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Peter A, Schleicher E, Kliemank E, Szendroedi J, Königsrainer A, Häring HU, Nawroth PP, Fleming T. Accumulation of Non-Pathological Liver Fat Is Associated with the Loss of Glyoxalase I Activity in Humans. Metabolites 2024; 14:209. [PMID: 38668337 PMCID: PMC11051733 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The underlying molecular mechanisms for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and its progression to advanced liver diseases remain elusive. Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) loss, leading to elevated methylglyoxal (MG) and dicarbonyl stress, has been implicated in various diseases, including obesity-related conditions. This study aimed to investigate changes in the glyoxalase system in individuals with non-pathological liver fat. Liver biopsies were obtained from 30 individuals with a narrow range of BMI (24.6-29.8 kg/m2). Whole-body insulin sensitivity was assessed using HOMA-IR. Liver biopsies were analyzed for total triglyceride content, Glo1 and Glo2 mRNA, protein expression, and activity. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determined liver dicarbonyl content and oxidation and glycation biomarkers. Liver Glo1 activity showed an inverse correlation with HOMA-IR and liver triglyceride content, but not BMI. Despite reduced Glo1 activity, no associations were found with elevated liver dicarbonyls or glycation markers. A sex dimorphism was observed in Glo1, with females exhibiting significantly lower liver Glo1 protein expression and activity, and higher liver MG-H1 content compared to males. This study demonstrates that increasing liver fat, even within a non-pathological range, is associated with reduced Glo1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Peter
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Centre Munich, 85764 Munich, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72016 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, 72016 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Erwin Schleicher
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Centre Munich, 85764 Munich, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72016 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kliemank
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Centre Munich, 85764 Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Centre Munich, 85764 Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Internal Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alfred Königsrainer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, 72016 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Centre Munich, 85764 Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, 72016 Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, 72016 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter P. Nawroth
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Centre Munich, 85764 Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 305, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Centre Munich, 85764 Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Internal Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Brings S, Mier W, Beijer B, Kliemank E, Herzig S, Szendroedi J, Nawroth PP, Fleming T. Non-cross-linking advanced glycation end products affect prohormone processing. Biochem J 2024; 481:33-44. [PMID: 38112318 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are non-enzymatic post-translational modifications of amino acids and are associated with diabetic complications. One proposed pathomechanism is the impaired processing of AGE-modified proteins or peptides including prohormones. Two approaches were applied to investigate whether substrate modification with AGEs affects the processing of substrates like prohormones to the active hormones. First, we employed solid-phase peptide synthesis to generate unmodified as well as AGE-modified protease substrates. Activity of proteases towards these substrates was quantified. Second, we tested the effect of AGE-modified proinsulin on the processing to insulin. Proteases showed the expected activity towards the unmodified peptide substrates containing arginine or lysine at the C-terminal cleavage site. Indeed, modification with Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) or methylglyoxal-hydroimidazolone 1 (MG-H1) affected all proteases tested. Cysteine cathepsins displayed a reduction in activity by ∼50% towards CML and MG-H1 modified substrates. The specific proteases trypsin, proprotein convertases subtilisin-kexins (PCSKs) type proteases, and carboxypeptidase E (CPE) were completely inactive towards modified substrates. Proinsulin incubation with methylglyoxal at physiological concentrations for 24 h resulted in the formation of MG-modified proinsulin. The formation of insulin was reduced by up to 80% in a concentration-dependent manner. Here, we demonstrate the inhibitory effect of substrate-AGE modifications on proteases. The finding that PCSKs and CPE, which are essential for prohormone processing, are inactive towards modified substrates could point to a yet unrecognized pathomechanism resulting from AGE modification relevant for the etiopathogenesis of diabetes and the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Brings
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbro Beijer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kliemank
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- German Centre of Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC Helmholtz Center Munich and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre of Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC Helmholtz Center Munich and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Munich, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre of Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC Helmholtz Center Munich and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Munich, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Joshi P, Mohr F, Rumig C, Kliemank E, Krenning G, Kopf S, Hecker M, Wagner AH. Impact of the -1T>C single-nucleotide polymorphism of the CD40 gene on the development of endothelial dysfunction in a pro-diabetic microenvironment. Atherosclerosis 2023:117386. [PMID: 38030458 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hyperglycemia reinforces pro-inflammatory conditions that enhance CD40 expression in endothelial cells (EC). Thymine to cytosine transition (-1T > C) in the promoter of the CD40 gene (rs1883832) further increases the abundance of CD40 protein on the EC surface. This study examines potential associations of the -1T > C SNP of the CD40 gene with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 (T2D) diabetes. Moreover, it investigates the impact of a pro-inflammatory diabetic microenvironment on gene expression in human cultured umbilical vein EC (HUVEC) derived from CC- vs. TT-genotype donors. METHODS Tetra-ARMS-PCR was used to compare genotype distribution in 252 patients with diabetes. Soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and soluble CD40 receptor (sCD40) plasma levels were monitored using ELISA. RNA-sequencing was performed with sCD40L-stimulated CC- and TT-genotype HUVEC. Quantitative PCR, Western blot, multiplex-sandwich ELISA array, and immunocytochemistry were used to analyse changes in gene expression in these cells. RESULTS Homozygosity for the C-allele was associated with a significant 4.3-fold higher odds of developing T2D as compared to individuals homozygous for the T-allele. Inflammation and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) driving genes were upregulated in CC-genotype but downregulated in TT-genotype HUVEC when exposed to sCD40L. Expression of EndMT markers significantly increased while that of endothelial markers decreased in HUVEC following exposure to hyperglycemia, tumour necrosis factor-α and sCD40L. CONCLUSIONS The -1T > C SNP of the CD40 gene is a risk factor for T2D. Depending on the genotype, it differentially affects gene expression in human cultured EC. CC-genotype HUVEC adopt a pro-inflammatory and intermediate EndMT-like phenotype in a pro-diabetic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Joshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Franziska Mohr
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Cordula Rumig
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kliemank
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Guido Krenning
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Kopf
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Andreas H Wagner
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany.
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Anker SC, Morgenstern J, Adler J, Brune M, Brings S, Fleming T, Kliemank E, Zorn M, Fischer A, Szendroedi J, Kihm L, Zemva J. Verification of sex- and age-specific reference intervals for 13 serum steroids determined by mass spectrometry: evaluation of an indirect statistical approach. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:452-463. [PMID: 36537103 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Conventionally, reference intervals are established by direct methods, which require a well-characterized, obviously healthy study population. This elaborate approach is time consuming, costly and has rarely been applied to steroid hormones measured by mass spectrometry. In this feasibility study, we investigate whether indirect methods based on routine laboratory results can be used to verify reference intervals from external sources. METHODS A total of 11,259 serum samples were used to quantify 13 steroid hormones by mass spectrometry. For indirect estimation of reference intervals, we applied a "modified Hoffmann approach", and verified the results with a more sophisticated statistical method (refineR). We compared our results with those of four recent studies using direct approaches. RESULTS We evaluated a total of 81 sex- and age-specific reference intervals, for which at least 120 measurements were available. The overall agreement between indirectly and directly determined reference intervals was surprisingly good as nearly every fourth reference limit could be confirmed by narrow tolerance limits. Furthermore, lower reference limits could be provided for some low concentrated hormones by the indirect method. In cases of substantial deviations, our results matched the underlying data better than reference intervals from external studies. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows for the first time that indirect methods are a valuable tool to verify existing reference intervals for steroid hormones. A simple "modified Hoffmann approach" based on the general assumption of a normal or lognormal distribution model is sufficient for screening purposes, while the refineR algorithm may be used for a more detailed analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C Anker
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Adler
- Medical Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Genetics Prof. Schenk/Dr. Ansorge & Colleagues, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maik Brune
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brings
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kliemank
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Zorn
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lars Kihm
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Zemva
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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Sulaj A, Kopf S, von Rauchhaupt E, Kliemank E, Brune M, Kender Z, Bartl H, Cortizo FG, Klepac K, Han Z, Kumar V, Longo V, Teleman A, Okun JG, Morgenstern J, Fleming T, Szendroedi J, Herzig S, Nawroth PP. Six-Month Periodic Fasting in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy: A Proof-of-Concept Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2167-2181. [PMID: 35661214 PMCID: PMC9282263 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Novel fasting interventions have gained scientific and public attention. Periodic fasting has emerged as a dietary modification promoting beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE Assess whether periodic fasting reduces albuminuria and activates nephropathy-driven pathways. DESIGN/PARTICIPANTS Proof-of-concept study where individuals with type 2 diabetes (n = 40) and increased albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) were randomly assigned to receive a monthly fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) or a Mediterranean diet for 6 months with 3-month follow-up. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Change in ACR was assessed by analysis of covariance adjusted for age, sex, weight loss, and baseline value. Prespecified subgroup analysis for patients with micro- vs macroalbuminuria at baseline was performed. Change in homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), circulating markers of dicarbonyl detoxification (methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone 1, glyoxalase-1, and hydroxyacetone), DNA-damage/repair (phosphorylated histone H2AX), lipid oxidation (acylcarnitines), and senescence (soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor) were assessed as exploratory endpoints. RESULTS FMD was well tolerated with 71% to 95% of the participants reporting no adverse effects. After 6 months, change in ACR was comparable between study groups [110.3 (99.2, 121.5) mg/g; P = 0.45]. FMD led to a reduction of ACR in patients with microalbuminuria levels at baseline [-30.3 (-35.7, -24.9) mg/g; P ≤ 0.05] but not in those with macroalbuminuria [434.0 (404.7, 463.4) mg/g; P = 0.23]. FMD reduced HOMA-IR [-3.8 (-5.6, -2.0); P ≤ 0.05] and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor [-156.6 (-172.9, -140.4) pg/mL; P ≤ 0.05], while no change was observed in markers of dicarbonyl detoxification or DNA-damage/repair. Change in acylcarnitines was related to patient responsiveness to ACR improvement. At follow-up only HOMA-IR reduction [-1.9 (-3.7, -0.1), P ≤ 0.05]) was sustained. CONCLUSIONS Improvement of microalbuminuria and of markers of insulin resistance, lipid oxidation, and senescence suggest the potential beneficial effects of periodic fasting in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Sulaj
- Correspondence: Alba Sulaj, MD, Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Kopf
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ekaterina von Rauchhaupt
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kliemank
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maik Brune
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Zoltan Kender
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hannelore Bartl
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabiola Garcia Cortizo
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katarina Klepac
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Zhe Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Varun Kumar
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valter Longo
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Italian Foundation for Cancer Research Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurelio Teleman
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen G Okun
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University HospitalHeidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Internal Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair Molecular Metabolic Control, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
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Morgenstern J, Fleming T, Kliemank E, Brune M, Nawroth P, Fischer A. Quantification of All-Trans Retinoic Acid by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Association with Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11010060. [PMID: 33478094 PMCID: PMC7835841 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acids are vitamin A metabolites that have numerous essential functions in humans, and are also used as drugs to treat acne and acute promyelocytic leukemia. All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) is the major occurring metabolite of retinoic acid in humans. This study provides a sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach in order to quantify atRA in human plasma samples. The isolation of atRA by hyperacidified liquid-liquid extraction using hexane and ethyl acetate resulted in a recovery of 89.7 ± 9.2%. The lower limit of detection was 20 pg·mL-1, and 7 point calibration displayed good linearity (R2 = 0.994) in the range of 50-3200 pg mL-1. Selectivity was guaranteed by the use of two individual mass transitions (qualifier and quantifier), and precision and accuracy were determined intraday and interday with a coefficient variation of 9.3% (intraday) and 14.0% (interday). Moreover, the method could be used to isolate atRA from hyperlipidemic samples. Applying this method to plasma samples from patients with poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes significantly decreased atRA plasma levels as compared to those of the healthy controls. In addition, atRA concentrations were highly associated with increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (E.K.); (M.B.); (P.N.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +49-6221-565-226
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (E.K.); (M.B.); (P.N.); (A.F.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kliemank
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (E.K.); (M.B.); (P.N.); (A.F.)
| | - Maik Brune
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (E.K.); (M.B.); (P.N.); (A.F.)
| | - Peter Nawroth
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (E.K.); (M.B.); (P.N.); (A.F.)
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (E.K.); (M.B.); (P.N.); (A.F.)
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Abstract
Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are responsible for the detoxification of harmful aldehydes. Due to the large number of isotypes, the physiological relevance of AKRs cannot be obtained using mRNA or protein quantification, but only through the use of enzymatic assays to demonstrate functionality. Here, we present a fast and simple protocol to determine the important Michaelis-Menten kinetics of AKRs, which includes various aldehyde substrates of interest such as 4-hydroxynonenal, methylglyoxal, and malondialdehyde. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Morgenstern et al. (2017) and Schumacher et al. (2018). Mild and efficient extraction/lysis of mouse tissue Monitoring of aldo-keto reductase catalyzed reactions for various substrates Comprehensive explanations in order to determine Michaelis-Menten kinetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Corresponding author
| | - Elisabeth Kliemank
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Marta Campos Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Peter Nawroth
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg 85764, Germany
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8
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Kopf S, Höffgen M, Gröner JB, Cheko R, Kender Z, Kumar V, Kliemank E, Fleming T, Kreuter M, Nawroth PP. Renale und pulmonale Fibrose in Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 – chronische Inflammation und DNA-Schäden als gemeinsame Marker für Spätschäden. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Kopf
- Universtitätklinik Heidelberg/Medizinische Klinik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Höffgen
- Universtitätklinik Heidelberg/Medizinische Klinik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - JB Gröner
- Universtitätklinik Heidelberg/Medizinische Klinik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Cheko
- Universtitätklinik Heidelberg/Medizinische Klinik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Z Kender
- Universtitätklinik Heidelberg/Medizinische Klinik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Kumar
- Universtitätklinik Heidelberg/Medizinische Klinik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Kliemank
- Universtitätklinik Heidelberg/Medizinische Klinik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Fleming
- Universtitätklinik Heidelberg/Medizinische Klinik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Kreuter
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - PP Nawroth
- Universtitätklinik Heidelberg/Medizinische Klinik, Heidelberg, Germany
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Groener JB, Neus I, Kopf S, Hartmann M, Schanz J, Kliemank E, Wetekam B, Kihm L, Fleming T, Herzog W, Nawroth PP. Group Singing as a Therapy during Diabetes Training--A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2015; 123:617-21. [PMID: 26240957 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1555941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive diabetes treatment has been shown to reduce quality of life in diabetic patients. However, there is evidence to suggest that group singing can have positive effects on quality of life in various clinical settings. In this randomized controlled pilot study, the effect of singing as a therapy to reduce stress and improve quality of life was investigated in insulin-dependent diabetic patients, undergoing a lifestyle intervention program. Patients from the singing group felt less discontented following treatment. This effect, however, was lost after 3 months. No effect on serum cortisol and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels could be seen when comparing the singing group with the control group, although reduced levels of ACTH and cortisol 3 days after treatment could be found and were still present after 3 months within the group of patients who undertook singing as a therapy. Singing led to an increase in bodyweight, which interestingly had no effect on glucose control or methylglyoxal levels. Therefore, singing during a lifestyle intervention program for insulin-dependent diabetic patients had a short lasting and weak effect on patients' mood without affecting glucose control, but no significant effect on stress related hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Groener
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Neus
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kopf
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Hartmann
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Schanz
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Kliemank
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Wetekam
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Kihm
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Fleming
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Herzog
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P P Nawroth
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Volk N, Fleming TH, Kliemank E, Nawroth PP. Organ-specific affects of diabetes on mitochondrial function. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Groener JB, Neus I, Hartmann M, Kopf S, Kliemank E, Schanz J, Wetekam B, Fleming T, Herzog W, Nawroth PP. Gruppensingen als Therapie im Rahmen einer Diabetesschulung – eine Randomisierte, Kontrollierte Studie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Groener JB, Blachutzik F, Oikonomou D, Kliemank E, Fleming T, Nawroth PP. Altered methylglyoxal metabolism identifies patients with late diabetic complications. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1372028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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