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Collazzoni A, Imburgia L, Talevi D, Pacitti F, Gregori E, Stratta P, Socci V, Rossi R. Childhood family stress and adult resilience in a sample of depressed patients. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:255-257. [PMID: 33418375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to explore the effect of childhood family stress on depression, personal, and social resilience in depressed patients. METHODS We assessed childhood family stress (RFQ), depression (BSI, depression subscale), and resilience (RSA) in 152 depressed patients, 70 males, and 82 females. We calculated the 33rd and 66th percentiles of RFQ scores to divide the sample among Low, Medium, and High RFQ subgroups. A one-way ANOVA has been carried out to explore the differences between the variables in the subgroups. Finally, two regression analyses with depression, as the dependent variable, and resilience, divided for stress-sensitive and no stress-sensitive factors as independent variables, have been implemented. RESULTS The one-way ANOVA showed that the Low subgroup had a positive profile, the Medium had an intermediate profile, while the High had a negative one for depression, personal (structured style and social competence), and interpersonal (social resources) resilience. The other factors (perception of self, planned future, and family cohesion) did not show differences in the subgroups, suggesting they are no stress sensitive. Regression analysis showed that no stress-sensitive factors have a constant and significant predictive value for depression in all subgroups; while, stress-sensitive ones showed a growing predictive value for depression from Low to Medium, but not in High, suggesting a ceiling effect. LIMITATIONS The use of self-report measures, the cross-sectional nature of the study, and the lack of a non-clinical and/or outpatient samples. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a contribution to the understanding of the effect of childhood family stress on adult resilience and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Collazzoni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito II, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy; Renewed Freedom Center for Rapid Anxiety Relief, Division of Strategic Cognitive Behavioral Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - L Imburgia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito II, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - D Talevi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito II, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - F Pacitti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito II, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - E Gregori
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito II, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paolo Stratta
- Department of Mental Health, ASL1, Via Capo Croce 1, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valentina Socci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito II, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - R Rossi
- Department of Systems Medicine, PhD program, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Cracovia 50, 00133 Roma, Italy
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Granziol U, Brancaccio A, Pizziconi G, Spangaro M, Gentili F, Bosia M, Gregori E, Luperini C, Pavan C, Santarelli V, Cavallaro R, Cremonese C, Favaro A, Rossi A, Vidotto G, Spoto A. On the Implementation of Computerized Adaptive Observations for Psychological Assessment. Assessment 2020; 29:225-241. [PMID: 33016093 DOI: 10.1177/1073191120960215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of observational tools in psychological assessment has decreased in recent years, mainly due to its personnel and time costs, and researchers have not explored methodological innovations like adaptive algorithms in observational assessment. In the present study, we introduce the behavior-driven observation procedure to develop, test, and implement observational adaptive instruments. In Study 1, we use a preexisting observational checklist to evaluate nonverbal behaviors related to psychotic symptoms and to specify the adaptive algorithm's model. We fit the model to observational data collected from 114 participants. The results support the model's goodness of fit. In Study 2, we use the estimated model parameters to calibrate the adaptive procedure and test the algorithm for accuracy and efficiency in adaptively reconstructing 58 nonadaptively collected response patterns. The results show the algorithm's good accuracy and efficiency, with a 40% average reduction in the number of administered items. In Study 3, we used real raters to test the adaptive checklist built with behavior-driven observation. The results indicate adequate intrarater agreement and good consistency of the observed response patterns. In conclusion, the results support the possibility of using behavior-driven observation to create accurate and affordable (in terms of resources) observational assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Spangaro
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
| | | | - Marta Bosia
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
| | | | | | - Chiara Pavan
- Padova University Hospital, University of Padova, Italy.,Neuroscience Department, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Cavallaro
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
| | | | - Angela Favaro
- Padova University Hospital, University of Padova, Italy.,Neuroscience Department, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Vidotto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Spoto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
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Rossi R, Socci V, Gregori E, Talevi D, Collazzoni A, Pacitti F, Stratta P, Rossi A, Di Lorenzo G. ResilienCity: Resilience and Psychotic-Like Experiences 10 Years After L'Aquila Earthquake. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:77. [PMID: 32180736 PMCID: PMC7059251 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An earthquake hit the city of L'Aquila in central Italy in 2009, leaving the city completely destroyed and 309 casualties. Unexpectedly, lower rates of psychotic experiences in persons affected by the earthquake compared to non-affected persons were found 10 months after the earthquake. The very long-term impact of a natural disaster on the prevalence of psychotic experiences deserves more in-depth detailing. The Authors examined resilience and psychotic experiences in a university student sample of 494. No effect of direct exposure to the earthquake (odds ratio = 0.64, 95%CI [0.37, 1.11]), material damages (odds ratio = 0.86, 95%CI [0.60, 1.23]), psychological suffering (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% CI [0.83, 1.36]), or global impact severity (odds ratio = 0.92, 95%CI [0.76, 1.12]) on psychotic experiences was detected. Resilience levels did not differ between affected and non-affected persons. Resilience showed a strong protective effect on psychotic experiences (odds ratio=0.38, 95% CI [0.28, 0.51]. The protective effect of the RSA factor "Perception of Self" was significantly stronger in individuals affected by the earthquake compared to non-affected subjects. Being affected by an earthquake is not a risk factor for psychotic experiences in a university student sample, as no direct effect of the earthquake was detected after 10 years after the event. Resilience is confirmed as a strong protective factor for psychotic experiences irrespectively of large collective traumatic events. Extension of these results to a general population sample could provide interesting insights into recovery from natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Rossi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Socci
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gregori
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Dalila Talevi
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alberto Collazzoni
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Pacitti
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paolo Stratta
- Department of Mental Health, ASL1 Abruzzo, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giorgio Di Lorenzo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Rossi R, Talevi D, Gregori E, Quarta E, Lucaselli A, Pacitti F. Early interpersonal violence mediates the effect of family history of mental disorder on suicide attempts in a non-clinical sample. Riv Psichiatr 2020; 55:37-40. [PMID: 32051624 DOI: 10.1708/3301.32717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, with several risk factors, including a family history of mental disorders (FHMD) and interpersonal violence. The relationship between these risk factors needs further investigation. AIM Addressing the impact of interpersonal violence on suicide attempts, and its interaction with FHMD. METHODS 192 participants completed an online questionnaire, including the Psychological Maltreatment Review and the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (putative mediating variables variables), questions about previous suicide attempts and FHMD. Logistic regression and mediation analysis were performed. RESULTS FHMD (OR=7.09, 95%CI [2.20,22.81]), expressed violence in childhood (OR=2.55, 95%CI [1.26,5.18]) and exposure to violence in childhood (OR=2.80, 95%CI [1.80,4.34]) predicted attempted suicide. Exposure to, and expression of violence in childhood mediated 15.23% and 9.63% respectively of the total effect of FHPD on attempted suicide. LIMITATIONS Small sample size, reporting bias on FHMD an attempted suicide, self-selection bias due to sampling technique. CONCLUSIONS The familial load on adult suicidal behavior is partially mediated by exposure to violence in childhood, suggesting that the presence of a relative affected by any psychiatric condition may contribute to exposure to violence in childhood, which eventually enhances the risk of suicide in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Rossi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of L'Aquila, Italy - Department of Systems Medicine, Chair of Psychiatry, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Dalila Talevi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gregori
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eleonora Quarta
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessia Lucaselli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Pacitti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of L'Aquila, Italy
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Brera C, Debegnach F, De Santis B, Di Ianni S, Gregori E, Neuhold S, Valitutti F. Exposure assessment to mycotoxins in gluten-free diet for celiac patients. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 69:13-7. [PMID: 24694905 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are low molecular weight secondary metabolites produced by certain strains of filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium, which attack crops in the field, and grow on foods also during storage under favorable conditions of temperature and humidity. Foods mainly contributing to the intake of mycotoxins with diet are cereals, maize being the most risky commodity due to the potential co-occurrence of more than one mycotoxin, this can be of particular concern especially for vulnerable group of population such as celiac patients that show increased maize-based products consumption. In this study the exposure of celiac patients to fumonisins (FBs) and zearalenone (ZON) has been assessed. The higher exposures, for all the matrices and for both the selected mycotoxins, were for children age group. The lower and upper bound exposure ranged between 348-582 ng/kg bw/day for FBs and 22-83 ng/kg bw/day for ZON; these values result well below the TDI for the selected mycotoxins, representing the 17-29% and 9-33% of the TDI set for FBs and ZON, respectively. Even considering the worst scenario the exposure values reported for children were lower, namely 1385 ng/kg bw/day for FBs and 237 ng/kg bw/day for ZON, than the corresponding toxicological thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brera
- GMO and Mycotoxin Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Italian National Institute of Health, Italy.
| | - F Debegnach
- GMO and Mycotoxin Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Italian National Institute of Health, Italy
| | - B De Santis
- GMO and Mycotoxin Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Italian National Institute of Health, Italy
| | - S Di Ianni
- GMO and Mycotoxin Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Italian National Institute of Health, Italy
| | - E Gregori
- GMO and Mycotoxin Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Italian National Institute of Health, Italy
| | - S Neuhold
- AIC - Italian Society for Celiac Disease, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Valitutti
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Brera C, Peduto A, Debegnach F, Pannunzi E, Prantera E, Gregori E, De Giacomo M, De Santis B. Study of the influence of the milling process on the distribution of deoxynivalenol content from the caryopsis to cooked pasta. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Brera C, Debegnach F, De Santis B, Iafrate E, Pannunzi E, Berdini C, Prantera E, Gregori E, Miraglia M. Ochratoxin A in cocoa and chocolate products from the Italian market: Occurrence and exposure assessment. Food Control 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jover JL, García JP, Martínez C, Espí A, Gregori E, Almagro J. [Hydroxyethyl starch to protect renal function in laparoscopic surgery]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 56:27-30. [PMID: 19284125 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-9356(09)70317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of prehydration with hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (Voluven) compared to lactated Ringer solution in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a randomized single-blind clinical trial on patients classified as ASA 1 and 2. The exclusion criteria were hypertension, kidney failure, treatment with diuretics or other antihypertensive drugs, diabetes, and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Balanced general anesthesia with remifentanil and sevoflurane was used. The total volume of administered fluids (including prehydration) was 2 mL x kg(-1) x h(-1) fasting plus 5 mL x kg(-1) x h(-1) during surgery. Group 1 was prehydrated 30 minutes before surgery with 500 mL of lactated Ringer solution in group 1; in group 2 the same quantity of Voluven was used. Ringer solution was used in both groups to provide additional fluids. Blood pressure was kept within 20% above or below baseline values. Standard anesthetic monitoring was performed. Intraoperative diuresis and creatinine clearance were recorded. The groups were compared using the t test; a P value of 05 or less was considered significant. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients were enrolled in the study. Diuresis and creatinine clearance were significantly higher in the group that received prehydration with Voluven. The mean (SD) creatinine clearance rate was 176.44 (1433) mL x min(-1) in group 1 and 61.90 (6.6) mL x min(-1) in group 2 (P = .036). The mean volume of urine excreted was 1.71 (0.06) mL x kg(-1) x h(-1) in group 1 and 0.47 (0.02) mL x kg(-1) x h(-1) in group 2 (P = .017). CONCLUSION Prehydration with Voluven can be an effective measure for protecting renal function against the adverse effects of pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Jover
- Servicio de Anestesia, Hospital Verge dels Lliris, Alcoy, Alicante.
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Jover JL, Gregori E, García JP, Martínez C. [Water intoxication due to oxytocin]. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 2008; 55:450-452. [PMID: 18853688 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-9356(08)70621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Visco G, Gregori E, Tomassetti M, Campanella L. Probably counterfeit in Roman Imperial Age: Pattern recognition helps diagnostic performed with inductive coupled plasma spectrometry and thermogravimetry analysis of a torso and a head of Roman Age marble statue. Microchem J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2007.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Campanella L, Gregori E, Tomassetti M. Salicylic acid determination in cow urine and drugs using a bienzymatic sensor. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 42:94-9. [PMID: 16672184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2005] [Revised: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An enzymatic biosensor was developed for salicylic acid (salicylate ion) determined using a Clark type gas diffusion electrode and two enzymes (tyrosinase and salicylate hydroxylase) entrapped in a cellulose triacetate membrane. After optimization, the method was applied to the determination of salicylic acid in cow urine. Relatively good recoveries were achieved, between about 83% and 109%, using the calibration curve, and acceptable precision (R.S.D. about 8%). The method is now being tested for the determination of salicylic acid contained in commercially available drug specialities or galenic products. So far agreement with nominal values has been found to be between 75% and 110% with a R.S.D. of less than 8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Campanella
- Department of Chemistry, La Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Campanella L, Gregori E, Tomassetti M, Visco G. Identification of different types of imperial age marble finds using instrumental chemical analysis and pattern recognition analysis. Ann Chim 2001; 91:701-18. [PMID: 11836948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
A physical-chemical characterisation of several marbles frequently used in ancient times for artistic or decorative purposes was performed in support the work of historians and restorers. The data were obtained using several different types of instrumental chemical methods (Thermogravimetry, Differential Thermal Analysis, X-ray Diffractometry and ICP Plasma Emission Spectroscopy) and have been summarised in short tables. The data have already proved useful in the identification of a small number of finds (statues or architectonic elements) from Ancient Rome (Imperial Age, 2nd-3nd cent. A.D.) for the purpose of which also a well-known pattern recognition analysis software package was used for data processing. In practice, the research showed that an organised set of chemical data obtained using several modern instrumental methods can provide a valid basis for the reasonably rapid and reliable identification of the type of marble used to make artistic artifacts that have not yet been subjected to typological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Campanella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro, 5, 00185 Roma.
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Jaenicke R, Gregori E, Laepple M. Conformational effects of coenzyme binding to porcine lactic dehydrogenase. Biophys Struct Mech 1979; 6:57-65. [PMID: 231982 DOI: 10.1007/bf00537595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Changes induced on addition of the coenzyme, NADH or NAD+, to porcine lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes H4 and M4 have been studied by hydrodynamic and spectroscopic methods. As shown by ultracentrifugal analysis, the native subunit structure remains unchanged on holoenzyme formation; an approximately 5% increase of the sedimentation coefficient, parallelled by a slight decrease of the partial specific volume (less than 1%) indicate a significant change in the native tertiary and/or quaternary structure of the enzymes, corroborating earlier calorimetric data (Hinz and Jaenicke, 1975). The binding constant for the enzyme from skeletal muscle (M4) and NADH are found to be in agreement with KD-values obtained from equilibrium dialysis, as well as spectroscopic and thermal titration experiments (8 muM). Far UV circular dichroism measurements do not show significant changes on ligand binding, indicating unchanged helicity or compensatory conformational effects. In the near UV, ligand binding is reflected by an extrinsic Cotton effect around 340 nm; in the range of aromatic absorption no changes are detectable. The experimental results suggest that there are gross structural changes on coenzyme binding to lactic dehydrogenase which do not affect the intrinsic spectral properties normally applied to analyze transconformation reactions in protein molecules.
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