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Fracella M, Oliveto G, Roberto P, Cinti L, Gentile M, Coratti E, D’Ettorre G, Cavallari EN, Romano F, Santinelli L, Maddaloni L, Frasca F, Scagnolari C, Antonelli G, Pierangeli A. The Epidemiology of Anal Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Women and Men: A Ten-Year Retrospective Observational Study in Rome (Italy). Pathogens 2024; 13:163. [PMID: 38392901 PMCID: PMC10892302 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) commonly infect the anogenital mucosa; most infections are transient, but a fraction of those caused by high-risk (HR) types persist and may lead to anogenital cancer. The epidemiology of HPV genotypes in anal infections in groups at different risk for anal cancer has not been well described in Italy. This retrospective study reports the results of HPV DNA testing and complete genotyping performed on anal swabs from 691 female and male patients attending proctology clinics in Rome during 2012-2021; one-third had repeated testing. Cumulative HPV positivity in 1212 anal swabs was approximately 60%, was not age related, and showed an increasing trend over the study period. HPV rates differed significantly by sex and HIV status: HIV-negative women had the lowest (43.6%) and HIV-positive men the highest (83.5%) HPV prevalence. HIV-positive men had more oncogenic HPV genotypes detected, more multiple infections, and the highest frequency of persistent infections. Two-thirds of all infections were vaccine-preventable. This study found that anal HPV infection rates are still elevated and even increasing in groups at low and high risk of developing anal cancer. Prevention programs need to be improved to reduce rates of anal infection in young women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fracella
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (G.O.); (M.G.); (E.C.); (F.F.); (C.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Oliveto
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (G.O.); (M.G.); (E.C.); (F.F.); (C.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Piergiorgio Roberto
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, 00186 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Lilia Cinti
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, 00186 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Massimo Gentile
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (G.O.); (M.G.); (E.C.); (F.F.); (C.S.); (G.A.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, 00186 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Eleonora Coratti
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (G.O.); (M.G.); (E.C.); (F.F.); (C.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Gabriella D’Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (E.N.C.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Eugenio Nelson Cavallari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (E.N.C.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Romano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (E.N.C.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (E.N.C.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Luca Maddaloni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (E.N.C.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Federica Frasca
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (G.O.); (M.G.); (E.C.); (F.F.); (C.S.); (G.A.)
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (E.N.C.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (G.O.); (M.G.); (E.C.); (F.F.); (C.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (G.O.); (M.G.); (E.C.); (F.F.); (C.S.); (G.A.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, 00186 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (G.O.); (M.G.); (E.C.); (F.F.); (C.S.); (G.A.)
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