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deRamon EA, Sabbasani VR, Streeter MD, Liu Y, Newhouse TR, McDonald DM, Spiegel DA. Pentosinane, a Post-Translational Modification of Human Proteins with Underappreciated Stability. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21843-21847. [PMID: 36410375 PMCID: PMC11000625 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pentosinane is a structurally complex nonenzymatic post-translational modification of proteins believed to be present in all living things. It falls into the category of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and is structurally related to the other AGEs pentosidine and glucosepane. Although pentosidine and glucosepane have been widely studied for their role in wide-ranging conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, and human aging), relatively little is known about pentosinane. Interestingly, previous reports have suggested that pentosidine may derive from pentosinane. The (patho)physiological significance of pentosinane in humans is largely unexplored. As a first step to address this knowledge gap, we report herein the first total synthesis of pentosinane. Our synthesis is high yielding (1.7% over seven steps), concise, and enantioselective, and it leverages a strategy for synthesizing 2,5-diaminoimidazoles previously developed by our lab. Access to synthetic pentosinane has allowed us to perform additional studies showing that its oxidation to pentosidine is both pH and oxygen dependent and is substantially slower under physiological conditions than previously believed. Additionally, pentosinane rapidly decomposes under harshly acidic conditions typically employed for pentosidine isolation. Taken together, these results suggest that pentosinane is likely to be more abundant in vivo than previously appreciated. We believe these results represent a critical step toward illuminating the role(s) of pentosinane in human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A deRamon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Venkata R Sabbasani
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Matthew D Streeter
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Yannan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Timothy R Newhouse
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - David M McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - David A Spiegel
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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