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Rizzello F, Viciani E, Gionchetti P, Filippone E, Imbesi V, Melotti L, Dussias NK, Salice M, Santacroce B, Padella A, Velichevskaya A, Marcante A, Castagnetti A. Signatures of disease outcome severity in the intestinal fungal and bacterial microbiome of COVID-19 patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1352202. [PMID: 38510960 PMCID: PMC10952111 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1352202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19, whose causative pathogen is the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic in March 2020. The gastrointestinal tract is one of the targets of this virus, and mounting evidence suggests that gastrointestinal symptoms may contribute to disease severity. The gut-lung axis is involved in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2; therefore, we investigated whether COVID-19 patients' bacterial and fungal gut microbiome composition was linked to disease clinical outcome. Methods In May 2020, we collected stool samples and patient records from 24 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Fungal and bacterial gut microbiome was characterized by amplicon sequencing on the MiSeq, Illumina's integrated next generation sequencing instrument. A cohort of 201 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers from the project PRJNA661289 was used as a control group for the bacterial gut microbiota analysis. Results We observed that female COVID-19 patients had a lower gut bacterial microbiota richness than male patients, which was consistent with a different latency in hospital admittance time between the two groups. Both sexes in the COVID-19 patient study group displayed multiple positive associations with opportunistic bacterial pathogens such as Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Actinomyces. Of note, the Candida genus dominated the gut mycobiota of COVID-19 patients, and adult patients showed a higher intestinal fungal diversity than elderly patients. We found that Saccharomycetales unassigned fungal genera were positively associated with bacterial short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers and negatively associated with the proinflammatory genus Bilophila in COVID-19 patients, and we observed that none of the patients who harbored it were admitted to the high-intensity unit. Conclusions COVID-19 was associated with opportunistic bacterial pathogens, and Candida was the dominant fungal taxon in the intestine. Together, we found an association between commensal SCFA-producers and a fungal genus that was present in the intestines of patients who did not experience the most severe outcome of the disease. We believe that this taxon could have played a role in the disease outcome, and that further studies should be conducted to understand the role of fungi in gastrointestinal and health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rizzello
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical and Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Gionchetti
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical and Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Filippone
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical and Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Imbesi
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Melotti
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical and Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nikolas Konstantine Dussias
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical and Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Salice
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Rizzello F, Saracino IM, Gionchetti P, Valerii MC, Ricci C, Imbesi V, Filippone E, Bellocchio I, Dussias NK, Dervieux T, Spisni E. Nutritional Biomarkers for the Prediction of Response to Anti-TNF-α Therapy in Crohn's Disease: New Tools for New Approaches. Nutrients 2024; 16:280. [PMID: 38257172 PMCID: PMC10818399 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic disorder of the digestive tract characterized by an uncontrolled immune-mediated inflammatory response in genetically predisposed individuals exposed to environmental risk factors. Although diet has been identified as one of the major environmental risk factors, the role of nutrients in the clinical management of CD patients has not yet been fully investigated. In this prospective observational study, fifty-four patients diagnosed with active Crohn's disease and undergoing anti-TNF-α biological therapy were enrolled and subjected to nutrient intake analysis through a daily food diary. Their nutrient intake and blood values were analyzed before and after 6 months of biological therapy. After 6 months of anti-TNF-α, four patients dropped out of the study, leaving 29 patients in clinical remission and 21 still with active disease that remained the same. The aim of this study was to identify nutrients whose intake or blood values may be associated with patients' responses to biological therapy. In the diet, patients remaining with active CD showed very similar nutrient dietary intake compared to patients achieving remission except for a trend for lower starting zinc intake, below the reference value. In the blood, instead, patients who did not respond to biological therapy showed significantly lower plasma values of iron and taurine before starting biological anti-TNF-α treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rizzello
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.R.); (P.G.); (V.I.); (E.F.); (N.K.D.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical and Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Maria Saracino
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Paolo Gionchetti
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.R.); (P.G.); (V.I.); (E.F.); (N.K.D.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical and Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Valerii
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Chiara Ricci
- Gastroenterology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, Piazza del Mercato 15, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Veronica Imbesi
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.R.); (P.G.); (V.I.); (E.F.); (N.K.D.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical and Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Filippone
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.R.); (P.G.); (V.I.); (E.F.); (N.K.D.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical and Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Bellocchio
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Nikolas Konstantine Dussias
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.R.); (P.G.); (V.I.); (E.F.); (N.K.D.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical and Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Thierry Dervieux
- Prometheus Laboratories, 9410 Carroll Park Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA;
| | - Enzo Spisni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (E.S.)
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Rizzello F, Calabrese C, Salice M, Calandrini L, Privitera H, Melotti L, Peruzzi G, Dussias N, Belluzzi A, Scaioli E, Decorato A, Siniscalchi A, Filippone E, Laureti S, Rottoli M, Poggioli G, Gionchetti P. COVID-19 in IBD: The experience of a single tertiary IBD center. Dig Liver Dis 2021; 53:271-276. [PMID: 33451910 PMCID: PMC7764386 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Italy has been one of the most affected countries in the world by COVID-19. There has been increasing concern regarding the impact of COVID-19 on patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly in patients treated with immunosuppressants or biologics. The aim of our study is to understand the incidence of COVID-19 in a large cohort of patients with IBD. Furthermore, we analyzed possible risk factors for infection and severity of COVID-19. METHODS This was an observational study evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on IBD patients in a single tertiary center. A 23 multiple-choice-question anonymous survey was administered to 1200 patients with IBD between March 10th and June 10th 2020. RESULTS 1158 questionnaires were analyzed. The majority of patients had Crohn's disease (CD) (60%) and most of them were in clinical remission. Among the 26 patients (2.2%) who tested positive for COVID-19, only 5 (3CD) were on biological treatment and none required hospitalization. Two patients died and were on treatment with mesalazine only. Of the 1158 patients, 521 were on biological therapy, which was discontinued in 85 (16.3%) and delayed in 195 patients (37.4%). A worsening of IBD symptoms was observed in 200 patients on biological therapy (38.4%). Most of these patients, 189 (94.5%), had stopped or delayed biological treatment, while 11 (5.5%) had continued their therapy regularly (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our data are in line with the current literature and confirm a higher incidence compared to the general population. Biological therapy for IBD seems to not be a risk factor for infection and should not be discontinued in order to avoid IBD relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rizzello
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, DIMEC Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Calabrese
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, DIMEC Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Salice
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, DIMEC Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Calandrini
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, DIMEC Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Hana Privitera
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, DIMEC Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Melotti
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, DIMEC Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Peruzzi
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, DIMEC Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nikolas Dussias
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, DIMEC Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Belluzzi
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, DIMEC Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Scaioli
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, DIMEC Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anastasio Decorato
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, DIMEC Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Siniscalchi
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, DIMEC Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Filippone
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, DIMEC Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvio Laureti
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, DIMEC Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Rottoli
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, DIMEC Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gilberto Poggioli
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, DIMEC Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Gionchetti
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, DIMEC Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
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La Russa M, Bogen C, Uhmeyer A, Doebbe A, Filippone E, Kruse O, Mussgnug JH. Functional analysis of three type-2 DGAT homologue genes for triacylglycerol production in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biotechnol 2012; 162:13-20. [PMID: 22542934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms like plants and algae can use sunlight to produce lipids as important metabolic compounds. Plant-derived triacylglycerols (TAGs) are valuable for human and animal nutrition because of their high energy content and are becoming increasingly important for the production of renewable biofuels. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) have been demonstrated to play an important role in the accumulation of TAG compounds in higher plants. DGAT homologue genes have been identified in the genome of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, however their function in vivo is still unknown. In this work, the three most promising type-2 DGAT candidate genes potentially involved in TAG lipid accumulation (CrDGAT2a, b and c) were investigated by constructing overexpression strains. For each of the genes, three strains were identified which showed enhanced mRNA levels of between 1.7 and 29.1 times that of the wild type (wt). Total lipid contents, neutral lipids and fatty acid profiles were determined and showed that an enhanced mRNA expression level of the investigated DGAT genes did not boost the intracellular TAG accumulation or resulted in alterations of the fatty acid profiles compared to wild type during standard growth condition or during nitrogen or sulfur stress conditions. We conclude that biotechnological efforts to enhance cellular TAG amount in microalgae need further insights into the complex network of lipid biosynthesis to identify potential bottlenecks of neutral lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M La Russa
- Algae Biotechnology & Bioenergy, Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology-CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Rovno HD, Feig SA, Hughes JS, Hurford MT, Karasick D, Filippone E. Breast imaging case of the day. Spontaneously disappearing benign calcifications of the breast. Radiographics 1998; 18:1599-604. [PMID: 9821202 DOI: 10.1148/radiographics.18.6.9821202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H D Rovno
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Lorito M, Woo SL, Garcia I, Colucci G, Harman GE, Pintor-Toro JA, Filippone E, Muccifora S, Lawrence CB, Zoina A, Tuzun S, Scala F, Fernandez IG. Genes from mycoparasitic fungi as a source for improving plant resistance to fungal pathogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:7860-5. [PMID: 9653105 PMCID: PMC20894 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.14.7860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease resistance in transgenic plants has been improved, for the first time, by the insertion of a gene from a biocontrol fungus. The gene encoding a strongly antifungal endochitinase from the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma harzianum was transferred to tobacco and potato. High expression levels of the fungal gene were obtained in different plant tissues, which had no visible effect on plant growth and development. Substantial differences in endochitinase activity were detected among transformants. Selected transgenic lines were highly tolerant or completely resistant to the foliar pathogens Alternaria alternata, A. solani, Botrytis cinerea, and the soilborne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. The high level and the broad spectrum of resistance obtained with a single chitinase gene from Trichoderma overcome the limited efficacy of transgenic expression in plants of chitinase genes from plants and bacteria. These results demonstrate a rich source of genes from biocontrol fungi that can be used to control diseases in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lorito
- Dipartimento di Arboricoltura, Botanica e Patologia Vegetale, sezione di Patologia Vegetale/CETELOBI, Italy.
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Rao R, Manzi A, Filippone E, Manfredi P, Spasiano A, Colucci G, Monti LM, Malva C. Synthesis and expression of genes encoding putative insect neuropeptide precursors in tobacco. Gene 1996; 175:1-5. [PMID: 8917068 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(96)00112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are the key molecules in a multiplicity of physiological processes and their use in pest control has recently been suggested. Most neuropeptides are produced in the form of a precursor that is cleaved by proteolysis to yield various biologically active peptides. To mimic this structure, a method has been developed for synthesizing genes that code for putative polyneuropeptide precursors. As a model neuropeptide, the 5-amino-acid proctolin, one of the best studied invertebrate neuropeptides, functioning both as a visceral and a skeletal neuromuscular transmitter, was chosen. The synthetic gene was introduced into bacteria and tobacco plants, where it was efficiently transcribed. We present our results as a possible approach for the expression, in a variety of organisms, of synthetic genes coding for a wide repertoire of insect neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rao
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agronomiche e Genetica Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy
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Filippone E, Lurquin PF. Stable transformation of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) by cocultivation of tissues withAgrobacterium tumefaciens carrying a binary plasmid vector. Plant Cell Rep 1989; 8:370-373. [PMID: 24233279 DOI: 10.1007/bf00716677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/1989] [Revised: 07/31/1989] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Stable transformation of eggplant to kanamycin resistance was obtained by cocultivation of cotyledonary and young leaves with the hypervirulent, fully oncogenicAgrobacterium tumefaciens strain A281 carrying plasmid pGA472. No transformation was observed when using the disarmedA. tumefaciens LBA4404 strain carrying pGA472 or when using either strain for cocultivation with eggplant suspension cells.The NPTII enzyme and DNA dot blot assays performed on callus cells growing in the presence of kanamycin indicated both the presence and expression of the foreign gene. The highest proportion of transformed explants was obtained from intact cotyledonary leaf pieces while the highest NPTII enzyme specific activity was detected in callus cells originating from superficially wounded cotyledonary leaf pieces. Kanamycin-resistant plantlets were regenerated after six months in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Filippone
- Centro di Studio per il Miglioramento Genetico degli Ortaggi, C.N.R., Via Università 133, 80055, Portici, Italy
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Filippone E, Lurquin PF. PROPLASM: an Apple Mcintosh computer program for proportional plasmid map drawing. Biotechniques 1988; 6:574-5. [PMID: 3273190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Filippone
- Program in Genetics and Cell Biology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-4350
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