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Santini D, Botticelli A, Galvano A, Iuliani M, Incorvaia L, Gristina V, Taffon C, Foderaro S, Paccagnella E, Simonetti S, Fazio F, Scagnoli S, Pomati G, Pantano F, Perrone G, De Falco E, Russo A, Spinelli GP. Network approach in liquidomics landscape. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:193. [PMID: 37542343 PMCID: PMC10401883 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-based biopsy is the present main tool to explore the molecular landscape of cancer, but it also has many limits to be frequently executed, being too invasive with the risk of side effects. These limits and the ability of cancer to constantly evolve its genomic profile, have recently led to the need of a less invasive and more accurate alternative, such as liquid biopsy. By searching Circulating Tumor Cells and residues of their nucleic acids or other tumor products in body fluids, especially in blood, but also in urine, stools and saliva, liquid biopsy is becoming the future of clinical oncology. Despite the current lack of a standardization for its workflows, that makes it hard to be reproduced, liquid biopsy has already obtained promising results for cancer screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and risk of recurrence.Through a more accessible molecular profiling of tumors, it could become easier to identify biomarkers predictive of response to treatment, such as EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer and KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer, or Microsatellite Instability and Mismatch Repair as predictive markers of pembrolizumab response.By monitoring circulating tumor DNA in longitudinal repeated sampling of blood we could also predict Minimal Residual Disease and the risk of recurrence in already radically resected patients.In this review we will discuss about the current knowledge of limitations and strengths of the different forms of liquid biopsies for its inclusion in normal cancer management, with a brief nod to their newest biomarkers and its future implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Santini
- Oncologia Medica A, Policlinico Umberto 1, La Sapienza Università Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Botticelli
- Oncologia Medica A, Policlinico Umberto 1, La Sapienza Università Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Galvano
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michele Iuliani
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Selcetta, Italy
| | - Lorena Incorvaia
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valerio Gristina
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Taffon
- Anatomical Pathology Operative Research Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Foderaro
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Selcetta, Italy
| | - Elisa Paccagnella
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, C.So Della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Sonia Simonetti
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Selcetta, Italy
| | - Federico Fazio
- UOC Oncologia Territoriale, Polo Pontino, La Sapienza Università Di Roma, Latina, Italy.
| | - Simone Scagnoli
- Oncologia Medica A, Policlinico Umberto 1, La Sapienza Università Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Pantano
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Selcetta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perrone
- Anatomical Pathology Operative Research Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, C.So Della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Spinelli
- UOC Oncologia Territoriale, Polo Pontino, La Sapienza Università Di Roma, Latina, Italy
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Amenta S, Marangi G, Orteschi D, Frangella S, Gurrieri F, Paccagnella E, Scala M, Romano F, Capra V, Nigro V, Zollino M. CHAMP1-related disorders: pathomechanisms triggered by different genomic alterations define distinct nosological categories. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:648-653. [PMID: 36797464 PMCID: PMC10250409 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function variants in CHAMP1 were recently described as cause of a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability (ID), autism, and distinctive facial characteristics. By exome sequencing (ES), we identified a truncating variant in CHAMP1, c.1858A > T (p.Lys620*), in a patient who exhibited a similar phenotype of severe ID and dysmorphisms. Whether haploinsufficiency or a dominant negative effect is the underlying pathomechanism in these cases is a question that still needs to be addressed. By array-CGH, we detected a 194 kb deletion in 13q34 encompassing CHAMP1, CDC16 and UPF3, in another patient who presented with borderline neurodevelopmental impairment and with no dysmorphisms. In a further patient suffering from early onset refractory seizures, we detected by ES a missense variant in CHAMP1, c.67 G > A (p.Gly23Ser). Genomic abnormalities were all de novo in our patients. We reviewed the clinical and the genetic data of patients reported in the literature with: loss-of-function variants in CHAMP1 (total 40); chromosome 13q34 deletions ranging from 1.1 to 4 Mb (total 7) and of the unique patient with a missense variant. We could infer that loss-of-function variants in CHAMP1 cause a homogeneous phenotype with severe ID, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and highly distinctive facial characteristics through a dominant negative effect. CHAMP1 haploinsufficiency results in borderline ID with negligible consequences on the quality of life. Missense variants give rise to a severe epileptic encephalopathy through gain-of-function mechanism, most likely. We tentatively define for the first time distinct categories among the CHAMP1-related disorder on the basis of pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Amenta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Genetics Service, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marangi
- Genomic Medicine, Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Orteschi
- Genomic Medicine, Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Frangella
- Genomic Medicine, Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Gurrieri
- Unit of Medical and Functional Genetics, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Paccagnella
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Romano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Marcella Zollino
- Genomic Medicine, Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
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Azzarà A, Cassano I, Tirindelli MC, Nobile C, Schittone V, Paccagnella E, Lintas C, Gurrieri F. Whole exome sequencing identifies a rare variant in MAS1 gene in a subject with lethal COVID-19. Gene Reports 2022; 29:101705. [PMID: 36348959 PMCID: PMC9633625 DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 may be considered a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction between the virus itself, as the environmental contribute, and the genetic background of the host. SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs through the interaction between the spike protein and ACE2, a receptor in the host cells. Clinically, COVID-19 is characterized by a high heterogeneity in symptomatology ranging from asymptomatic to severe symptoms, and even worsening to death. This variability relies on the host genomic profile and other individual comorbidities. We performed exome analysis in one family displaying a variable spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection despite a common exposure. After segregation analysis, we found that the c.446C>T p.(S149L) in MAS1 gene was exclusively present in the individual with severe COVID-19, who died because of pneumonia and multiple thrombotic events. MAS1 encodes a receptor for Ang1–7 in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with an anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic effect. We hypothesize that downregulation of RAS, due to this rare variant, might impair the protective effect and concur to the clinical severity of the disease. Our results support the protective role of the ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas1 axis and the potential danger of its dysregulation leading to severe COVID-19 disease; if further confirmed, these findings will be useful for management of critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Azzarà
- Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cassano
- Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e di Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Tirindelli
- Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Nobile
- Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Schittone
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Paccagnella
- Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Lintas
- Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Gurrieri
- Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
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