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Micco A, Carpentieri E, Di Sorbo A, Chetta A, Del Donno M. Palliative care and end of life management in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Multidiscip Respir Med 2023; 18:896. [PMID: 36909932 PMCID: PMC9994447 DOI: 10.4081/mrm.2023.896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic disease with an unknown etiology that causes deterioration of the structure of the lung parenchyma, resulting in a severe and progressive decline in respiratory function and early mortality. IPF is essentially an incurable disease, with a mean overall survival of 5 years in approximately 20% of patients without treatment. The combination of a poor prognosis, uncertainty about the disease's progression, and the severity of symptoms has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients and their families. New antifibrotic drugs have been shown to slow disease progression, but their impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has to be proven yet. To date, studies have shown that palliative care can improve symptom management, HRQoL, and end-of-life care (EoL) in patients with IPF, reducing critical events, hospitalization, and health costs. As a result, it is essential for proper health planning and patient management to establish palliative care early and in conjunction with other therapies, beginning with the initial diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alfredo Chetta
- Pneumology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
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Liccardi G, Calzetta L, Baldi G, Berra A, Billeri L, Caminati M, Capano P, Carpentieri E, Ciccarelli A, Crivellaro MA, Cutajar M, D'Amato M, Folletti I, Gani F, Gargano D, Giannattasio D, Giovannini M, Lombardi C, Schiavo ML, Madonna F, Maniscalco M, Meriggi A, Micucci C, Milanese M, Montera C, Paolocci G, Parente R, Pedicini A, Pio R, Puggioni F, Russo M, Salzillo A, Scavalli P, Scichilone N, Sposato B, Stanziola A, Steinhilber G, Vatrella A, Rogliani P, Passalacqua G. Allergic sensitization to common pets (cats/dogs) according to different possible modalities of exposure: an Italian Multicenter Study. Clin Mol Allergy 2018. [PMID: 29434523 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-018-0081-z.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The query "are there animals at home?" is usually administered for collecting information on anamnesis. This modality to consider exposure to pet allergens constitutes a potential bias in epidemiological studies and in clinical practice. The aim of our study was to evaluate/quantify different modalities of exposure to cat/dog in inducing allergic sensitization. Methods Thirty Italian Allergy units participated in this study. Each centre was required to collect the data of at least 20 consecutive outpatients sensitized to cat/dog allergens. A standardized form reported all demographic data and a particular attention was paid in relieving possible modalities of exposure to cat/dog. Results A total 723 patients sensitized to cat/dog were recorded, 359 (49.65%) reported direct pet contact, 213 patients (29.46%) were pet owners, and 146 subjects (20.19%) were exposed to pets in other settings. Other patients were sensitized by previous pet ownership (150-20.75%) or indirect contact (103-14.25%), in 111 subjects (15.35%) any contact was reported. Conclusions Only 213 patients (29.46%) would be classified as "exposed to animals" and 510 (70.54%) as "not exposed" according to usual query. Our classification has shown that many "not-exposed" subjects (399-55.19%) were "really exposed". The magnitude of exposure to pet allergens at home is not related exclusively to pet ownership. These considerations should be taken into account during the planning of epidemiological studies and in clinical practice for the management of pet allergic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Liccardi
- 1Department of Pulmonology, Haematology and Oncology. Division of Pneumology and Allergology, High Speciality "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy.,2Postgraduate School of Respiratory Medicine. Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - L Calzetta
- 2Postgraduate School of Respiratory Medicine. Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,3Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - G Baldi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, ASL (District 66), Salerno, Italy
| | - A Berra
- Respiratory Allergy Unit, G. Da Procida Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - L Billeri
- 6Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M Caminati
- 7Asthma Center and Allergy Unit, Verona University and General Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - P Capano
- Unit of Pulmonary Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Ospedale "Santa Maria Della Speranza", Battipaglia, Salerno Italy
| | - E Carpentieri
- Division of Pneumology, "Santa Maria Novella" Hospital, Galatina, Lecce Italy
| | - A Ciccarelli
- Allergy Unit, Loreto Crispi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - M A Crivellaro
- 11Unit of Allergy and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M Cutajar
- Allergy Center, Division of Internal Medicine, Ospedali Riuniti Penisola Sorrentina, Sorrento, Naples, Italy
| | - M D'Amato
- 13Department of Respiratory Disease, "Federico II" University - AO "Dei Colli", Naples, Italy
| | - I Folletti
- 14Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology, Terni Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - F Gani
- Allergy Unit, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - D Gargano
- 16Allergy Unit, High Speciality "San Giuseppe Moscati" Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| | - D Giannattasio
- Respiratory Physiopathology and Allergy, High Speciality Center, "Mauro Scarlato" Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Italy
| | - M Giovannini
- Pulmonary Diseases Department, Mirandola Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - C Lombardi
- 19Departmental Unit of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Respiratory Diseases, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Lo Schiavo
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, "G. Fucito" Hospital, S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - F Madonna
- Allergy Unit, ASL (Sanitary District n°12), Caserta, Italy
| | - M Maniscalco
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, ICS Maugeri, Telese Terme, Benevento Italy
| | - A Meriggi
- 23Allergy and Immunology Unit, Fondazione "Salvatore Maugeri", Institut of Research and Care, Scientific Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Micucci
- Division of Pneumology and Allergology Hospital "Carlo Urbani", Jesi, Ancona Italy
| | - M Milanese
- 25Division of Pneumology, S. Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Savona Italy
| | - C Montera
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, "G. Fucito" Hospital, S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - G Paolocci
- 14Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology, Terni Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - R Parente
- 26Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - A Pedicini
- 27Division of Internal Medicine and Allergy, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Benevento, Italy
| | - R Pio
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, "G. Fucito" Hospital, S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - F Puggioni
- Respiratory Diseases Department-IRCCS Humanitas Research and Clinical Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Russo
- 1Department of Pulmonology, Haematology and Oncology. Division of Pneumology and Allergology, High Speciality "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - A Salzillo
- 1Department of Pulmonology, Haematology and Oncology. Division of Pneumology and Allergology, High Speciality "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - P Scavalli
- Unit of Respiratory Physiopathology, Allergy and Occupational Medicine, ASL Viterbo, Viterbo, Italy
| | - N Scichilone
- 30Biomedical Department of Specialistic and Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - B Sposato
- Pneumology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera "Misericordia", Grosseto, Italy
| | - A Stanziola
- 13Department of Respiratory Disease, "Federico II" University - AO "Dei Colli", Naples, Italy
| | - G Steinhilber
- 32Division of Pneumology, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Vatrella
- 33Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - P Rogliani
- 2Postgraduate School of Respiratory Medicine. Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,3Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - G Passalacqua
- 34Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Liccardi G, Calzetta L, Baldi G, Berra A, Billeri L, Caminati M, Capano P, Carpentieri E, Ciccarelli A, Crivellaro MA, Cutajar M, D'Amato M, Folletti I, Gani F, Gargano D, Giannattasio D, Giovannini M, Lombardi C, Schiavo ML, Madonna F, Maniscalco M, Meriggi A, Micucci C, Milanese M, Montera C, Paolocci G, Parente R, Pedicini A, Pio R, Puggioni F, Russo M, Salzillo A, Scavalli P, Scichilone N, Sposato B, Stanziola A, Steinhilber G, Vatrella A, Rogliani P, Passalacqua G. Allergic sensitization to common pets (cats/dogs) according to different possible modalities of exposure: an Italian Multicenter Study. Clin Mol Allergy 2018; 16:3. [PMID: 29434523 PMCID: PMC5796344 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-018-0081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The query “are there animals at home?” is usually administered for collecting information on anamnesis. This modality to consider exposure to pet allergens constitutes a potential bias in epidemiological studies and in clinical practice. The aim of our study was to evaluate/quantify different modalities of exposure to cat/dog in inducing allergic sensitization. Methods Thirty Italian Allergy units participated in this study. Each centre was required to collect the data of at least 20 consecutive outpatients sensitized to cat/dog allergens. A standardized form reported all demographic data and a particular attention was paid in relieving possible modalities of exposure to cat/dog. Results A total 723 patients sensitized to cat/dog were recorded, 359 (49.65%) reported direct pet contact, 213 patients (29.46%) were pet owners, and 146 subjects (20.19%) were exposed to pets in other settings. Other patients were sensitized by previous pet ownership (150–20.75%) or indirect contact (103–14.25%), in 111 subjects (15.35%) any contact was reported. Conclusions Only 213 patients (29.46%) would be classified as “exposed to animals” and 510 (70.54%) as “not exposed” according to usual query. Our classification has shown that many “not-exposed” subjects (399–55.19%) were “really exposed”. The magnitude of exposure to pet allergens at home is not related exclusively to pet ownership. These considerations should be taken into account during the planning of epidemiological studies and in clinical practice for the management of pet allergic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Liccardi
- 1Department of Pulmonology, Haematology and Oncology. Division of Pneumology and Allergology, High Speciality "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy.,2Postgraduate School of Respiratory Medicine. Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - L Calzetta
- 2Postgraduate School of Respiratory Medicine. Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,3Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - G Baldi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, ASL (District 66), Salerno, Italy
| | - A Berra
- Respiratory Allergy Unit, G. Da Procida Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - L Billeri
- 6Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M Caminati
- 7Asthma Center and Allergy Unit, Verona University and General Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - P Capano
- Unit of Pulmonary Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Ospedale "Santa Maria Della Speranza", Battipaglia, Salerno Italy
| | - E Carpentieri
- Division of Pneumology, "Santa Maria Novella" Hospital, Galatina, Lecce Italy
| | - A Ciccarelli
- Allergy Unit, Loreto Crispi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - M A Crivellaro
- 11Unit of Allergy and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M Cutajar
- Allergy Center, Division of Internal Medicine, Ospedali Riuniti Penisola Sorrentina, Sorrento, Naples, Italy
| | - M D'Amato
- 13Department of Respiratory Disease, "Federico II" University - AO "Dei Colli", Naples, Italy
| | - I Folletti
- 14Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology, Terni Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - F Gani
- Allergy Unit, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - D Gargano
- 16Allergy Unit, High Speciality "San Giuseppe Moscati" Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| | - D Giannattasio
- Respiratory Physiopathology and Allergy, High Speciality Center, "Mauro Scarlato" Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Italy
| | - M Giovannini
- Pulmonary Diseases Department, Mirandola Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - C Lombardi
- 19Departmental Unit of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Respiratory Diseases, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Lo Schiavo
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, "G. Fucito" Hospital, S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - F Madonna
- Allergy Unit, ASL (Sanitary District n°12), Caserta, Italy
| | - M Maniscalco
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, ICS Maugeri, Telese Terme, Benevento Italy
| | - A Meriggi
- 23Allergy and Immunology Unit, Fondazione "Salvatore Maugeri", Institut of Research and Care, Scientific Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Micucci
- Division of Pneumology and Allergology Hospital "Carlo Urbani", Jesi, Ancona Italy
| | - M Milanese
- 25Division of Pneumology, S. Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Savona Italy
| | - C Montera
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, "G. Fucito" Hospital, S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - G Paolocci
- 14Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology, Terni Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - R Parente
- 26Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - A Pedicini
- 27Division of Internal Medicine and Allergy, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Benevento, Italy
| | - R Pio
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, "G. Fucito" Hospital, S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - F Puggioni
- Respiratory Diseases Department-IRCCS Humanitas Research and Clinical Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Russo
- 1Department of Pulmonology, Haematology and Oncology. Division of Pneumology and Allergology, High Speciality "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - A Salzillo
- 1Department of Pulmonology, Haematology and Oncology. Division of Pneumology and Allergology, High Speciality "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - P Scavalli
- Unit of Respiratory Physiopathology, Allergy and Occupational Medicine, ASL Viterbo, Viterbo, Italy
| | - N Scichilone
- 30Biomedical Department of Specialistic and Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - B Sposato
- Pneumology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera "Misericordia", Grosseto, Italy
| | - A Stanziola
- 13Department of Respiratory Disease, "Federico II" University - AO "Dei Colli", Naples, Italy
| | - G Steinhilber
- 32Division of Pneumology, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Vatrella
- 33Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - P Rogliani
- 2Postgraduate School of Respiratory Medicine. Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,3Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - G Passalacqua
- 34Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Liccardi G, Baldi G, Berra A, Carpentieri E, Cutajar M, D'Amato M, Del Donno M, Del Prato B, Folletti I, Gani F, Gargano D, Giannattasio D, Giovannini M, Infantino A, Lombardi C, Lo Schiavo M, Madonna F, Maniscalco M, Meriggi A, Milanese M, Montera C, Pio A, Russo M, Salzillo A, Scavalli P, Scichilone N, Sposato B, Stanziola A, Starace A, Vatrella A, D'Amato G, Passalacqua G. Non respiratory symptoms in asthma as possible predictors of exacerbations. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2015; 3:798-800.e2. [PMID: 26004306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Liccardi
- Division of Pneumology and Allergology, Department of Chest Diseases, High Speciality "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy.
| | - Gennaro Baldi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, ASL (district 66), Salerno, Italy
| | - Adriano Berra
- Respiratory Allergy Unit, G.Da Procida Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Emanuela Carpentieri
- Division of Pneumology, "Santa Maria Novella" Hospital, Galatina, Lecce, Italy; Division of Pneumology, "Rummo" Hospital, Benevento, Italy
| | - Marina Cutajar
- Division of Internal Medicine, Allergy Center, Ospedali Riuniti Penisola Sorrentina, Sorrento, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria D'Amato
- Department of Respiratory Disease, "Federico II" University - AO "Dei Colli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Del Prato
- Unit of Bronchial Endoscopy and Broncho-pulmonology Emergencies, High Speciality "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilenia Folletti
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Occupational and Environmental Allergy, University of Perugia, Terni Hospital, Terni, Italy
| | - Federica Gani
- Allergy Unit, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Domenico Gargano
- Allergy Unit, High Speciality "San Giuseppe Moscati" Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| | - Domenico Giannattasio
- Respiratory Physiopathology and Allergy, High Speciality Center, "S. Maria Incoronata dell'Olmo" Hospital, Cava dei tirreni, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Infantino
- Respiratory Area, Società Italiana Interdisciplinare per le Cure Primarie, Italy
| | - Carlo Lombardi
- Departmental Unit of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Respiratory Diseases, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mario Lo Schiavo
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, "G. Fucito" Hospital, S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Section of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital "S. Maria della Pietà", Casoria, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Meriggi
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, Fondazione "Salvatore Maugeri", Institute of Research and Care, Scientific Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Manlio Milanese
- Division of Pneumology, S. Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Savona, Italy
| | - Carmen Montera
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, "G. Fucito" Hospital, S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonio Pio
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, "G. Fucito" Hospital, S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Russo
- Division of Pneumology and Allergology, Department of Chest Diseases, High Speciality "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello Salzillo
- Division of Pneumology and Allergology, Department of Chest Diseases, High Speciality "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Scavalli
- Unit of Respiratory Physiopathology, Allergy and Occupational Medicine, ASL, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Nicola Scichilone
- Biomedical Department of Specialistic and Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Bruno Sposato
- Pneumology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera "Misericordia", Grosseto, Italy
| | - Anna Stanziola
- Department of Respiratory Disease, "Federico II" University - AO "Dei Colli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Starace
- Division of Pneumology and Physiopathology, Department of Chest Diseases, High Speciality "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gennaro D'Amato
- Division of Pneumology and Allergology, Department of Chest Diseases, High Speciality "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy
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Stanziola AA, Padula S, Carpentieri E, Rea G, Maniscalco M, Sofia M. Right heart and pulmonary thromboembolism from extensive splanchnic vein thrombosis after splenectomy for myeloproliferative disease. Heart Lung 2012; 41:188-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Stanziola AA, D'Alto M, Carpentieri E, Argiento P, Russo C, Romeo E, Calabrò R, Sofia M. Long-term Effects on Gas Exchange of Nonselective Endothelin Receptor Antagonist (ETRA) Bosentan in Patients With Severe Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With COPD or Idiopathic Chronic Interstitial Pneumonia. Chest 2010. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.9526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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