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Jamieson PE, Smart EB, Bouranis JA, Choi J, Danczak RE, Wong CP, Paraiso IL, Maier CS, Ho E, Sharpton TJ, Metz TO, Bradley R, Stevens JF. Gut enterotype-dependent modulation of gut microbiota and their metabolism in response to xanthohumol supplementation in healthy adults. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2315633. [PMID: 38358253 PMCID: PMC10878022 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2315633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Xanthohumol (XN), a polyphenol found in the hop plant (Humulus lupulus), has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, and anti-hyperlipidemic activity. Preclinical evidence suggests the gut microbiome is essential in mediating these bioactivities; however, relatively little is known about XN's impact on human gut microbiota in vivo. We conducted a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03735420) to determine safety and tolerability of XN in healthy adults. Thirty healthy participants were randomized to 24 mg/day XN or placebo for 8 weeks. As secondary outcomes, quantification of bacterial metabolites and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were utilized to explore the relationships between XN supplementation, gut microbiota, and biomarkers of gut health. Although XN did not significantly change gut microbiota composition, it did re-shape individual taxa in an enterotype-dependent manner. High levels of inter-individual variation in metabolic profiles and bioavailability of XN metabolites were observed. Moreover, reductions in microbiota-derived bile acid metabolism were observed, which were specific to Prevotella and Ruminococcus enterotypes. These results suggest interactions between XN and gut microbiota in healthy adults are highly inter-individualized and potentially indicate that XN elicits effects on gut health in an enterotype-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E. Jamieson
- College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Eli B. Smart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - John A. Bouranis
- College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Robert E. Danczak
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Carmen P. Wong
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Ines L. Paraiso
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Thomas J. Sharpton
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Thomas O. Metz
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ryan Bradley
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
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