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Khosravi N, Hanson ED, Farajivafa V, Evans WS, Lee JT, Danson E, Wagoner CW, Harrell EP, Sullivan SA, Nyrop KA, Muss HB, Bartlett DB, Jensen BC, Haghighat S, Shamsi MM, Battaglini CL. Exercise-induced modulation of monocytes in breast cancer survivors. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 14:100216. [PMID: 34589753 PMCID: PMC8474256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise training reduces inflammation in breast cancer survivors; however, the mechanism is not fully understood. Objectives The effects of acute and chronic exercise on monocyte toll-like receptor (TLR2 and 4) expression and intracellular cytokine production were examined in sedentary breast cancer survivors. Methods Eleven women with stage I, II, or III breast cancer within one year of treatment completion performed an acute, intermittent aerobic exercise trial. Blood samples were obtained before, immediately, and 1 h after a 45-min acute exercise trial that was performed before and after 16 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance. LPS-stimulated intracellular IL-1ß, TNF, and IL-6 production, and TLR2 and TLR4 expression were evaluated in CD14+CD16- and CD14+CD16+ monocytes using flow cytometry. Results Exercise training decreased IL-1ß+CD14+CD16- proportion (24.6%, p=0.016), IL-1ß+CD14+CD16- mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) (-9989, p=0.014), IL-1ß+CD14+CD16+ MFI (-11101, p=0.02), and IL-6+CD14+CD16- proportion (16.9%, P=0.04). TLR2 and TLR4 expression did not change following exercise training but decreased 1 h after acute exercise in CD14+CD16- (-63, p=0.002) and CD14+CD16+ (-18, p=0.006) monocytes, respectively. Immediately after the acute exercise, both monocyte subgroup cell concentration increased, with CD14+CD16+ concentrations being decreased at 1 h post without changes in intracellular cytokine production. Conclusions Exercise training reduced monocyte intracellular pro-inflammatory cytokine production, especially IL-1ß, although these markers did not change acutely. While acute exercise downregulated the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on monocytes, this was not sustained over the course of training. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training in breast cancer survivors may be, in part, due to reducing resting monocyte pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Khosravi
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Physical Education & Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erik D Hanson
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vahid Farajivafa
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Physical Education & Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - William S Evans
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jordan T Lee
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eli Danson
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chad W Wagoner
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Harrell
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie A Sullivan
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kirsten A Nyrop
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Hematology Oncology University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hyman B Muss
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Hematology Oncology University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Brian C Jensen
- Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shahpar Haghighat
- Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Molanouri Shamsi
- Physical Education & Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Claudio L Battaglini
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Hanson ED, Danson E, Evans WS, Wood WA, Battaglini CL, Sakkal S. Exercise Increases Mucosal-associated Invariant T Cell Cytokine Expression but Not Activation or Homing Markers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:379-388. [PMID: 30649094 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have properties of both the innate and adaptive immune systems but are an understudied population within exercise immunology. These lymphocytes aggregate at the mucous membranes, but it is unknown if submaximal exercise alters their circulating numbers or function. PURPOSE To determine the MAIT cell response to submaximal exercise on activation and homing marker expression and stimulated cytokine production. METHODS Twenty healthy, young, recreationally active males cycled for 40 min at 86% of VT after an overnight fast. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and labeled to identify specific MAIT cell populations using flow cytometry. Cytokine production after stimulation was also determined. RESULTS Mucosal-associated invariant T cells were 2.9% of T cells and increased to 3.9% after exercise and with recovery whereas cell numbers significantly increased by 91.5% after exercise before returning to resting levels. Chemokine and activation marker absolute cell number significantly increased while expression levels remained constant but the high levels of CCR5 may help direct MAIT cells to sites of inflammation. After stimulation, TNFα expression significantly increased after exercise before returning to baseline with a similar trend for IFNγ. CONCLUSIONS The MAIT cell numbers undergo a partial biphasic response after submaximal exercise and appear to be preferentially mobilized within T cells; however, the magnitude of the submaximal response was attenuated relative to maximal exercise. Stimulated MAIT cells increase TNFα expression, indicating greater responsiveness to pathogens after acute exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Hanson
- Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Eli Danson
- Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William S Evans
- Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William A Wood
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Claudio L Battaglini
- Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Samy Sakkal
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, AUSTRALIA.,College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, AUSTRALIA
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