. CONCLUSION This is the first in vivo screening, precisely designed to identify proteins able to interfere with cancer cell invasiveness. EMID2 was selected as the most potent protein, in line with the emerging relevance of the tumor extracellular matrix in controlling cancer cell invasiveness and dissemination, which kills most of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Cappelletto
- Cardiovascular Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Edoardo Alfì
- Cardiovascular Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nina Volf
- Cardiovascular Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Thi Van Anh Vu
- Cardiovascular Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Bortolotti
- Molecular Medicine, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulio Ciucci
- Cardiovascular Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Vodret
- Cardiovascular Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Fantuz
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Perin
- Cardiovascular Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Colliva
- Cardiovascular Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rozzi
- Cardiovascular Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Matilde Rossi
- Cardiovascular Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Ruozi
- Molecular Medicine, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- Molecular Medicine, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Roman Vuerich
- Cardiovascular Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Borin
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Romano Lapasin
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- Bioinformatics, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- Bioinformatics Facility, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Triboli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Cancer Cell Signaling, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gaia Morello
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Histopathology Unit, Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation (IFOM), ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pinamonti
- Pathology Department Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina and University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Piperno
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Federica Benvenuti
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rustighi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Cancer Cell Signaling, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Giannino Del Sal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Cancer Cell Signaling, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- IFOM ETS, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Carrer
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Cardiovascular Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
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Alfì E, Thairi C, Femminò S, Alloatti G, Moccia F, Brizzi MF, Pagliaro P, Penna C. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in ischemic conditioning and angiogenesis: Focus on endothelial derived EVs. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 140:106873. [PMID: 33992781 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During myocardial ischemia, timely reperfusion is critical to limit infarct area and the overall loss of cardiac contractile function. However, reperfusion further exacerbates the damage of the ischemic heart. This type of injury is known as ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Ischemic conditioning is a procedure which consists of brief cycles of ischemia and reperfusion in order to protect the myocardium against IRI. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), namely transient brief episodes of ischemia at a remote site before a subsequent damaging ischemia/reperfusion procedure of the target organ (e.g., the heart), protects against IRI. However, how the stimulus of RIC is transduced from the remote organ to the ischemic heart is still unknown. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed to have a role in the RIC procedure. The endothelium releases EVs and is also one of the tissues mostly exposed to EVs during their journey to the target organ. Moreover, EVs may have important roles in angiogenesis and, therefore, in the remodeling of post-ischemic organs. Here we analyze how EVs may contribute to the overall cardioprotective effect and the implication of the endothelium and its EVs in RIC mediated acute cardioprotection as well as in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Alfì
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Cecilia Thairi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Saveria Femminò
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Alloatti
- Uni-Astiss, Polo Universitario Rita Levi Montalcini, 14100 Asti, Italy
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Laboratory of General Physiology, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria F Brizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy.
| | - Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
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Penna C, Femminò S, Caldera F, Rubin Pedrazzo A, Cecone C, Alfì E, Comità S, Higashiyama T, Trotta F, Pagliaro P, Cavalli R. Cyclic Nigerosyl-Nigerose as Oxygen Nanocarrier to Protect Cellular Models from Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury: Implications from an In Vitro Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084208. [PMID: 33921614 PMCID: PMC8073687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) prevalence is increasing among the aging population, and the mortality rate remains unacceptably high despite improvements in therapy. Myocardial ischemia (MI) and, consequently, ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), are frequently the basis of HF development. Therefore, cardioprotective strategies to limit IRI are mandatory. Nanocarriers have been proposed as alternative therapy for cardiovascular disease. Controlled reoxygenation may be a promising strategy. Novel nanocarriers, such as cyclic nigerosyl-nigerose (CNN), can be innovative tools for oxygen delivery in a controlled manner. In this study we analyzed new CNN-based formulations as oxygen nanocarriers (O2-CNN), and compared them with nitrogen CNN (N2-CNN). These different CNN-based formulations were tested using two cellular models, namely, cardiomyoblasts (H9c2), and endothelial (HMEC) cell lines, at different concentrations. The effects on the growth curve during normoxia (21% O2, 5% CO2 and 74% N2) and their protective effects during hypoxia (1% O2, 5% CO2 and 94% N2) and reoxygenation (21% O2, 5% CO2 and 74% N2) were studied. Neither O2-CNN nor N2-CNN has any effect on the growth curve during normoxia. However, O2-CNN applied before hypoxia induces a 15–30% reduction in cell mortality after hypoxia/re-oxygenation when compared to N2-CNN. O2-CNN showed a marked efficacy in controlled oxygenation, which suggests an interesting potential for the future medical application of soluble nanocarrier systems for MI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (S.F.); (E.A.); (S.C.)
| | - Saveria Femminò
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (S.F.); (E.A.); (S.C.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Caldera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (A.R.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Alberto Rubin Pedrazzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (A.R.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Claudio Cecone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (A.R.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Edoardo Alfì
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (S.F.); (E.A.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefano Comità
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (S.F.); (E.A.); (S.C.)
| | - Takanobu Higashiyama
- Hayashibara CO., LTD./Nagase Group 675-1 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama 702-8006, Japan;
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (A.R.P.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: (F.T.); (P.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (S.F.); (E.A.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (F.T.); (P.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.T.); (P.P.); (R.C.)
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