From 1D to 3D Graphitic Carbon Nitride (Melon): A Bottom-Up Route via Crystalline Microporous Templates

Herein, we present a novel bottom-up preparation route for heptazine-based polymers (melon), also known as graphitic carbon nitride. The growth characteristics of isolated 1D melon strings in microporous templates are presented and studied in detail. Removal of the microporous silicate template via etching is accompanied by the self-assembly of a 1D melon to stacked 3D structures. The advantages and limitations of the bottom-up approach are shown by using microporous templates with different pore sizes (ETS-10, ZSM-5, and zeolite Y). In accordance with the molecular size of the heptazine units (0.67 nm), a 1D melon can be deposited in ETS-10 with a pore width of about 0.78 nm, whereas its formation in the smaller 0.47 nm pores of ZSM-5 is sterically impeded. The self-assembly of isolated 1D melon to stacked 3D structures offers a novel experimental perspective to the controversial debate on the polymerization degree in 2D sheets of graphitic carbon nitride as micropore sizes below 1 nm confine the condensation degree of heptazine to isolated 1D strands at a molecular level. The growth characteristics and structural features were investigated by X-ray diffraction, N2 physisorption, scanning transmission electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, 13C CP-NMR spectroscopy, and attenuated total reflection-infrared spectroscopy.

Rhodium catalyzed one-step hydroamidation of cyclopentadiene and dicyclopentadiene

The carboxylic acid amide group is of great importance in the contemporary chemical and pharmaceutical industries. A one-step rhodium catalyzed direct route from alkene to amide is presented via the hydroamidation reaction of cyclopentadiene and dicyclopentadiene.

Rhodium-catalyzed hydroaminomethylation of cyclopentadiene

The substance class of amines is highly relevant for chemical and pharmaceutical industries. A one-step rhodium catalyzed direct route from cyclopentadiene to saturated C₆-amines is presented via hydroaminomethylation.