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Sabharwal V, Taglauer E, Demos R, Snyder-Cappione J, Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb YB, Parker-Kelleher S, Hunnewell J, Boateng J, Clarke K, Yuen R, Barnett ED, Wachman EM, Yarrington CD. Comparison of Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Signatures in Maternal and Infant Blood after COVID-19 Infection versus COVID-19 Vaccination during Pregnancy. Am J Perinatol 2023. [PMID: 37774748 DOI: 10.1055/a-2183-9109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine for pregnant persons to prevent severe illness and death. The objective was to examine levels of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG, IgM, and IgA against spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid protein (NCP) in maternal and infant/cord blood at delivery after COVID 19 vaccination compared with SARS-CoV-2 infection at in mother-infant dyads at specified time points. STUDY DESIGN Mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 31) or COVID-19 vaccination (n = 25) during pregnancy were enrolled between July 2020 and November 2021. Samples were collected at delivery and IgG, IgM, and IgA to RBD of spike and NCPs compared in the infected and vaccinated groups. Timing of infection/vaccination prior to delivery and correlation with antibody levels was performed. RESULTS The majority of participants received vaccination within 90 days of delivery and over half received the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine. There were no significant correlations between antibody levels and timing of infection or vaccination. Infant IgG levels to the RBD domain of spike protein were higher in the vaccinated group (n = 25) as compared with the infants born to mothers with infection (n = 31). Vaccination against COVID-19 during pregnancy was associated with detectable maternal and infant anti-RBD IgG levels at delivery irrespective of the timing of vaccination. CONCLUSION Timing of vaccination had no correlation to the antibody levels suggesting that the timing of maternal vaccination in the cohort did not matter. There was no IgM detected in infants from vaccinated mothers. Infants from vaccinated mothers had robust IgG titers to RBD, which have a lasting protective effect in infants. KEY POINTS · COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy had detectable antibody.. · No correlation between antibody levels and timing of vaccination.. · Infants from vaccinated mothers had robust IgG titers to RBD..
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Riley Demos
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeffery Boateng
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine Clarke
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Elisha M Wachman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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2
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Sabharwal V, Demos R, Snyder-Cappione J, Parker SE, Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb Y, Hunnewell J, Boateng J, Clarke K, Yuen R, Barnett E, Yarrington C, Taglauer E, Wachman EM. Cytokine levels in maternal and infant blood after COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy in comparison with unvaccinated controls. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 156:103821. [PMID: 36764228 PMCID: PMC9884398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare maternal and infant cytokine profiles at delivery among those vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy to unvaccinated controls. Mother-infant dyads were enrolled in this prospective cohort study, and maternal blood and infant and/or cord blood collected. Samples were analyzed utilizing a LEGENDplex 13-plex human anti-viral response cytokine panel. Maternal IP-10 and IFN-λ2/3 were lower in the vaccinated cohort. In the infants, levels were lower for IL-1β, IFN-λ2/3, and GM-CSF, and higher for IFN-λ1 in the vaccinated cohort. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy did not lead to elevations in cytokines in mothers or infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha Sabharwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America.
| | - Riley Demos
- Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America.
| | - Jennifer Snyder-Cappione
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 650eAlbany Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America.
| | - Samantha E Parker
- Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America.
| | | | - Jessica Hunnewell
- Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America.
| | - Jeffery Boateng
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America.
| | - Katherine Clarke
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 650eAlbany Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America.
| | - Rachel Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 650eAlbany Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America.
| | - Elizabeth Barnett
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America.
| | - Christina Yarrington
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America.
| | - Elizabeth Taglauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America.
| | - Elisha M Wachman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America.
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3
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Han J, Li G, Hou M, Ng J, Kwon MY, Xiong K, Liang X, Taglauer E, Shi Y, Mitsialis SA, Kourembanas S, El-Chemaly S, Lederer JA, Rosas IO, Perrella MA, Liu X. Intratracheal transplantation of trophoblast stem cells attenuates acute lung injury in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:487. [PMID: 34461993 PMCID: PMC8404310 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common lung disorder that affects millions of people every year. The infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lungs and death of the alveolar epithelial cells are key factors to trigger a pathological cascade. Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) are immune privileged, and demonstrate the capability of self-renewal and multipotency with differentiation into three germ layers. We hypothesized that intratracheal transplantation of TSCs may alleviate ALI. Methods ALI was induced by intratracheal delivery of bleomycin (BLM) in mice. After exposure to BLM, pre-labeled TSCs or fibroblasts (FBs) were intratracheally administered into the lungs. Analyses of the lungs were performed for inflammatory infiltrates, cell apoptosis, and engraftment of TSCs. Pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines of lung tissue and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were also assessed. Results The lungs displayed a reduction in cellularity, with decreased CD45+ cells, and less thickening of the alveolar walls in ALI mice that received TSCs compared with ALI mice receiving PBS or FBs. TSCs decreased infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, and the expression of interleukin (IL) 6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) in the injured lungs. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in BALF, particularly IL-6, were decreased in ALI mice receiving TSCs, compared to ALI mice that received PBS or FBs. TSCs also significantly reduced BLM-induced apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Transplanted TSCs integrated into the alveolar walls and expressed aquaporin 5 and prosurfactant protein C, markers for alveolar epithelial type I and II cells, respectively. Conclusion Intratracheal transplantation of TSCs into the lungs of mice after acute exposure to BLM reduced pulmonary inflammation and cell death. Furthermore, TSCs engrafted into the alveolar walls to form alveolar epithelial type I and II cells. These data support the use of TSCs for the treatment of ALI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02550-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Gu Li
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Minmin Hou
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Julie Ng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Min-Young Kwon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Xiong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Liang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77024, USA
| | - Elizabeth Taglauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Souheil El-Chemaly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - James A Lederer
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77024, USA
| | - Mark A Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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4
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Reis M, Willis GR, Fernandez-Gonzalez A, Yeung V, Taglauer E, Magaletta M, Parsons T, Derr A, Liu X, Maehr R, Kourembanas S, Mitsialis SA. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Restore Thymic Architecture and T Cell Function Disrupted by Neonatal Hyperoxia. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640595. [PMID: 33936055 PMCID: PMC8082426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Treating premature infants with high oxygen is a routine intervention in the context of neonatal intensive care. Unfortunately, the increase in survival rates is associated with various detrimental sequalae of hyperoxia exposure, most notably bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a disease of disrupted lung development. The effects of high oxygen exposure on other developing organs of the infant, as well as the possible impact such disrupted development may have on later life remain poorly understood. Using a neonatal mouse model to investigate the effects of hyperoxia on the immature immune system we observed a dramatic involution of the thymic medulla, and this lesion was associated with disrupted FoxP3+ regulatory T cell generation and T cell autoreactivity. Significantly, administration of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MEx) restored thymic medullary architecture and physiological thymocyte profiles. Using single cell transcriptomics, we further demonstrated preferential impact of MEx treatment on the thymic medullary antigen presentation axis, as evidenced by enrichment of antigen presentation and antioxidative-stress related genes in dendritic cells (DCs) and medullary epithelial cells (mTECs). Our study demonstrates that MEx treatment represents a promising restorative therapeutic approach for oxygen-induced thymic injury, thus promoting normal development of both central tolerance and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Reis
- Division of Newborn Medicine & Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gareth R Willis
- Division of Newborn Medicine & Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Angeles Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Division of Newborn Medicine & Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vincent Yeung
- Division of Newborn Medicine & Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Taglauer
- Division of Newborn Medicine & Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Margaret Magaletta
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Teagan Parsons
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Alan Derr
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Xianlan Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine & Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rene Maehr
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine & Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine & Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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5
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Benarroch Y, Juttukonda L, Sabharwal V, Boateng J, Khan AR, Yarrington C, Wachman EM, Taglauer E. Differential Expression of Rab5 and Rab7 Small GTPase Proteins in Placental Tissues From Pregnancies Affected by Maternal Coronavirus Disease 2019. Clin Ther 2021; 43:308-318. [PMID: 33541739 PMCID: PMC7837084 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The majority of pregnancies affected by maternal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) do not result in fetal transmission. However, several studies have identified parenchymal changes in their placental tissues, suggesting a placental response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at the maternal–fetal interface. Although many COVID-19 placental studies have focused on the expression of the canonical SARS-CoV-2 entry proteins angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2, further characterization of subcellular molecules involved in viral trafficking have not yet been investigated in these tissues. Of interest are Rab proteins, a family of small GTPase proteins that direct intracellular transport between different endocytic organelles. Rab5 and Rab7 in particular have previously been implicated in HIV and cytomegalovirus invasion of placental trophoblast cells in vitro; the localization of these molecules has not been fully characterized within the human maternal–fetal interface, however, or within placental tissues from SARS-CoV-2–infected pregnancies. Methods Using fluorescent immunohistochemistry, Rab5 and Rab7 placental localization and comparative fluorescence intensity were explored in a cohort of placental tissues from pregnancies affected by maternal COVID-19 disease (COVID, n = 15) compared with contemporary control subjects (Control, n = 10). Fluorescence intensity was quantified by using corrected total cell fluorescence values. Findings Within placental villi, Rab5 was consistently localized in syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast cells. Rab5 had significantly higher mean (SEM) fluorescence intensity in the COVID cohort (Control, 1.96 [0.16]; COVID, 2.62 [0.09]; P = 0.0014). In contrast, although Rab7 was also localized within placental villous syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast cells, mean (SEM) Rab7 fluorescence intensity was significantly downregulated in COVID vs Control placentas (Control, 35.9 [4.1]; COVID, 20.1 [0.52]; P = 0.0001). Implications This differential expression of Rab5 and Rab7 suggests that placental endocytic pathways may be altered at the maternal–fetal interface in pregnancies affected by maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. As key molecules governing intracellular vesicle transport, including viral trafficking, Rab GTPase proteins may be of interest for ongoing studies examining placental responses to COVID-19 in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lillian Juttukonda
- Boston Combined Residency Program in Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center and Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jeffery Boateng
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amir R Khan
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Elisha M Wachman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Taglauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Hirsch K, Taglauer E, Seedorf G, Callahan C, Mandell E, White CW, Kourembanas S, Abman SH. Perinatal Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Stabilization Preserves Lung Alveolar and Vascular Growth in Experimental Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:1146-1158. [PMID: 32551816 PMCID: PMC7560790 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0601oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Antenatal inflammation with placental dysfunction is strongly associated with high bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) risk in preterm infants. Whether antenatal or postnatal HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) augmentation can preserve lung structure and function and prevent pulmonary hypertension after intrauterine inflammation is controversial.Objectives: To determine whether antenatal or postnatal prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor (PHi) therapy increases lung HIF expression, preserves lung growth and function, and prevents pulmonary hypertension in a rat model of chorioamnionitis-induced BPD caused by antenatal inflammation.Methods: Endotoxin (ETX) was administered to pregnant rats by intraamniotic injection at Embryonic Day 20, and pups were delivered by cesarean section at Embryonic Day 22. Selective PHi drugs, dimethyloxalylglycine or GSK360A, were administered into the amniotic space at Embryonic Day 20 or after birth by intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks. Placentas and lung tissue were collected at birth for morphometric and Western blot measurements of HIF-1a, HIF-2a, VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), and eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) protein contents. At Day 14, lung function was assessed, and tissues were harvested to determine alveolarization by radial alveolar counts, pulmonary vessel density, and right ventricle hypertrophy (RVH).Measurements and Main Results: Antenatal PHi therapy preserves lung alveolar and vascular growth and lung function and prevents RVH after intrauterine ETX exposure. Antenatal administration of PHi markedly upregulates lung HIF-1a, HIF-2a, VEGF, and eNOS expression after ETX exposure.Conclusions: HIF augmentation improves lung structure and function, prevents RVH, and improves placental structure following antenatal ETX exposure. We speculate that antenatal or postnatal PHi therapy may provide novel strategies to prevent BPD due to antenatal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen Hirsch
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center and,Medical Student Research Track, School of Medicine, and
| | - Elizabeth Taglauer
- Division of Neonatology, Boston Children’s Hospital–Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Gregory Seedorf
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center and,Pediatric Pulmonology Clinic, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado,Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carly Callahan
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Carl W. White
- Pediatric Pulmonology Clinic, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado,Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Neonatology, Boston Children’s Hospital–Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Steven H. Abman
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center and,Pediatric Pulmonology Clinic, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado,Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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7
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Taglauer E, Benarroch Y, Rop K, Barnett E, Sabharwal V, Yarrington C, Wachman EM. Consistent localization of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and ACE2 over TMPRSS2 predominance in placental villi of 15 COVID-19 positive maternal-fetal dyads. Placenta 2020; 100:69-74. [PMID: 32862058 PMCID: PMC7445146 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant global health impact, rates of maternal to infant vertical transmission remain low (<5%). Parenchymal changes of placentas from COVID-19 infected mothers have been reported by several groups, but the localization and relative abundance of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and cellular entry machinery has not been fully characterized within larger placental tissue cohorts. METHODS An extended placental tissue cohort including samples from 15 COVID-19 positive maternal-fetal dyads (with n = 5 cases with evidence of fetal transmission) in comparison with 10 contemporary COVID-19 negative controls. Using comparative immunofluorescence, we examined the localization and relative tissue abundance of SARS-CoV2 spike glycoprotein (CoV2 SP) along with the co-localization of two SARS-CoV2 viral entry proteins angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS CoV2 SP was present within the villous placenta in COVID-19 positive pregnancies with and without evidence of fetal transmission. We further identified the predominance of ACE2 expression in comparison with TMPRSS2. Importantly, both CoV2 SP and ACE2 expression consistently localized primarily within the outer syncytiotrophoblast layer placental villi, a key physiologic interface between mother and fetus. Overall this study provides an important basis for the ongoing evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 physiology in pregnancy and highlights the importance of the placenta as a key source of primary human tissue for ongoing diagnostic and therapeutic research efforts to reduce the global burden of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Taglauer
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Yoel Benarroch
- Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Kevin Rop
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02119, USA
| | - Elizabeth Barnett
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, 801 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02119, USA.
| | - Vishakha Sabharwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, 801 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02119, USA.
| | - Christina Yarrington
- Departmentof Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston Medical Center, 720 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Elisha M Wachman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, 801 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02119, USA.
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8
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Reis M, Willis GR, Fernandez-Gonzalez A, Yeung V, Taglauer E, Liu X, Mitsialis SA, Kourembanas S. Modulation of thymic architecture and T cell function by Mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles in a model of neonatal hyperoxia. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.246.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Therapies based on mesenchymal stem/stromal cell extracellular vesicles (MEx) have shown promise in experimental models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a disease of disrupted lung development that can result from neonatal exposure to hyperoxia. The effects of oxygen exposure on other developing organs in the neonatal period remain poorly understood and whether MEx treatment may modify these responses is not known. Our research aimed at understanding the effects of neonatal exposure to hyperoxia and the immunomodulatory properties of MEx on thymic architecture and T cell development. Using a mouse model of neonatal hyperoxia, we showed that, in addition to lung injury resulting in BPD, there was involution of the thymic medulla with altered T cell function. Administration of a single dose of MEx resulted in preservation of thymic architecture, and restoration of normal thymic function through modulation of the thymic medullary antigen presentation network and T cell phenotypes. Consequently, MEx reinstated the mechanisms of thymic-driven central tolerance that are perturbed upon hyperoxia exposure, as demonstrated by increased FoxP3+ regulatory T cell generation and decreased T cell autoreactivity. Overall, our study demonstrates that MEx represent a promising cell-free therapeutic option to restore thymic architecture and ensure the development of central tolerance by preventing thymic injury associated with neonatal hyperoxia exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Reis
- 1Division of Newborn Medicine & Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School
| | - Gareth R. Willis
- 1Division of Newborn Medicine & Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School
| | - Angeles Fernandez-Gonzalez
- 1Division of Newborn Medicine & Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School
| | - Vincent Yeung
- 1Division of Newborn Medicine & Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School
| | - Elizabeth Taglauer
- 1Division of Newborn Medicine & Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School
| | - Xianlan Liu
- 1Division of Newborn Medicine & Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital
| | - S. Alex Mitsialis
- 1Division of Newborn Medicine & Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- 1Division of Newborn Medicine & Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School
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9
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Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a major cause of late morbidities and death after preterm birth. BPD is characterized by an arrest of vascular and alveolar growth and high risk for pulmonary hypertension; yet mechanisms contributing to its pathogenesis and early strategies to prevent BPD are poorly understood. Strong epidemiologic studies have shown that the "new BPD" reflects the long-lasting impact of antenatal factors on lung development, partly due to placental dysfunction, as reflected in recent data from animal models. Improved understanding of mechanisms through which antenatal stress alters placental function and contributes to BPD may lead to preventive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven H. Abman
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora CO USA
| | - Roberta L. Keller
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
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Primetzhofer D, Spitz M, Taglauer E, Bauer P. Resonant charge transfer in low-energy ion scattering: Information depth in the reionization regime. Surf Sci 2011; 605:1913-1917. [PMID: 22053118 PMCID: PMC3165101 DOI: 10.1016/j.susc.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Time-Of-Flight Low-energy ion scattering (TOF-LEIS) experiments were performed for He(+) ions scattered from Cu(100) and Cu(0.5)Au(0.5)(100). Probabilities for resonant neutralization and reionization in close collisions were deduced in a wide energy range. To learn about the information depth in LEIS, in a next step ion spectra were analyzed for polycrystalline Cu samples. The relative yield of backscattered projectiles, which have undergone distinct charge exchange processes, was calculated. Results indicate a strong contribution to the ion yield that origins from particles reionized in a close collision in deeper layers when experiments are performed at energies where reionization is prominent. The surface sensitivity of the ion signal at different energies is quantified. Based on these results, the total ion spectrum was quantitatively modelled by two consistent, but different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Primetzhofer
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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Primetzhofer D, Markin SN, Juaristi JI, Taglauer E, Bauer P. Crystal effects in the neutralization of He+ ions in the low energy ion scattering regime. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:213201. [PMID: 18518602 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.213201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Revised: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Investigating possible crystal effects in ion scattering from elemental surfaces, measurements of the positive ion fraction P+ are reported for He+ ions scattered from single and polycrystalline Cu surfaces. In the Auger neutralization regime, the ion yield is determined by scattering from the outermost atomic layer. For Cu(110) P+ exceeds that for polycrystalline Cu by up to a factor of 2.5, thus exhibiting a strong crystal effect. It is much less pronounced at higher energies, i.e., in the reionization regime. However, there a completely different angular dependence of the ion yield is observed for poly- and single crystals, due to massive subsurface contributions in nonchanneling directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Primetzhofer
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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Günther S, Esch F, Gregoratti L, Barinov A, Kiskinova M, Taglauer E, Knözinger H. Gas-Phase Transport during the Spreading of MoO3 on Al2O3 Support Surfaces: Photoelectron Spectromicroscopic Study. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp031333w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Günther
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Universität Hannover, Callinstrasse 3-3a, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F. Esch
- TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - L. Gregoratti
- Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - A. Barinov
- Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - M. Kiskinova
- Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - E. Taglauer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - H. Knözinger
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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Taglauer E, Melchior W, Schuster F, Heiland W. SORBAS: An apparatus for investigating ion scattering from surfaces at energies 100-2000 eV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/8/9/024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Günther S, Gregoratti L, Kiskinova M, Taglauer E, Grotz P, Schubert UA, Knözinger H. Transport mechanisms during spreading of MoO3 on Al2O3 supports investigated by photoelectron spectromicroscopy. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Labich S, Kohl A, Taglauer E, Knözinger H. Silicide formation by high-temperature reaction of Rh with model SiO2 films. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Günther S, Marsi M, Kolmakov A, Kiskinova M, Noeske M, Taglauer E, Mestl G, Schubert UA, Knözinger H. Photoelectron Spectromicroscopic Study of the Spreading Behavior of MoO3 on Titania and Alumina Model Supports. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp971600w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - M. Noeske
- Abt. Oberflächenchemie und Katalyse, Universität Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - E. Taglauer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G. Mestl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin (Dahlem), Germany
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Winters HF, Taglauer E. Sputtering of chemisorbed nitrogen from single-crystal planes of tungsten and molybdenum. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1987; 35:2174-2187. [PMID: 9941667 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.35.2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Onsgaard J, Huang W, Taglauer E. On the use of the quartz crystal microbalance for surface analysis in combination with surface sensitive spectroscopies. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.740090207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Stoffel NG, Riedel R, Colavita E, Margaritondo G, Haglund RF, Taglauer E, Tolk NH. Photon-stimulated desorption of neutral sodium from alkali halides observed by laser-induced fluorescence. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1985; 32:6805-6808. [PMID: 9936792 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.32.6805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Taglauer E, Beitat U, Heiland W. Investigation of ion impact desorption of atoms and molecules by low energy ion scattering (ISS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0029-554x(78)90936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Heiland W, Taglauer E, Robinson M. Multiple scattering of low energy rare gas ions: A comparison of experiment and computer simulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/0029-554x(76)90807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Grundner M, Heiland W, Taglauer E. Direct comparison of ion scattering and secondary ion emission as tools for analysis of metal surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00884235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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