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Zhong Q, Tan EKW, Martin-Alonso C, Parisi T, Hao L, Kirkpatrick JD, Fadel T, Fleming HE, Jacks T, Bhatia SN. Inhalable point-of-care urinary diagnostic platform. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadj9591. [PMID: 38181080 PMCID: PMC10776015 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj9591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Although low-dose computed tomography screening improves lung cancer survival in at-risk groups, inequality remains in lung cancer diagnosis due to limited access to and high costs of medical imaging infrastructure. We designed a needleless and imaging-free platform, termed PATROL (point-of-care aerosolizable nanosensors with tumor-responsive oligonucleotide barcodes), to reduce resource disparities for early detection of lung cancer. PATROL formulates a set of DNA-barcoded, activity-based nanosensors (ABNs) into an inhalable format. Lung cancer-associated proteases selectively cleave the ABNs, releasing synthetic DNA reporters that are eventually excreted via the urine. The urinary signatures of barcoded nanosensors are quantified within 20 min at room temperature using a multiplexable paper-based lateral flow assay. PATROL detects early-stage tumors in an autochthonous lung adenocarcinoma mouse model with high sensitivity and specificity. Tailoring the library of ABNs may enable not only the modular PATROL platform to lower the resource threshold for lung cancer early detection tools but also the rapid detection of chronic pulmonary disorders and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Marble Center of Cancer Nanomedicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Edward K. W. Tan
- Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Marble Center of Cancer Nanomedicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Carmen Martin-Alonso
- Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tiziana Parisi
- Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Liangliang Hao
- Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Marble Center of Cancer Nanomedicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jesse D. Kirkpatrick
- Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tarek Fadel
- Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Marble Center of Cancer Nanomedicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Heather E. Fleming
- Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sangeeta N. Bhatia
- Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Marble Center of Cancer Nanomedicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Zheng V, Wee IJY, Abdullah HR, Tan S, Tan EKW, Seow-En I. Same-day discharge (SDD) vs standard enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols for major colorectal surgery: a systematic review. Int J Colorectal Dis 2023; 38:110. [PMID: 37121985 PMCID: PMC10149457 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-023-04408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs are well-established, resulting in improved outcomes and shorter length of hospital stay (LOS). Same-day discharge (SDD), or "hyper-ERAS", is a natural progression of ERAS. This systematic review aims to compare the safety and efficacy of SDD against conventional ERAS in colorectal surgery. METHODS The protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (394793). A systematic search was performed in major databases to identify relevant articles, and a narrative systematic review was performed. Primary outcomes were readmission rates and length of hospital stay (LOS). Secondary outcomes were operative time and blood loss, postoperative pain, morbidity, nausea or vomiting, and patient satisfaction. Risks of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included, with five single-arm and eight comparative studies, of which one was a randomised controlled trial. This comprised a total of 38,854 patients (SDD: 1622; ERAS: 37,232). Of the 1622 patients on the SDD pathway, 1590 patients (98%) were successfully discharged within 24 h of surgery. While most studies had an overall low risk of bias, there was considerable variability in inclusion criteria, types of surgery or anaesthesia, and discharge criteria. SDD resulted in a significantly reduced postoperative LOS, without increasing risk of 30-day readmission. Intraoperative blood loss and postoperative morbidity rates were comparable between both groups. Operative duration was shorter in the SDD group. Patient-reported satisfaction was high in the SDD cohort. CONCLUSION SDD protocols appear to be safe and feasible in selected patients undergoing major colorectal operations. Randomised controlled trials are necessary to further substantiate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Zheng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - I J Y Wee
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - H R Abdullah
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - S Tan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - E K W Tan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - I Seow-En
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore.
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Tan EKW, Shrestha PK, Pansare AV, Chakrabarti S, Li S, Chu D, Lowe CR, Nagarkar AA. Density Modulation of Embedded Nanoparticles via Spatial, Temporal, and Chemical Control Elements. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1901802. [PMID: 31691381 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle polymer composites have enabled material multifunctionalities that are difficult to obtain otherwise. A simple modification to a commercially available resin system enables a universal methodology to embed nanoparticles in resins via spatial, temporal, thermal, concentration, and chemical control parameters. Changes in nanoparticle density distribution are exploited to demonstrate dynamic optical and electronic properties that can be processed on-demand, without the need for expensive equipment or cleanroom facilities. This strategy provides access to the control of optical (cooperative plasmonic effects), electronic (insulator to a conductor), and chemical parameters (multimetal patterning). Using the same composite resin system, the followings are fabricated: i) diffraction gratings with tuneable diffraction efficiencies (10-78% diffraction efficiencies), ii) organic electrochemical transistors with a low drive voltage, and iii) embedded electrodes in confined spaces for potential diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K W Tan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Pawan K Shrestha
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Amol V Pansare
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subhananda Chakrabarti
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shunpu Li
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Daping Chu
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Christopher R Lowe
- Cambridge Academy of Therapeutic Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Amit A Nagarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Tan EKW, Rughoobur G, Rubio-Lara J, Tiwale N, Xiao Z, Davidson CAB, Lowe CR, Occhipinti LG. Author Correction: Nanofabrication of Conductive Metallic Structures on Elastomeric Materials. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13865. [PMID: 30206372 PMCID: PMC6133920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edward K W Tan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
| | - Girish Rughoobur
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.,Microsystems Technology Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Juan Rubio-Lara
- Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FF, UK
| | - Nikhil Tiwale
- Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FF, UK
| | - Zhuocong Xiao
- Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FF, UK
| | - Colin A B Davidson
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, UK
| | - Christopher R Lowe
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, UK
| | - Luigi G Occhipinti
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
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Mousavi MPS, Ainla A, Tan EKW, K Abd El-Rahman M, Yoshida Y, Yuan L, Sigurslid HH, Arkan N, Yip MC, Abrahamsson CK, Homer-Vanniasinkam S, Whitesides GM. Ion sensing with thread-based potentiometric electrodes. Lab Chip 2018; 18:2279-2290. [PMID: 29987296 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00352a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Potentiometric sensing of ions with ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) is a powerful technique for selective and sensitive measurement of ions in complex matrices. The application of ISEs is generally limited to laboratory settings, because most commercially available ISEs and reference electrodes are large, delicate, and expensive, and are not suitable for point-of-use or point-of-care measurements. This work utilizes cotton thread as a substrate for fabrication of robust and miniaturized ISEs that are suitable for point-of-care or point-of-use applications. Thread-based ISEs selective for Cl-, K+, Na+, and Ca2+ were developed. The cation-selective ISEs were fabricated by coating the thread with a surfactant-free conductive ink (made of carbon black) and then coating the tip of the conductive thread with the ion-selective membrane. The Cl- ISE was fabricated by coating the thread with an Ag/AgCl ink. These sensors exhibited slopes (of electrical potential vs. log concentration of target ion), close to the theoretically-expected values, over four orders of magnitude in concentrations of ions. Because thread is mechanically strong, the thread-based electrodes can be used in multiple-use applications as well as single-use applications. Multiple thread-based sensors can be easily bundled together to fabricate a customized sensor for multiplexed ion-sensing. These electrodes require volumes of sample as low as 200 μL. The application of thread-based ISEs is demonstrated in the analysis of ions in soil, food, and dietary supplements (Cl- in soil/water slurry, K+ and Na+ in coconut water, and Ca2+ in a calcium supplement), and in detection of physiological electrolytes (K+ and Na+ in blood serum and urine, with sufficient accuracy for clinical diagnostics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral P S Mousavi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Tan EKW, Rughoobur G, Rubio-Lara J, Tiwale N, Xiao Z, Davidson CAB, Lowe CR, Occhipinti LG. Nanofabrication of Conductive Metallic Structures on Elastomeric Materials. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6607. [PMID: 29700337 PMCID: PMC5920093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing techniques for patterning metallic structures on elastomers are limited in terms of resolution, yield and scalability. The primary constraint is the incompatibility of their physical properties with conventional cleanroom techniques. We demonstrate a reliable fabrication strategy to transfer high resolution metallic structures of <500 nm in dimension on elastomers. The proposed method consists of producing a metallic pattern using conventional lithographic techniques on silicon coated with a thin sacrificial aluminium layer. Subsequent wet etching of the sacrificial layer releases the elastomer with the embedded metallic pattern. Using this method, a nano-resistor with minimum feature size of 400 nm is fabricated on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and applied in gas sensing. Adsorption of solvents in the PDMS causes swelling and increases the device resistance, which therefore enables the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Sensitivity to chloroform and toluene vapor with a rapid response (~30 s) and recovery (~200 s) is demonstrated using this PDMS nano-resistor at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K W Tan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
| | - Girish Rughoobur
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.,Microsystems Technology Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Juan Rubio-Lara
- Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FF, UK
| | - Nikhil Tiwale
- Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FF, UK
| | - Zhuocong Xiao
- Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FF, UK
| | - Colin A B Davidson
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, UK
| | - Christopher R Lowe
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, UK
| | - Luigi G Occhipinti
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
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