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Papadopoulou OS, Doulgeraki A, Panagou E, Argyri AA. Editorial: Recent advances and future perspective in probiotics isolated from fermented foods: From quality assessment to novel products. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1150175. [PMID: 36825090 PMCID: PMC9941732 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1150175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olga S. Papadopoulou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, Lykovrysi, Greece,*Correspondence: Olga S. Papadopoulou ✉
| | - Agapi Doulgeraki
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, Lykovrysi, Greece
| | - Efstathios Panagou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anthoula A. Argyri
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, Lykovrysi, Greece
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Panou E, Panagou E, Foley C, Kravvas G, Watchorn R, Alnajjar H, Muneer A, Bunker CB. Male genital lichen sclerosus associated with urological interventions and microincontinence: a case series of 21 patients. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 47:107-109. [PMID: 34499360 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc) is an acquired, chronic, inflammatory cutaneous disease associated with significant morbidity and squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Consideration of all of the evidence suggests that chronic exposure of susceptible epithelium to urinary occlusion by the foreskin is the most likely pathomechanism. MGLSc never occurs in men who were circumcised at birth, and has been associated with trauma, instrumentation and anatomical abnormalities, e.g. frank hypospadia that results in microincontinence. AIM To describe 21 patients who developed MGLSc following urological diagnoses and procedures. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of patients with a diagnosis of MGLSc whose symptoms related to urological procedures who attended or saw one of the authors (CBB) privately during the period June-October 2018. RESULTS In total, 21 patients (mean age 59 years) were identified. The referrals came from the local urology departments, primary care or extramural dermatology services. Most of the patients were uncircumcised men. All had developed symptoms and signs of MGLSc within 5 years following their urological procedure; on examination, 30% of the patients were found to have damp penile skin due to microincontinence. Of the 21 patients, 10 had undergone radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer, 4 had a diagnosis of Peyronie disease, 4 had undergone multiple cystoscopies and urethroscopies, 2 had undergone surgery on the bladder neck and 1 had undergone implantation of a penile prosthesis to treat erectile dysfunction. CONCLUSION This case series further strengthens the urinary occlusion hypothesis for the causation of MGLSc. It is important to recognize that urological interventions can create incompetence of the naviculomeatal valve post voiding. In uncircumcised men, this creates a risk factor for MGLSc that was not previously present. Occlusion, the phenomenon of koebnerization and currently unelucidated epithelial susceptibility factors lead to inflammation, sclerosis and cancer. Patients and urologists should be aware of these possibilities and preventative measures instituted, e.g. adaptive voiding habits and barrier protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Panou
- Departments of Dermatology, University College Hospital
| | - E Panagou
- Departments of Dermatology, University College Hospital
| | - C Foley
- Departments of Dermatology, University College Hospital
| | - G Kravvas
- Departments of Dermatology, University College Hospital
| | - R Watchorn
- Departments of Dermatology, University College Hospital
| | - H Alnajjar
- Urology, University College Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Muneer
- Urology, University College Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C B Bunker
- Departments of Dermatology, University College Hospital
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Christofi S, Malliaris D, Katsaros G, Panagou E, Kallithraka S. Limit SO2 content of wines by applying High Hydrostatic Pressure. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Pavli F, Gkana E, Adebambo O, Karatzas KA, Panagou E, Nychas GJE. Ιn Vitro Screening of γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Autoinducer-2 Signalling in Lactic Acid Bacteria Exhibiting Probiotic Potential Isolated from Natural Black Conservolea Olives. Foods 2019; 8:foods8120640. [PMID: 31817226 PMCID: PMC6963526 DOI: 10.3390/foods8120640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 33 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) previously isolated from natural black Conservolea olives were assessed for their probiotic potential in vitro, as well as for their autoinducer-2 (AI-2) activity under standard growth conditions and the production of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The probiotic tests included the in vitro resistance to low pH and resistance to bile salts, the evaluation of bile salt hydrolase activity, as well as safety tests regarding their possible haemolytic activity and their antimicrobial activity against pathogens. The results indicated that 17 strains were able to survive in low pH and in the presence of bile, with 15 of them also exhibiting partial bile salt hydrolase activity. None of the strains exhibited haemolytic activity or inhibited the growth of any of the examined pathogens. Moreover, the strains displayed generally low AI-2 activity under the growth conditions tested, regardless of the species. Interestingly, in contrast to what has been found in most foods, none of the isolates were found to produce GABA after 48 h of growth. The results from the AI-2 activity and extracellular GABA detection were considered as unexpected for LAB with probiotic attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Pavli
- Laboratory of Microbiology Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (F.P.); (E.G.); (E.P.)
| | - Eleni Gkana
- Laboratory of Microbiology Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (F.P.); (E.G.); (E.P.)
| | - Oluwabunmi Adebambo
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; (O.A.); (K.-A.K.)
| | - Kimon-Andreas Karatzas
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; (O.A.); (K.-A.K.)
| | - Efstathios Panagou
- Laboratory of Microbiology Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (F.P.); (E.G.); (E.P.)
| | - George-John E. Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (F.P.); (E.G.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Christofi S, Malliaris D, Kotseridis Y, Panagou E, Proxenia N, Kallithraka S. Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on selected red wine quality parameters. BIO Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20191202015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to examine the possible use of High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) as an alternative method for wine preservation, which could also lead to the production of wines with reduced amounts of SO2. For this purpose, red wine samples containing 0 ppm, 30 ppm, 60 ppm and 100 ppm of sulphur dioxide (SO2) were subjected to pressure of 350 MPa for 10 min at 8 ∘C. A second set of samples containing only SO2 was used as control. Colour parameters, acetic acid, total anthocyanin and phenolic contents and antioxidant activity were determined over a period of twelve months. During the first four months, most of the differences observed regarding the chemical composition of the pressurized and unpressurized wines were not statistically significant. However, after the period of six months, the pressurized samples in general were characterized by higher average values % yellow colour and acetic acid and lower of % red colour, total anthocyanin and phenolic content compared to the non-pressurized ones. The results obtained could be a possible indication that HHP could accelerate the polymerization reactions reducing the time needed for wine ageing. HHP combined with reduced SO2 contents might be a promising technology for wine industry.
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Estelles-Lopez L, Ropodi A, Pavlidis D, Fotopoulou J, Gkousari C, Peyrodie A, Panagou E, Nychas GJ, Mohareb F. An automated ranking platform for machine learning regression models for meat spoilage prediction using multi-spectral imaging and metabolic profiling. Food Res Int 2017; 99:206-215. [PMID: 28784477 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, analytical approaches based on vibrational spectroscopy, hyperspectral/multispectral imagining and biomimetic sensors started gaining popularity as rapid and efficient methods for assessing food quality, safety and authentication; as a sensible alternative to the expensive and time-consuming conventional microbiological techniques. Due to the multi-dimensional nature of the data generated from such analyses, the output needs to be coupled with a suitable statistical approach or machine-learning algorithms before the results can be interpreted. Choosing the optimum pattern recognition or machine learning approach for a given analytical platform is often challenging and involves a comparative analysis between various algorithms in order to achieve the best possible prediction accuracy. In this work, "MeatReg", a web-based application is presented, able to automate the procedure of identifying the best machine learning method for comparing data from several analytical techniques, to predict the counts of microorganisms responsible of meat spoilage regardless of the packaging system applied. In particularly up to 7 regression methods were applied and these are ordinary least squares regression, stepwise linear regression, partial least square regression, principal component regression, support vector regression, random forest and k-nearest neighbours. MeatReg" was tested with minced beef samples stored under aerobic and modified atmosphere packaging and analysed with electronic nose, HPLC, FT-IR, GC-MS and Multispectral imaging instrument. Population of total viable count, lactic acid bacteria, pseudomonads, Enterobacteriaceae and B. thermosphacta, were predicted. As a result, recommendations of which analytical platforms are suitable to predict each type of bacteria and which machine learning methods to use in each case were obtained. The developed system is accessible via the link: www.sorfml.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Estelles-Lopez
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Agrifood, School of Water, Energy and Environment Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Athina Ropodi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, GR 11855, Greece
| | - Dimitris Pavlidis
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, GR 11855, Greece
| | - Jenny Fotopoulou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, GR 11855, Greece
| | - Christina Gkousari
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, GR 11855, Greece
| | - Audrey Peyrodie
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Agrifood, School of Water, Energy and Environment Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Efstathios Panagou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, GR 11855, Greece
| | - George-John Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, GR 11855, Greece
| | - Fady Mohareb
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Agrifood, School of Water, Energy and Environment Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.
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Tsakanikas P, Pavlidis D, Panagou E, Nychas GJ. Exploiting multispectral imaging for non-invasive contamination assessment and mapping of meat samples. Talanta 2016; 161:606-614. [PMID: 27769454 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, imaging and machine vision are gaining attention to food stakeholders since these are considered to be the emerging tools for food safety and quality assessment throughout the whole food chain. Herein, multispectral imaging, a surface chemistry sensor type, has been evaluated in terms of monitoring aerobically packaged beef filet spoilage at different storage temperatures (2, 8, and 15°C) and storage time. Spectral data acquired from the surface of meat samples (with/without background flora; +BF/-BF respectively) along with microbiological analysis. Qualitative analysis was employed for the discrimination of meat samples in two microbiological quality classes based on the values of total viable counts (TVC<2log10CFU/g and TVC>2log10CFU/g). Furthermore, a Support Vector Regression model was developed to provide quantitative estimations of microbial counts during storage. Results exhibit good performance with overall correct classification rate for the two quality classes ranging from 89.2% to 80.8% for model validation. The calculated regression results to an R-square of 0.98.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Tsakanikas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitris Pavlidis
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Efstathios Panagou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - George-John Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Panagou E, Zakout G, Keshani J, Smith C, Irish D, Mackinnon S, Kottaridis P, Fielding A, Griffiths PD. Cytomegalovirus pre-emptive therapy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the era of real-time quantitative PCR: comparison with recipients of solid organ transplants. Transpl Infect Dis 2016; 18:405-14. [PMID: 27061703 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) continues to be an important complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and solid organ transplantation. METHODS In this study, 314 patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation between January 2003 and October 2011 were tested serially for CMV DNA by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for 90 days post transplantation. Patients with CMV viremia >3000 genomes/mL (equivalent to 2520 IU/mL) received pre-emptive therapy and were compared with previously published data from solid organ transplant (SOT) patients monitored and treated in exactly the same way. RESULTS After stem cell transplant (SCT), 48% of patients developed at least 1 episode of viremia. The median duration of a viremic episode was 25 days and the peak viral load (VL) was 4784 genomes/mL whole blood (equivalent to 4019 IU/mL). The data demonstrated that recipients with positive CMV serostatus were at increased risk of developing viremia, with 0% of donor-negative/recipient-negative (D-R-), 3.7% of D+R-, 79.5% of D-R+, and 74.2% of D+R+ groups developing viremia over follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio for D+R- vs. D+R+ group 0.03; 95% confidence interval 0.004, 0.18; P = 0.0013). In contrast with SOT patients, where 58/74 (78%) D+R- patients had viremia, a low risk of CMV infection was seen after stem cell transplantation (1/27; 3.7%). CONCLUSION As both groups of patients, the previously published SOT patients and the present hematopoietic SCT patients, were monitored using the same protocol and qPCR assay with pre-emptive therapy administered at the same VL cutoffs, the distinct differences seen cannot be explained by differences in testing or management and thus emphasize distinct aspects of the natural history of CMV infection post transplant in these 2 patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Panagou
- Centre for Virology, Division of Infection and Immunity, UCL Medical School, London, UK
| | - G Zakout
- Department of Haematology/Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J Keshani
- Department of Haematology/Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - C Smith
- Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL Medical School, London, UK
| | - D Irish
- Centre for Virology, Division of Infection and Immunity, UCL Medical School, London, UK
| | - S Mackinnon
- Department of Haematology/Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - P Kottaridis
- Department of Haematology/Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A Fielding
- Department of Haematology/Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - P D Griffiths
- Centre for Virology, Division of Infection and Immunity, UCL Medical School, London, UK
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Dimou A, Panagou E, Stoforos NG, Yanniotis S. Analysis of thermal processing of table olives using computational fluid dynamics. J Food Sci 2013; 78:E1695-703. [PMID: 24245887 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the thermal processing of table olives in brine in a stationary metal can was studied through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The flow patterns of the brine and the temperature evolution in the olives and brine during the heating and the cooling cycles of the process were calculated using the CFD code. Experimental temperature measurements at 3 points (2 inside model olive particles and 1 at a point in the brine) in a can (with dimensions of 75 mm × 105 mm) filled with 48 olives in 4% (w/v) brine, initially held at 20 °C, heated in water at 100 °C for 10 min, and thereafter cooled in water at about 20 °C for 10 min, validated model predictions. The distribution of temperature and F-values and the location of the slowest heating zone and the critical point within the product, as far as microbial destruction is concerned, were assessed for several cases. For the cases studied, the critical point was located at the interior of the olives at the 2nd, or between the 1st and the 2nd olive row from the bottom of the container, the exact location being affected by olive size, olive arrangement, and geometry of the container.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dimou
- Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural Univ. of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Liatsos C, Kyriakos N, Vasilakos I, Veloudis G, Patrikos D, Fragopoulos C, Tambakopoulos D, Panagou E. Diffuse enteric ischemia due to Wegener's granulomatosis revealed by capsule endoscopy (with video). Endoscopy 2010; 42 Suppl 2:E39. [PMID: 20073012 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1215319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Liatsos
- Department of Gastroenterology, 401 Army General Hospital Athens, Greece.
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Rokkas T, Ladas SD, Liatsos C, Panagou E, Karameris A, Raptis SA. Effectiveness of acid suppression in preventing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) after successful treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Dig Dis Sci 2001; 46:1567-72. [PMID: 11478511 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010616710501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that Helicobacter pylori eradication might predispose to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The aim of this prospective study was to examine the effectiveness of antisecretory treatment, after successful H. pylori eradication, in preventing GERD, since no data exist so far. Eighty initially H. pylori(+) patients, without GERD at the time of H. pylori eradication [50 peptic ulcer (PU) and 30 nonulcer (NU), 55 men, 25 women, median age 38 years, range 19-57], after successful H. pylori eradication were randomized to recieve either omeprazole 20 mg daily (group A) or no treatment (group B) for one year. All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at 0, 6, and 12 months or when GERD symptoms occurred. There were 40 patients in each group, and there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of sex, age, body weight, ulcer/no ulcer ratio, and other demographic data. Seven patients from group A and five patients from group B were lost to follow-up, and therefore there were 33 and 35 patients in groups A and B, respectively, who completed the study. One of 33 patients in group A (3%) and 10/35 (28.5%) in group B developed GERD symptoms during follow-up (P = 0.0022). The respective values for esophagitis were 0/33 (0%) and 6/35 (17.1%) (P = 0.0083). In conclusion, antisecretory treatment in H. pylori(+) patients, after successful eradication, is effective in preventing GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rokkas
- Gastroenterology Unit, 401 Army General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Kolovou G, Hoursalas I, Argentos S, Kelekis N, Hatzaki A, Panagou E, Mastorakou I, Kelekis D, Cokkinos D. Achilles tendon xanthoma significantly decrease after intensive lipid lowering. Atherosclerosis 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(99)80128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Burroughs AK, Panagou E. Pharmacological therapy for portal hypertension: rationale and results. Semin Gastrointest Dis 1995; 6:148-64. [PMID: 7551972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Drug therapy for acute variceal bleeding should be viewed as an adjunct to emergency sclerotherapy. Its role in preventing very early rebleeding (within days) following sclerotherapy needs to be established. The best candidates for such a role are somatostatin and octreotide, but glypressin and vasopressin and nitroglycerin combinations have therapeutic effects in the short-term. Propranolol is the drug for long-term prevention of rebleeding and prevention of the first variceal bleed. For primary prophylaxis it significantly reduces the rate of bleeding, and there is a trend towards reducing mortality. It should be used in cirrhotic patients with large varices. For secondary prophylaxis, propranolol significantly reduces rebleeding but does not improve survival. The reduction in rebleeding is similar to long-term sclerotherapy when compared in randomized studies. There is no value in adding beta-blockers to sclerotherapy compared with sclerotherapy alone, but few studies have evaluated the effects after the eradication of varices. beta-Blockers can be used as the first-line therapy to prevent variceal rebleeding. They also have been shown to reduce the frequency of rebleeding from congestive gastropathy. Many patients do not have a portal pressure reduction with propranolol. The addition of isosorbide mononitrate converts many nonresponders to responders. Current clinical trials are evaluating if therapeutic efficacy is improved by these drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Burroughs
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Medicine Department, Royal Free Hospital, Hampstead, London
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