1
|
Lachs L, Humanes A, Pygas DR, Bythell JC, Mumby PJ, Ferrari R, Figueira WF, Beauchamp E, East HK, Edwards AJ, Golbuu Y, Martinez HM, Sommer B, van der Steeg E, Guest JR. No apparent trade-offs associated with heat tolerance in a reef-building coral. Commun Biol 2023; 6:400. [PMID: 37046074 PMCID: PMC10097654 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As marine species adapt to climate change, their heat tolerance will likely be under strong selection. Yet trade-offs between heat tolerance and other life history traits could compromise natural adaptation or assisted evolution. This is particularly important for ecosystem engineers, such as reef-building corals, which support biodiversity yet are vulnerable to heatwave-induced mass bleaching and mortality. Here, we exposed 70 colonies of the reef-building coral Acropora digitifera to a long-term marine heatwave emulation experiment. We tested for trade-offs between heat tolerance and three traits measured from the colonies in situ - colony growth, fecundity, and symbiont community composition. Despite observing remarkable within-population variability in heat tolerance, all colonies were dominated by Cladocopium C40 symbionts. We found no evidence for trade-offs between heat tolerance and fecundity or growth. Contrary to expectations, positive associations emerged with growth, such that faster-growing colonies tended to bleach and die at higher levels of heat stress. Collectively, our results suggest that these corals exist on an energetic continuum where some high-performing individuals excel across multiple traits. Within populations, trade-offs between heat tolerance and growth or fecundity may not be major barriers to natural adaptation or the success of assisted evolution interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam Lachs
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Adriana Humanes
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Daniel R Pygas
- Australian Institute of Marine Sciences, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - John C Bythell
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Peter J Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Palau International Coral Reef Center, Koror, 96940, Palau
| | - Renata Ferrari
- Australian Institute of Marine Sciences, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - Will F Figueira
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Beauchamp
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Holly K East
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alasdair J Edwards
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Yimnang Golbuu
- Palau International Coral Reef Center, Koror, 96940, Palau
| | - Helios M Martinez
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Brigitte Sommer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Eveline van der Steeg
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - James R Guest
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barkati S, Taher HB, Beauchamp E, Yansouni CP, Ward BJ, Libman MD. Decision Tool for Herpes B Virus Antiviral Prophylaxis after Macaque-Related Injuries in Research Laboratory Workers. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:e190045. [PMID: 31441751 PMCID: PMC6711206 DOI: 10.3201/eid2509.190045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macaque-related injuries among primate workers can lead to a potentially fatal B virus encephalomyelitis. We describe a decision tool for evaluating the need for antiviral postexposure prophylaxis and provide a retrospective review of the injuries assessed in our center after its implementation in 2010. Among the injuries studied (n = 251), 40.6% were categorized as high-risk (prophylaxis recommended), 44.2% moderate-risk (consider prophylaxis), and 15.1% low-risk (prophylaxis not recommended). Ten percent of low-risk and 98% of high-risk injuries received prophylaxis (p<0.001). Compared with using universal postexposure prophylaxis, using a decision tool can lead to a standardization of practice and a reduction in prescriptions for antiviral medication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth Beauchamp
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S. Barkati, C.P. Yansouni, B.J. Ward, M.D. Libman)
- Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman (H.B. Taher)
- Hôpital Pierre-Boucher, Longueuil, Quebec (E. Beauchamp)
| | - Cédric P. Yansouni
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S. Barkati, C.P. Yansouni, B.J. Ward, M.D. Libman)
- Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman (H.B. Taher)
- Hôpital Pierre-Boucher, Longueuil, Quebec (E. Beauchamp)
| | - Brian J. Ward
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S. Barkati, C.P. Yansouni, B.J. Ward, M.D. Libman)
- Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman (H.B. Taher)
- Hôpital Pierre-Boucher, Longueuil, Quebec (E. Beauchamp)
| | - Michael D. Libman
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S. Barkati, C.P. Yansouni, B.J. Ward, M.D. Libman)
- Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman (H.B. Taher)
- Hôpital Pierre-Boucher, Longueuil, Quebec (E. Beauchamp)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Beauchamp E, Rollet K, Walmsley S, Wong DK, Cooper C, Klein MB. Missed opportunities for hepatocellular carcinoma screening in an HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected cohort. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57:1339-42. [PMID: 23899675 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined adherence to guidelines for screening of hepatocellular carcinoma in a cohort of HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients. Thirty-six percent of patients with documented cirrhosis did not have a screening ultrasound. Patients at centers with standardized systems for screening were more likely to have had an ultrasound performed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Auger M, Auty DJ, Barbeau PS, Beauchamp E, Belov V, Benitez-Medina C, Breidenbach M, Brunner T, Burenkov A, Cleveland B, Cook S, Daniels T, Danilov M, Davis CG, Delaquis S, deVoe R, Dobi A, Dolinski MJ, Dolgolenko A, Dunford M, Fairbank W, Farine J, Feldmeier W, Fierlinger P, Franco D, Giroux G, Gornea R, Graham K, Gratta G, Hall C, Hall K, Hargrove C, Herrin S, Hughes M, Johnson A, Johnson TN, Karelin A, Kaufman LJ, Kuchenkov A, Kumar KS, Leonard DS, Leonard F, Mackay D, MacLellan R, Marino M, Mong B, Montero Díez M, Müller AR, Neilson R, Nelson R, Odian A, Ostrovskiy I, O'Sullivan K, Ouellet C, Piepke A, Pocar A, Prescott CY, Pushkin K, Rowson PC, Russell JJ, Sabourov A, Sinclair D, Slutsky S, Stekhanov V, Tolba T, Tosi D, Twelker K, Vogel P, Vuilleumier JL, Waite A, Walton T, Weber M, Wichoski U, Wodin J, Wright JD, Yang L, Yen YR, Zeldovich OY. Search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in 136Xe with EXO-200. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:032505. [PMID: 22861843 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.032505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of 136Xe with EXO-200. No signal is observed for an exposure of 32.5 kg yr, with a background of ∼1.5×10(-3) kg(-1) yr(-1) keV(-1) in the ±1σ region of interest. This sets a lower limit on the half-life of the neutrinoless double-beta decay T(1/2)(0νββ)(136Xe)>1.6×10(25) yr (90% C.L.), corresponding to effective Majorana masses of less than 140-380 meV, depending on the matrix element calculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Auger
- LHEP, Albert Einstein Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ackerman N, Aharmim B, Auger M, Auty DJ, Barbeau PS, Barry K, Bartoszek L, Beauchamp E, Belov V, Benitez-Medina C, Breidenbach M, Burenkov A, Cleveland B, Conley R, Conti E, Cook J, Cook S, Coppens A, Counts I, Craddock W, Daniels T, Danilov MV, Davis CG, Davis J, deVoe R, Djurcic Z, Dobi A, Dolgolenko AG, Dolinski MJ, Donato K, Dunford M, Fairbank W, Farine J, Fierlinger P, Franco D, Freytag D, Giroux G, Gornea R, Graham K, Gratta G, Green MP, Hägemann C, Hall C, Hall K, Haller G, Hargrove C, Herbst R, Herrin S, Hodgson J, Hughes M, Johnson A, Karelin A, Kaufman LJ, Koffas T, Kuchenkov A, Kumar A, Kumar KS, Leonard DS, Leonard F, LePort F, Mackay D, MacLellan R, Marino M, Martin Y, Mong B, Díez MM, Morgan P, Müller AR, Neilson R, Nelson R, Odian A, O'Sullivan K, Ouellet C, Piepke A, Pocar A, Prescott CY, Pushkin K, Rivas A, Rollin E, Rowson PC, Russell JJ, Sabourov A, Sinclair D, Skarpaas K, Slutsky S, Stekhanov V, Strickland V, Swift M, Tosi D, Twelker K, Vogel P, Vuilleumier JL, Vuilleumier JM, Waite A, Waldman S, Walton T, Wamba K, Weber M, Wichoski U, Wodin J, Wright JD, Yang L, Yen YR, Zeldovich OY. Observation of two-neutrino double-beta decay in 136Xe with the EXO-200 detector. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:212501. [PMID: 22181874 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.212501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of two-neutrino double-beta decay in (136)Xe with T(1/2) = 2.11 ± 0.04(stat) ± 0.21(syst) × 10(21) yr. This second-order process, predicted by the standard model, has been observed for several nuclei but not for (136)Xe. The observed decay rate provides new input to matrix element calculations and to the search for the more interesting neutrinoless double-beta decay, the most sensitive probe for the existence of Majorana particles and the measurement of the neutrino mass scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Ackerman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The alleviation of the acetylene blockage of nitrous oxide reduction by sulfide was studied in anaerobically incubated Brookston soil to better characterize the process. Removal of nitrate-derived nitrous oxide from soil amended with acetylene and sulfide occurred earlier in the presence of glucose than it did in its absence. This was attributed to the influence of glucose on nitrous oxide production rather than reduction during the early stages of the soil incubation. Glucose was found to have no effect on reduction of injected nitrous oxide in the presence of acetylene- and sulfide-amended soil, whereas carbon dioxide significantly stimulated reduction. It is suggested that the microorganism(s) involved may use carbon dioxide as a cellular carbon source. The sulfide added to the soil probably did not act solely as an electron donor, as the number of electrons required to reduce the added nitrous oxide in our systems was greater than the amount supplied by the sulfide. The soil pH at which the alleviation occurred was 6.7 and was not affected by the sulfide treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D G Evans
- Departments of Land Resource Science and Environmental Biology, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | | | | |
Collapse
|